نشریه پژوهش سلامت
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، زمستان 1399)

Development is a process during which cultural beliefs, social, economic and political institutions are fundamentally transformed in accordance with new recognized capacities and during this process the level of welfare of society is improved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of health system transformation in the development program law with emphasis on school education.

In this descriptive study, content analysis method has been used. The research tool was Shannon Entropy, the validity of which was confirmed by 12 experts in educational sciences and 8 experts in health education. Finally, the content of the project was responsive (texts of the third, fourth and fifth rules of the development plan) and twelve components. The main and 58 sub-components of health education and health promotion were examined.

The results showed that of all the health assumptions in the third, fourth and fifth development laws, the component related to nutritional health with 48 cases has the highest frequency and the component related to disease control and prevention with 1 frequency has the lowest value.

The findings show that some components of the health system in the contents of the development plan have received little or no attention. At the same time, the design, planning and implementation of development programs in the health dimension depends more on health education than anything else.

Fatigue and deformities in the lower extremities such as the pronate foot can adversely affect the biomechanics of human movements and walking. Under fatigue conditions, the biomechanical differences of pronate and healthy feet are more easily identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of helpless fatigue protocol on all ankle muscle contractions in pronate and healthy individuals during walking.

Fourteen young men with pronate feet and 14 healthy men participated in this study. Electromyographic activity of selected muscles was recorded before and after the fatigue protocol. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results showed that after fatigue, all general contractions in pronate and healthy foot groups decreased significantly during the heel contact phase (P=0.040). Also, the directional contraction in both groups increased significantly during the heel separation phase (P=0.022) and oscillation (P=0.039) in the pretest compared to the posttest. The other components did not show any significant differences.

The change in all the contractions of the muscles around the ankle joint indicates an increase in pressure on its internal structures. Abnormal anatomical changes in the feet of these people after fatigue may put them at risk for overload or injury. Therefore, it is suggested that in examining the effects of fatigue on gait mechanics and the incidence of gait injuries, attention should be paid to all muscle contractions in the joints.

Providing unnecessary services in health systems is common, costly and even harmful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of physicians towards the use of unnecessary tests and processes.

The present study was a cross-sectional research. The study population was all physicians working in the health department of Tabriz. Sampling was performed using proportional random sampling method. Data were collected over a period of 6 months. The collected data were entered into SPSS software version 22 and the frequency and percentage of each dimension of the questionnaire were reported.

41% of the participants were female and the mean age of the participants was 43 years. Almost half of the physicians considered the existence of unnecessary services in the Iranian health system as a serious problem (45.8%). However, 33% of physicians state that if a patient requests an unnecessary service, they will prescribe that service with the necessary recommendations. Paying attention to patient safety is one of the most important reasons for not prescribing an unnecessary service (44%). A small percentage of physicians (25%) always talk to patients about unnecessary service costs. Existence of clear and evidence-based clinical guidelines (42.8%) and changing the financing system and rewarding for not using unnecessary tests or processes (36.1%) were cited as influential factors by physicians.

In general, physicianschr('39') attitudes toward non-essential services were moderate. Holding training courses to increase the awareness and attitude of physicians can be effective in raising the attitude.

Observing the real and human personality of the patient in terms of beliefs, culture, beliefs and moral standards is a very important factor in improving the disease. The present study was designed to collect and compare research on patient rights and human dignity in the health system from the perspective of Iranian researchers.

In this systematic review study, research articles on patient rights and human dignity in the health system in the period 2018-2008 in Magiran, Iran Medex, PubMed and SID databases with the keywords human dignity (human dignity) and Patientschr('39') rights were searched. Conducting research in Iran and research articles was the main criterion for inclusion in the study. After evaluating the inclusion criteria and quality of articles, the content of 38 articles was finally extracted and categorized.

Using the Newcastle Ottawa scale, 38 articles were approved, of which 13 articles were published in English and 25 articles in Persian. The results showed that the dimensions of patient rights and human dignity in the health system in Iran are divided into 6 dimensions: selection of service providers, authority, respect, safety, prevention and access.

Preservation of the patientchr('39')s human rights and dignity in the clinic will be realized whenever respect for equal human nature as the most fundamental rights of the patient and receiving patient-centered professional care as his exclusive right is observed.

