مجله فیض
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 117، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400)

Utreoplacental Insufficiency (UPI) causes impaired fetal brain development and induces oxidative stress, which ultimately leads to intrauterine growth restriction. Due to the antioxidant properties of Hesperidin (HES), the study aimed to outcome this compound on cognitive impairment and serum level of catalase, antioxidant capacity of total and malondialdehyde following uterine-placental insufficiency in rats.

Thirty pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, UPI+NS (Utreoplacental insufficiency+normal saline), UPI+HES25 (Utreoplacental insufficiency+Hesperidin 25 mg/kg), and UPI+HES50 (Utreoplacental insufficiency+Hesperidin 50mg/kg), UPI+HES100 (Utreoplacental insufficiency+ Hesperidin 100mg/kg). UPI was induced by obstruction of the anterior uterine arteries on day 18 of gestation. Hesperidin or normal saline gavage was performed from day 12 to 18 of gestation. Evaluation of working memory, avoidant learning and anxiety-like behaviors and then evaluation of serum levels of catalase, total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde content were performed in one-month-old pups.

There was a significant decrease in working and avoidance memory, catalase levels, total antioxidants capacity with increased levels of anxiety and malondialdehyde in the UPI+ NS group compared to the control group (P<0.05). While in the HES-treated groups, there was a significant increase in working and avoidance memory, catalase level and total antioxidant capacity with a decrease in anxiety and malondialdehyde levels compared to the UPI+NS group (P<0.05(.

Hesperidin can improve memory and cognitive impairments in the model of uterine-placental insufficiency of rats by reducing oxidative stress damage.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis, because they have the capacity of self-renewal, and differentiation into spermatozoa. Freezing is the most common long-term preservation approach for SSCs. The present study aimed to investigate the cryoprotective impacts of FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) and trehalose on caprine SSCs.

SSCs were isolated from prepubertal goat testis by enzymatic digestion and differential plating. Cells were divided into 9 groups. The control group included SSCs without cryoprotective agents. In the treatment groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, concentration of 10% FBS, and various concentrations of trehalose (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM), and in the treatment groups 5, 6, 7, and 8, concentration of 20% FBS and various concentrations of trehalose (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were used respectively. The viability rate of the cells was assessed immediately after isolation, following addition of cryoprotectant agents and after thawing. Identification of cells was confirmed by immunocytochemical staining against PGP9.5 antigen. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.

The viability rate of SSCs in various treatments following addition of FBS and trehalose were similar to viable cells immediately after isolation. Furthermore, higher viability rates of SSCs after thawing were observed in freezing medium containing 10% FBS and 200 mM trehalose (P<0.05).

The results revealed that freezing in 10% FBS with 200 mM trehalose acts as efficient method for the cryopreservation of caprine SSCs.

One of the problems after cryopreservation and ovarian tissue transplantation is ischemia followed by follicles mortality. In the present study, hyaluronic acid hydrogel was used to improve angiogenesis in vitrified ovarian tissue transplantation in rat.

In this experimental study, 22 adult female rats (~8 weeks old) with normal estrous cycles were ovariectomized, then their right ovaries were vitrified and warmed into two groups without hyaluronic acid hydrogel (VT) and encapsulated with hyaluronic acid hydrogel (VT+HA) was autotransplanted into the dorsal muscle. Daily vaginal monitoring was performed until re-initiation of first full oestrus cycles. The ovaries were removed at the end of the first estrus cycle and angiogenesis genes VEGF, CD31 and CD34 evaluated by real time PCR. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and the significance level was considered P<0.05.

All transplants were completely successful (100% successful transplant). There was no statistically significant difference in CD34 and CD31 genes between two groups. But VEGF gene expression was significantly lower in VT+HA group (0.25±0.06) than VT group (1.00±0.05) (P<0.05). Thus, the VT group appeared more successful than the VT+HA group in expressing angiogenic genes at the end of the first estrus cycle.

Hyaluronic acid hydrogel does not play any effective role in the growth and improvement of angiogenesis after transplantation in the short term. But due to the angiogenic property of hyaluronic acid, increasing the expression of angiogenic genes in the VT + HA group may need more time.

Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) or Aspirin is one of the most widely used drugs in the world; one of its side effects is the male reproductive system alteration. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on ASA-induced reproductive system alteration in rats.

In two stages, fifteen rats (N=15) were randomly divided into control (C, n=5), non-treatment (NT, n=5) and aerobic-treatment (AT, n=5) groups; the AT and NT groups used aspirin 12.5 mg/kg-daily/five weeks. The AT group ran at moderate intensity on a rodent-treadmill/four weeks, five sessions a week. Groups C and NT did not receive any intervention. Serum testosterone level, spermatogenesis indices and sperm parameters of rats were evaluated and the data were analyzed by one-way variance and Tukey post-hoc-test at alpha level 0.05 by SPSS.

Data statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of serum testosterone level (P=0.02), sperm quantity (P=0.0001), viability (P=0.001), maturity (P=0.0001), sperm DNA fracture (P=0.002), TDI, SI and RI indices, tubule diameter (P=0.0001), tubular epithelium thickness (P=0.0001) and number of Leydig cells (P=0.003), but there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of sperm motility (P=0.07). Tukey post-hoc-test showed that these differences were between NT and AT groups, but no significant difference was observed between C and AT.

It can be concluded that four-week moderate exercise helps accelerate the reproductive conditions recovery to just before taking acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) or Aspirin.

Curcumin supplementation consumption is effective in reducing muscle damage and inflammation sport performance. This study aimed to effect of eight weeks of curcumin supplementation consumption on muscle injury and inflammation following an acute session of strength activity in male futsal players.

Twenty male futsal players (age (year): 26.06±3.88 and BMI: 24.4±3.17) volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to supplementation and control groups. Blood sampling was performed in four stages. After the first blood sampling from both supplementation and control groups, one acute session of circular strength training in 5 stations and 3sets with 75%1RM were performed. The second blood sampling was performed. Forty-eight hours later, the experimental group used 150 mg curcumin supplementation tablet, 3 days a week during 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last using, blood sampling was performed in both groups. Both supplementation and control groups performed the second acute circular strength training and one hour later, the fourth stage blood sampling was performed. Control group consumed placebo during 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 using mixed analysis of variance.

The results showed that 8 weeks curcumin supplementation consumption, significantly decreased creatine kinase, white blood cells,  neutrophils and monocytes following acute second strength activity (P<0.05). However, Lymphocytes did not change significantly (P>0.05).

It seems that curcumin supplementation consumption can reduce exercise-induced muscle injury and inflammation in male futsal players. So, it is recommended that male futsal coaches and players use curcumin supplements to reduce muscle damage and inflammation after an acute strength activity.

Infertility is one of the most common human problems that its prevalence is more in developing countries, especially Iran. Infertility affects the physical, mental and social health of individuals. Infertility affects not only physical but also mental and social health of individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy Based on Belief to Good on mental health and marital quality of infertile women. The present study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre and posttest and follow-up plan in terms of practical purpose and method, which is accompanied by a control group. The statistical population of this study included all infertile women referred to Samen Medicine Clinic, who were selected by convenience sampling method. In this study, 30 infertile women were selected voluntarily and divided into two experimental (N=15) and control groups (N=15). The research instruments include the Positive Psychotherapy Based on Belief to Good protocol, Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Busby et al Marital Quality Scale (RDAS). Questionnaires were completed before and after the intervention and also one month after the end of treatment. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-26 and repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that mental health and marital quality increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Therefore, it seems that Positive Psychotherapy Based on Belief to Good has a positive effect on mental health and marital quality of infertile women.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in children. Due to the high prevalence of the disorder and its psychological consequences and the lack of response to treatment in 20-30% of children to Ritalin, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Risperidone with Ritalin in the treatment of children with ADHD.

