نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال هجدهم شماره 12 (پیاپی 137، اسفند 1399)

Pregnancy is a critical period with physical and psychological changes. Educating women by emphasizing that they and their husbands know enough about the changes during pregnancy will increase their psychological support. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group-counseling in the presence of spouse and client-oriented, using Cognitive - behavioral approach during pregnancy on promoting postpartum mental health.

The present study is a clinical trial that was performed on 60 pregnant women (40 in the intervention groups, 20 in the control group) who were randomly assigned to the group counseling in the presence of spouses, client-oriented group therapy and the control group( each group: n=20) according to the inclusion criteria. Cognitive–behavioral group counseling was performed by the midwife and under the supervision of a psychologist. The counseling was performed for the intervention group in eight sessions, each session lasting 90 min, once a week and during the third trimester. The control group received routine care and a counseling session. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire and Depression–Anxiety–Stress Scale 21 which were completed before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and on the 14th day after delivery in both groups. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests, independent t-test, paired T-test, and ANOVA.

The results of this study showed that the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression in the three groups in the post intervention stage in the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the control group(p<0.001). However, in terms of the difference in the effect of the intervention, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two methods of counseling (p> 0.05).

According to the research findings, cognitive–behavioral group counseling can be effective as an approach in improving the symptoms of stress, anxiety, and postpartum depression. Early identification of women with risk factors, designing educational interventions and early counseling can be effective in increasing the mental health of mothers in the postpartum period.

In December 2019, the COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, and the World Health Organization declared its outbreak an international concern. Pregnant women are among the high-risk groups that COVID-19 can have a significant impact on their health. Since COVID-19 can increase maternal and fetal mortality, this narrative review study was performed to evaluate the complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

This study reviews data from several reliable databases such as PubMed, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, and Scopus, without time limit until October 2020. The keywords included "Pregnancy", "Pregnant women", and "COVID-19". According to the inclusion criteria, finally, 26 articles were included in the study.

In this study, most reported maternal and fetal complications in pregnant women with COVID-19 include thrombotic events, acute respiratory distress syndrome, fetal distress, preterm delivery, postpartum fever, PROM, vaginal bleeding, and preeclampsia. The most common effect of COVID-19 during pregnancy is on the coagulation, immune and cardiopulmonary systems, which is mostly due to the stimulation of the immune system. It can also affect the coagulation system and cause thrombotic events.

It seems that COVID-19 can increase the severity of the disease and its complications in pregnant women and threaten the health of the mother and fetus.

Patients with diabetes face a variety of physical and psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, disability, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, which ultimately lead to decreased happiness and quality of life. While in positive thinking training, people are encouraged to recognize their strengths in life and their potential abilities through their positive and good experiences, and to their role in increasing and promoting self-esteem and self-esteem and improvement. They have become more aware of their lives and have considered happiness to be the main subject of positivist psychology. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the Effect of Positive Thinking Skills Training on Self-efficacy and Clinical Tests of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Mahabad, Iran in 2020.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with available sampling method that was performed on 60 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Mahabad who were eligible to participate in the study in 2016. Samples were entered into the study by convenience sampling, and then were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 intervention and control. In the intervention group, positive thinking skills training sessions based on the content extracted from the sources and books of positive psychology as well as consultation with professors and specialists in the field of positive psychology with an eight-session structure of each Two sessions per week and each session was performed in 60-45 minutes. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire and perceived self-efficacy questionnaire of patients with type 2 diabetes and were assessed as pre-test and post-test using SPSS-22 software and significance level was less than 0.05. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test and chi-square.

 The results of independent t-test showed that before the implementation of positive thinking skills training, the mean score of self-efficacy was not significantly different between the control and intervention groups (p = 0.681). But after the implementation of positive thinking skills training, there was a significant difference between the mean score of management self-efficacy between the two groups (p = 0.0001). The results of paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of patientschr('39') self-efficacy before and after the intervention within the control group (p = 0.555). But there was a significant difference between patientschr('39') self-efficacy scores before and after the intervention within the intervention group (p = 0.001). Also, the results of paired t-test showed that before and after the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride and glycosylated hemoglobin within the intervention and control groups (p <0.05).

 Positive thinking skills training has a positive effect on self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes, so it is recommended to use this method to increase self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

In late 2019, an acute respiratory syndrome caused by Corona virus 2 led to an epidemic in Wuhan, China. The prevalence of this disease is significantly higher than other infectious diseases. Aerosol production is significantly increased during laparoscopic and endoscopic surgeries and when diathermy are used. In the face of a corona pandemic, medical staff are subject to more physical injury and stress.

This qualitative phenomenological study was performed on 14 participants of operating room staff with purposive sampling until complete saturation of information. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and recorded using word software. The items were extracted and the colaizzi qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

By analyzing the main theme of the data entitled "Prosperity and the emergence of brilliant psychological-emotional-scientific function" including three subcategories "mental turmoil in the face of patients with Covid-19, the application of preventive measures to Inhibition of Covid-19 release, problems and negative effects of Covid-19 pandemic on operating room staff and their response were extracted.