One of the recent health related policies is the elimination of traditional insurance booklets by online registering the medical prescriptions by physicians and referring the patient to a pharmacy. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between professional errors and UTAUT factors for using the electronic version system of the Social Security Organization by pharmacists in Isfahan using the UTAUT model.

The method of this research was descriptive-correlation with applied purpose. The statistical population of the study was the technical managers of pharmacies in Isfahan which among them 384 subjects were selected using Morgan table. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of Venkatesh et al. with 22 questions for UTAUT agents and the professional error questionnaire of 5 questions of Peikari and colleagues whose validity and reliability were been confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire for all dimensions was more than 0.7. Research data were analyzed by structural equation modeling with Smart PLS software.

The findings showed that the expected effort and reduction of professional errors affect the expected performance of pharmacists (P <0.001). It also has a significant effect on expected performance, expected effort, facilitating factors and social factors on acceptance intention (P <0.001). Also, the intention of acceptance and facilitating factors have a significant effect on the acceptance of the system (P <0.001).

The design of the electronic version system of the Social Security Organization and also the initial mental perception of pharmacists of reducing operational errors due to the use of these systems can be effective on their intention to use these systems.

Structural and stature abnormalities due to inactivity are increasing among students. Therefore, active Kinect Xbox video games, due to their high attractiveness for children, cause learning and motivation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of selected Kinect Xbox games on the body structure of sedentary male students.

The statistical population was all fourth and fifth grade male students of Gonbad Kavous primary school who 26 sedentary students aged 10-12 years were selected by available method and were divided into two groups of 13 subjects. One group was engaged in regular school sports activities during the 6-week period and 3 sessions per week of selected Kinect Xbox games, and the other group was involved in regular school sports activities during this period. Investigation and determination of joint angles in dynamic body structure was done by recording in Kinovia software. Data were collected before and after the exercise program.  And data were analyzed via Anova statistical tests in Spss software.  

The results showed that in the dynamic situations of the body, there was a significant difference between the Xbox Kinect group with normal physical activity group in the angle of head position, scapula angle, lumbar angle, and foot pronation (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the quadriceps angle (Q) between the two groups.

The results revealed that Xbox Kinect games can be utilized as an effective method to correct physical structure deviations in inactive students.

Body image is a complex concept that includes biological, psychological, internal and external social factors and has a great impact on adolescentschr('39') mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index and body image with mental health in adolescent girls.

The present study is a descriptive-correlational study in which 152 people were selected as a cluster sample from among the first secondary school girls in Mazandaran province (Iran). These individuals filled demographic and demographic information, mental body image and general health questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression.

There is no significant relationship between body mass index and mental health. There was also no significant relationship between weight attitude and mental health. But there is a significant inverse relationship between the satisfaction score of different parts of the body (BASS) and the total score of general health and all its dimensions. The results of regression analysis also showed that the dimensions of the mental image of the body explain about 20% of the variance of general health.

The only factors affecting body image among the studied factors are body mass index and the amount of physical activity. The higher the body mass index, the more undesirable the mental image, and the more physical activity, the more desirable the mental image. Therefore, adding sports facilities in educational environments can improve the mental image of the body.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Iran. Time management in patients with myocardial infarction and the quality of services and correct and timely diagnosis are the most important issues in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time interval between the onset of symptoms and reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 98 patients with myocardial infarction and elevated ST segment who were referred to the emergency department. Samples were collected by census method during 6 months. Demographic information of patients and time from onset of pain to referral, time of ECG recording, time of diagnosis of myocardial infarction and time of arrival until receiving the intervention were completed by a checklist. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed with SPSS software version 20.

Out of 98 patients, 83 (84.7%) were male and 15 (15.3%) were female. The mean time interval between the onset of pain and referral, the time of ECG taking, the time of diagnosis of myocardial infarction and the time of arrival to receive the intervention were 51.39, 8.21, 14.48 and 116.19 minutes, respectively. Women and patients with a history of myocardial infarction were referred faster than others.

Due to the importance of time and prevention of deaths due to heart disease, it is possible to prevent disabilities and heavy treatment costs with educational programs to increase public awareness of the symptoms and the effect of starting treatment quickly and on time. Also, by increasing peoplechr('39')s access to medical centers, training medical staff, including doctors and nurses, with the latest treatment methods will reduce deaths due to heart attacks.