:In this clinical  trial study, 60 children, aged 6-12 years,   with ADHD based on  DSM-V criteria, Were randomly divided into two groups of Ritalin and placebo, Ritalin and Risperidone . The dose of Ritalin was started at 0.5 mg / kg daily and increased to a maximum of 1 mg / kg and     Risperidone dose was started at 0.25 mg daily and given up to a maximum of 1 mg daily.The severity of ADHD was assessed at baseline, 2 , 3 , 4  and 6-week after starting the drugs administration. The severity of the disorder was measured by the ADHD rating scale questionnaire. After collecting data, data were analyzed by SPSS-19 software.

Results

Analysis with repeated measure ANOVA showed no significant differences between the two protocols on the ADHD Rating Scale scores (P > 0.05). Significant improvement in ADHD symptoms was observed in both group over the 6 weeks of treatment (P< 0.05). No serious side effects were seen in this study.

Risperidone and Ritalin can be effective in treating children with ADHD and are well tolerated. Also, adding Risperidone to Ritalin can prevent side effects such as insomnia and anorexia and may require a lower dose of Ritalin to control symptoms .

Due to the increasing rate of addiction and its destructive consequences, recognizing the factors that contribute to addiction tendency among adolescents can be a useful step toward prevention of addiction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of religious well-being and self-differentiation in the relationship between boredom and addiction tendency.

The research design was descriptive – correlational. The statistical population was high school male students in Nourabad at the academic year 1397-1398 that a total of 360 students were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using Multi-dimensional Religious Well-being Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Boredom, Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised, and Addiction Proneness Scale. Then, collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and hierarchical linear regression.

The results showed a positive and significant relationship between boredom and addiction tendency (r= 0.44, p<0.01), a negative and significant relationship between religious well-being and addiction tendency (r= - 0.29, p<0.01) and between self-differentiation and addiction tendency (r= - 0.38, p<0.01). Also, based on hierarchical regression’ results the moderating role of religious well-being (β= 0.16, p<0.01) and self-differentiation (β= 0.25, p<0.01) in the relationship between boredom and addiction tendency was confirmed.

The present provided evidence for the moderating role of religious well-being and self-differentiation in the relationship between boredom and addiction proneness. Therefore; developing religious well-being and training self-differentiation among adolescents could be a good way to protect them in the face of boredom and addiction tendency.

Due to the relatively high complications of hypospadias surgery,the aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for hypospadias surgery complications in children undergoing surgery at Aliasghar hospital in Tehran in 2017.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 90 children over six months who underwent surgical treatment of hypospadias. Information on risk factors was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire at the time of admission and at the time of discharge. Also, surgical complications were evaluated two weeks after surgery and up to one year after that and entered in a questionnaire. Findings were analyzed using t-test and chi-square test or Fisher Exact test.

The only surgical complication was urethrocutaneous fistula, which was seen in 18.9% of patients. Risk factors associated with complications of hypospadias surgery include low birth weight, preoperative testosterone injection, presence of penoscrotal or scrotal hypospadias, Ducket`s surgical technique and  Prolonged retention of the urinary catheter, but the age of the child at the time of surgery, gestational age, and family history of hypospadias  were not associated with surgical complications.

It is recommended to be more careful in terms of surgical technique, especially in children with low birth weight and penoscrotal or scrotal hypospadias, and if possible, avoid testosterone before surgery and Ducket`s technique for surgery.

Asthma, as a physical illness, is affected by psychological issues. The prevalence of asthma in Iran is about 5.5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and self-care.

research method of the present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all patients with asthma in the specialized asthma clinic of Sayad Shirazi Hospital in Gorgan (N = 200). According to the sample size, 127 people were selected through the Grace-Morgan table and entered the study. The research instruments were Simet et al.Self-Care Behavior Questionnaire. For data analysis, path analysis method was used in Amos and SPSS-24 software.

The results of model analysis showed that the initial model has a good fit with the data. The study of mediating role also showed that resilience has a significant mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and self-care behavior.

The findings of this study suggest that in designing psychological interventions for people with asthma, the role of resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and self-care was considered.

Based on previous evidence, depression may be related to certain food cravings. Since food culture of every society could influence this association and there are few studies in Iran in this regard, present study performed to evaluate the relationship between depression and food craving.  