Due to the occupational hazards of operating room staff and stress in dealing patients with Covid-19, it is recommended to use psychological counseling, hiring complementary staff and more welfare facilities for treatment staff.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide as well as in Iran. These patients have a wide range of sexual problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the state of sex function in patients with coronary artery disease.

In a descriptive correlation study, sexual function among patients with coronary artery disease were examined in 253 patients. The data were collected at the Tabriz Shahid Madani Hospital cardiac clinic during the first six months of 1397. Participants were involved with the study using the convenience sampling method. Demographic and treatment-related data with a demographic questionnaire and sexual function data in men and women with standard male sexual function questionnaire (MSHQ-Men Sexual Health Questionnaire) and standard questionnaire of female sexual function index (FSFI-Female Sexual Function Index), respectively, were collected by interview. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

In this study, out of a total of 253 patients, 54.5% were men and the remaining were women and the average age was 51.99±6.65. According to the male sexual function survey, the total sexual function score was 53.46 ±90 out of 80. The rating of the ejaculation dimension was superior to other dimensions. The overall score for the female sexual function was 24.42 ±4.43 out of 36. Women reported the highest score for sexual pain (5.55±.57) and the lowest score for sexual desire (2.83± 1.09). The total score on the questionnaire indicated that 74.4 women had a poor sexual function. Among all women, 27% had no sexual function during the last month. Sexual function was also significantly associated with certain demographic and pathological characteristics such as age, level of education, economic status, Ejection fraction, length of illness, and history of infarction.

Sexual function in these patients, particularly in women, is severely affected. Health care providers should be more attention to the sexual problems of these patients.

Diabetes is one of the diseases in which the self-care aspect is important. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that improve self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to predict self-care behaviors based on self-compassion and health locus of control in patients with diabetes.

The method of this study was descriptive and correctional. The sample size of this study included 200 diabetic patients referred to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. Diabetes self-care questionnaire, self-compassion questionnaire, and health locus of control questionnaire were used for data collection. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 22.

The results showed that self-care behaviors of diabetic patients can be predicted by the linear combination of predictor variables. Multiple regression was used to investigate the predictive role of the components of health locus of control and self-compassion. Based on the results of the regression model, a significant model (F = 789.5 p <0.01) was obtained that was able to predict 17.8% of the changes in self-care.

Peoplechr('39')s beliefs in how much they can control their phenomena and problems, as well as adopting a self-compassionate approach to lifechr('39')s problems can predict self-care behaviors.

Consumption of appropriate amounts of fruits and vegetables in the daily diet is one of the most important strategies to prevent disease and improve health, especially in adolescence.The purpose of this study was using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain intent to consume fruits and vegetables among secondary school students.

This descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional) study was conducted on 416 secondary school students selected using multi-stage cluster sampling in the city of Khoy in 2019. Data collection instrument was a three-part questionnaire including students' characteristics; students' beliefs toward fruits and vegetables based on the TPB with; and the amount of daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression in the SPSS (version 22.0).

The results of this study showed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables among students was unfavorable for health and the consumption of fruits was 0.41 units and vegetables 0.77 units in total 1.18 units per day. In addition, the findings indicated that students' attitude and perceived behavioral control (P<0.001) had a statistically significant association with intent to consumption of fruits and vegetables, and those constructs explained 23% of variance of students' intention.

Among the variables related to the TPB, attitude and perceived behavioral control were effective factors on students' intention toward consumption of fruits and vegetables. Hence, by using the present findings, health care providers can plan, implement and evaluate suitable interventions to reduce the consumption of fruits and vegetables in students.

The participation of men in prenatal care has always been the focus of international organizations to promote the health of mothers and children. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of fathers' participation in prenatal care on anxiety and maternal-fetal attachment in unwanted first pregnant women during Covid-19 Pandemic.

The population of the present study was all the unwanted first pregnant women who referred to the gynecology clinic of Amiralmo'menin Hospital in Semnan. According to the research criteria, 60 people were purposefully selected and by simple random sampling (cards shuffling) divided into experimental and control groups. The fathers and mothers of the experimental group underwent prenatal care training by midwives during 8 sessions of 20 - 30 minutes, and the women in the control group underwent the same training without the presence of their husbands. One day before and one day after the end of the research, anxiety and maternal-fetal attachment were measured by Spielberger and Cranley questionnaires, respectively.

The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that after the intervention, women in the experimental group had a significant decrease in anxiety and a significant increase in fetal attachment compared to the control group (p≤0.007).

According to the present results, it can be said that the participation of father in prenatal care can be an effective and low-cost way to reduce anxiety and improve maternal-fetal attachment in first-time pregnant women in unwanted pregnancies and Covid-19 Pandemic Increases pregnancy anxiety, is used.