پژوهشنامه حلال
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

Today, many Muslims live in non-Muslim countries and naturally have to use vital resources and facilities to continue living there. One of these sources is practicing usury from non-Muslim monetary and financial institutions in those countries. Permission or prohibition of that is one of the major challenges for Muslims in those countries. In Shi'a jurisprudence, different theories have been put forward in explaining the permission (Helleiiat) of usury; the theory of not aiming the borrowing by Muslims, the theory of Trophy, the theory of seeking to extricate, the theory of necessity and the lack of hardship. This paper, by critically rethinking and rejecting the four mentioned theories, analyzes and permits the usury from non-Muslim monetary and financial institutions through the theory of real power and the purchase of money and its financial and exchange value. According to this theory, if the aforementioned power and value do not change in the short term, the permission of such facilities will be explained by the theory of necessity and lack of hardship.

Economic activities and having an income are an essential part of human life. Providing human needs, such as food, clothing, housing, learning, and more, can be achieved through such activities. Providing these needs from common resources is a prerequisite for the emergence of human differences in economic activities and receiving an income. The Islamic religion has given much importance to economic activities and generating an income. Religious sources have stated in the phrase "The poverty leads to the infidelity" that not paying attention to economic activities and income-generating, endanger human destiny. In religious propositions, in addition to vetoing economic activities and income, the process of preventing dispute has also been presented. Earning Halal income is the recommended process to prevent dispute in this religious propositions.The question that this paper will address is what are the factors of fair and legal transactions? According to religious beliefs, the main strategies for making a Halal income are "being expedient" and "not being corrupt." On the basis of them, it will be obtained many indicators of Halal trading. This research is a fundamental research which approach is descriptive and conducted in a library method.​​​​​​​

Religious instructions contain some orders in the field of nutrition, including the permission or prohibition of food consumption. It is certainly permitted to eat the meat of some animals such as sheep and prohibited to use the meat of some other animals such as pigs, but it is not clear the permission or prohibition of some other animals, such as giraffe, kangaroo, deer or animals which are the result of sheep and pigfertilization. In such cases that there is no specific authentic tradition, some have permitted eating them by using the Rule of Permission (Helleiiat) and others have forbidden them by using the Principle of Impurity (Tazkiah). This article seeks to study the fundamentals of the scholars’ ideas in relation to the mentioned rules and principles. In this paper, the author defends the theory of those who use "The Principle of Permission (Helleiiat)".

Health tourism is a new form of marketing in the tourism industry that has grown rapidly in recent years. Health tourism helps improve the wellbeing of those who are outside up their place of residence. The purpose of this study is to offer a model of health tourism with emphasis on verbal advertising in health centers. This study has practical proposes and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive and non-experimental. The researcher attempts to offer and analyze the factors influencing the concept of health tourism by emphasizing the role of verbal advertising by qualitative method and by interviewing twenty managers of health tourism centers and academic experts and using the "data base" approach. As a result of analyzing data through open source coding, the researcher offers the final results of his research in a model that has six main elements: market attractiveness, strategy, variety of services, territorial conditions of the country, verbal advertising, health tourism and 33 sub dimensions. According to the results of this study, it can be said that this can be an opportunity for health authorities in creating and increasing foreign exchange incomes for the country, provided the decision makers collect and classify factors affecting the concept of health tourism.

Today, tourism has become a high-investment industry and plays a key role in the growth and success of business in various aspects. Due to the diversity of climates and plants, Iran is a rich source of herbal treatment that can have high profitability and growth in the field of health by attracting tourists. Therefore, this paper aimed at explaining the factors affecting health tourism with medicinal plants approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of 385 experts, specialists, individuals related to tourism industry, health tourism and medicinal plants that were selected as sample size using Cochran formula and purposeful sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on content analysis of indicators affecting health tourism with emphasis on medicinal plants. The results showed that based on 34 identified factors, five indicators of medicinal herbs diversity, marketing and introduction, facilities, management model and need assessment and adaptation are effective in explaining health tourism with medicinal herbs approach. Also, based on the designed model, the identified indicators are an essential factor in identifying the factors affecting health tourism with the medicinal herbal approach.

The Islamic system has faced many problems in recent years, most of them are due to the oil-dependent economy. Halal tourism is one of the branches of economic activity that can guarantee the development of non-oil economy in the country. On the other hand, the high capacity of the mosques and sacred places of worship, such as the shrines of Imams, is a unique opportunity for Halal tourism, which, if opened to non-Muslim tourists, generates a great deal of added value in the economy and leads to preaching of Islam and pure Islamic culture. Regarding the prohibition of the polytheists and disbelievers to enter the mosques and the holy shrines of the infallibles, this paper uses a descriptive method to explain the jurisprudential ruleReconciling the Hearts and its use for the development of halal tourism by providing jurisprudential permission for the People of the Book to enter the mosques and Islamic sacred places. By examining the proofs of reconciling of the hearts as well as the arguments of the inability of the polytheists to enter the mosques, it was finally concluded that the People of the Book, who constitute the major part of foreign tourists, are excluded from the verses that prohibit the entering of those people to mosques. In this way, appropriate investment and targeting as well as using the beautiful artistic features and unique spiritual calm of those places, can be helpful for developing the halal tourism and the endogenous economy in the country and causes preaching Islamic culture to others.

The recent study aimed at determining the relationship between religious beliefs and the tendency to childbirth in married women referring to health centers in Behshahr city in 1397, with decreasing childbearing trend in recent years coinciding with changes in religious beliefs. This research is a cross-sectional, correlation study. The study population consisted of married women (in reproductive age) attending to health, treatment and education centers in Behshahr city in 1977. The samples were 280 people. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) using descriptive statistics and Pearson, Spearman and regression’s correlation tests. The mean age of women was 30.4±3 years and the mean age of marriage was 21.3±3.9 years. There was a significant difference between the mean score of religious beliefs and number of preferred children (P <0.5). People with weak religious beliefs had fewer wanted children and had one child and fewewr (1.1%). Stepwise regression analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between education and religious belief in childbearing. According to the findings, tendency to childbearing was influenced by the level of religious beliefs of women and this influence plays a greater role in the presence of economic, social variables, so designing educational interventions in order to implement the politics of childbearing enhancement based on social, cultural measures to promote religious beliefs can be a good solution.

The "family" is considered to be the most powerful and effective center of organizing a society, and in a clear relationship, the durability and consistency of a society depends on the strength of its foundations. On the other hand, the strength of family is influenced by various factors. This research is focused on answering the question of what effect halal income has on the strength of family foundations, using a documentary method and with reference to the Holy Qur'anic verses and Ahlul-Bayt traditions. The findings of the study show that attaining a halal sustenance is one of the most fundamental divine commandments and significant recommendations of the religious leaders. According to the findings of the paper, in the light of observing the rules of the halal sustenance, if the believers follow the epistemic recommendations of the religious leaders, the family has valuable components such as increased chastity, dignity, moderation, Patience, contentment and ..., which play a key role in strengthening and preventing its degeneration.