The study was cross-sectional and participants were 100 female students of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in the year 2013 that were entered into the study by random sampling method. Depression was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire and food craving was evaluated by a validated questionnaire named Food Craving Inventory (FCI-Persian). Methods for statistical analysis include Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. The Analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16 statistical software.  

The statistical significant correlation was not found between depression and food craving. However, depression had a significant positive correlation with jelly craving (r = 0.272 and P = 0.006) and inverse correlation with pickle craving  (r = -0.238, P = 0.017). The correlation between food craving and BMI was not statistically significant. However, the mean BMI was associated with the cocoa chocolate craving (r = -0.288, P=0.004). Additionally, significant association was found between the days’ number after the start of menstruation and food craving to some items such as kebob, red meat, pasta and rice.  

The findings of the present study showed that depressive states in students were associated with more jelly consumption and less consumption of pickles. It seems that the recommendation to consume foods with low carbohydrate and calorie content along with psychotherapy strategies to alleviate depression, can maintain health and prevent overweight and obesity in female students. In addition, further studies are needed to show that pre-menstrual food cravings, such as cravings for rice, pasta, and red meat, may be a physiological response of body to provide carbohydrate and micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and B vitamins in order to reduce the physical and psychological symptoms of pre menstrual syndrome.

Bowel obstruction is a common cause of emergency surgical interventions. The most common etiologies are adhesion bands, hernias, tumors and, in children, intussusception. Bezoar is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction. Some fruits such as persimmon tend to form bezoars, and as this fruit is used ubiquitously in Iran, we decided to evaluate the etiology and seasonal distribution of bowel obstruction in Kashan.

This cross-sectional study was performed on patients who were admitted due to intestinal obstruction in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, from April 2012 to March 2017. Relevant information including demographic data, etiology of bowel obstruction and the season of admission were obtained. Data were entered in SPSS software. For analysis, chi-squared test and Fisher test were used.

Three-hundred seventy patients with a mean age of 52.07 ± 10.05 years were included. Adhesion band was the most common etiology of bowel obstruction (26.2%), followed by intussusception (8.6%) and bezoar (7.2%). Adhesion band was the most common etiology in all seasons; bezoars were more common in fall and winter (8.7% and 7.8% respectively). The incidence of bezoar in our study is the highest ever reported in the literature.

Bezoar is a common cause of bowel obstruction in Kashan. As a higher incidence was observed in fall and winter, it is probably associated with ingestion of bezoar-inducing fruits such as persimmon. According to this high incidence and associated morbidity and mortality, preventive measures, including patient education and improvement of dental health seem to be essential.

Recently in 2019, a novel virus from coronavirus family (Sars-CoV-2) was introduced in China. ACE2 is a zinc metalloprotease played role in the angiotensin system. Earliest reports indicate that 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV tend to cells that express ACE2 on their surface. ACE2 is widely expressed in various organs such as the ovaries and other tissues of the female reproductive system and therefore can help Sars-CoV-2 to enter this system. COVID-19 infection can have dangerous effects on pregnant women or even cause infertility and other disorders of the female reproductive system.

In July 2020, we researched on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We excluded articles that had an unrelated title or abstract. Finally, we selected the studies that were most relevant to our research subject.

ACE2 facilitates the attachment of the corona virus to the host cell membrane. As a result, the virus will enter the genome of the target cell. ACE2 has been shown to be expressed in various organs of the female reproductive system, and therefore SARS-CoV-2 can enter these cells. Studies to date have shown an invasion of new coronavirus into granulosa cells and ovarian tissue, endometrial epithelial cells, vagina, uterus and placenta.

SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to impair female fertility. With the assist of ACE2, the virus invades the female genital tissues, can affect the process of steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis and ovulation, and may eventually lead to menstrual irregularities, miscarriages and even infertility. To date, there have been no reports of coronavirus in the female reproductive system. At present, there is no evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses ACE2 receptors in the reproductive system or how they affect oocyte quality, ensuing pregnancy, or fetal growth.