نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 153 (خرداد و تیر 1400)

Cyclophosphamide is one of the common medications in chemotherapy and suppression of the immune system in organ transplantation. The clinical use of cyclophosphamide has been reduced due to its many side effects due to reproductive, hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicity in patients and animal models. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ghrelin against cyclophosphamide-induced damage to renal tissue.

Thirty-two (2-month-old) male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) control 2) cyclophosphamide (3) cyclophosphamide + ghrelin 4) ghrelin. Cyclophosphamide once a week (100 mg/kg) and ghrelin (80 μg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally daily for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks, the kidneys were removed and after weighing, tissue alterations were examined by hematoxylin-eosin and Schiff periodic acid staining.

Studies showed that cyclophosphamide significantly reduced body weight and kidney weight and also significantly increased tissue damage (p < 0.05). Ghrelin treatment significantly improved the above parameters (p < 0.05).

The results of this study showed that ghrelin can reduce the destructive effects of cyclophosphamide on renal tissue.

Depression is a common sign in Alzheimer's patients and there are many mutual mechanisms for both illnesses progression. Electroshock therapy is an effective procedure for alleviation of depression, so we used it for treatment of depression in alzheimer’s male rats.

For this purpose, 48 male Wistar rats divided in 6 groups : 1- control, 2- Depressed, 3- Alzheimer, 4- Alzheimer+shock, 5- Alzheimer+depression and 6-alzheimer+depression+shock. Dementia and depression were induced through I.C.V. injection of streptozotocin and i.p injection of reserpine respectively. Finally, the animals were subjected to memory and depression behavioral tests and their’ data were comparisoned by statistical tests.

Obtained data from sucrose preference test elevated plus maze and open field showed that, electroshock therapy could yield a significant alleviation effect on mode condition of depression in Alzheimer’ rats.

The respectable alleviation activity of depression-like behavior due to electroshock in Alzheimer's rats which concomitant with depression, shows that this method can be used potentially in these male rats.

Disruption of the myostatin/SMAD pathway can lead to heart failure. Diabetes can disrupte this pathway. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training HIIT (on myostatin and SMAD2/3 proteins in the left ventricular tissue of the heart muscle of type 1 diabetic rats.

In this study, 12 Spragodoli male rats (2-month old) with a mean weight of 300±20 g were selected.  Through streptozotocin solution, they were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic endurance training (6 heads) and diabetic control (6 heads); The training groups performed the training program 4 days a week for 6 weeks, including 5 interval 4-minute with an intensity of 85 to 95% of the maximum speed, and 3-minute active rest periods with an intensity of 50 to 60% of the maximum speed; Independent t-test was used to analyze the data.

Six weeks of HIIT training lead to a significant reduction in myostatin protein content between training and control groups in myocardial tissue (P=0.044). Also, HIIT training resulted in a significant decrease in SMAD2/3 protein content between training and control groups in myocardial tissue (P=0.001).

It can be said that HIIT training by reducing the content of myostatin and SMAD2/3 proteins in the left ventricle of the heart has been able to prevent cardiac atrophy in type 1 diabetic subjects. This reduction can lead to physiological cardiac hypertrophy.

There are many reports for mutual mechanisms for seizure and pain alleviation. Also with respect to the herbal medicine recommendation in new medicine, in this study we used the extract of an important candidate fumaria officinal for relief of pain and seizure in mice.

In our experiments 40 mice were divided to 5 groups (n=8): 1-control 2- positive control and three groups of extract treatment respectively 200, 600 and 800 mg/kg. All of the animal groups were conducted to formalin and tail immersion tests for assessment of pain and finally seizure analysis were done by injection of PTZ (100 mg/kg) to the animals and initiation time (s) for myoclonus, clonus and the tonus signs were measured for seizure analysis.

Our results indicated that the extract in three doses (200, 600 and 800 mg/kg) can reduced the formalin acute and chronic pain. Also the start time for seizure signs i.e, myoclonus, clonus and seizures could elevated markedly in lower doses of the extract (200 and 600 mg/kg).

In addition, treatment of the mice with hydroalcoholic extract of fumaria officinalis leaf could significantly reduce the acute and chronic pain and increase the initiation time of the seizure signs.

Diabetes is a group of chronic diseases that as a debilitating disease has many negative consequences for the patient. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of autogenic training and affect regulation training on improving blood sugar indices in women with type 2 diabetes.

The design of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group. The population of the present study included all women referred to the Iranian Endocrine Institute located in 2019. As a sample group, 33 patients were selected by convenient sampling methods and randomly assigned into two groups of autogenic training and affect regulation training and a control group was assigned. Before and after the intervention sessions, blood glucose indices including two-hour blood sugar and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were taken from all participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and analysis of covariance.

The results showed that autogenic training and affect regulation training were effective in reducing blood sugar indices in women with type 2 diabetes (P <0.05) but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two interventions.

According to the results of this study, autogenic training and affect regulation training can be effective interventions in reducing blood sugar indices in women with type 2 diabetes.

Puberty is affected by obesity. The aim was to investigate the interactive effect of stevia aqueous extract consumption and aerobic exercise on insulin resistance index and body composition of obese boys and girls during puberty.

Semi-experimental research; 60 obese boys and girls aged 12-17 years who were divided into four groups: aerobic exercise, stevia, aerobic exercise + stevia, and control. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured and the insulin resistance index was calculated by the HOMA-IR method. Subjects practiced three sessions a week for 12 weeks with an intensity of 60 to 85% of maximum heart rate. Supplement for 12 weeks daily 12 cc of the water-soluble extract was taken 3 times after the main meal. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni test at the significant level of p

The decrease in body mass index, body fat mass, insulin, and serum glucose as well as the increase in net body mass in the aerobic + stevia exercise group were significant in girls and boys (p < 0.05). HOMA-IR reduction was significant in all groups except the control group, but there was no significant difference between the changes in the two groups of aerobic exercise and control.

Aerobic exercise and consumption of aqueous stevia extract made favorable changes in the subjects' HOMA-IR and body composition, but some of these changes are due to the natural growth process during puberty.

Myocardial infarction is one of the main causes of mortality in the world and endurance exercise is one of the ways to prevent it. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training on oxidative stress induced by infusion ischemia in the heart of healthy male rats.

32 two-month-old male Wistar rats were used. Rats after one week of adaptation to the new conditions were randomly divided into four treatment groups with eight mice each: 1) health control group, 2) unhealthy control group, 3) health training group, and 4) unhealthy training group. The health training and unhealthy training groups were subjected to endurance training for eight weeks. To induce ischemia, each mouse received isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for two consecutive days. At the end of the experimental period, after anesthesia and isolation of rat and washing with ice-cold saline, then homogenization of heart tissue was performed. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase enzymes were measured using specific kits and supernatants to evaluate the level of antioxidant activity. ELISA method were used and data analyzed with ANOVA test at the significant level of p < 0.05.

Cardiac ischemia significantly reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation compared to the control (p=0.001) and exercise groups (p=0.002). Also, eight weeks of endurance training without ischemia increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (p=0.002) and decreased myeloperoxidase compared to the ischemia group (p=0.001).

Increasing endurance training by reducing oxidative stress can have significant therapeutic effects against isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress damage and possibly reduce the complications of ischemic heart failure.

Cancers represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality, cause more than 12% of deaths in the world. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective drug in the treatment of various cancers whose usage has been limited due to cardiac toxicity. Troxerutin (TRX) is derived from rutin flavonoids and has multiplex pharmacological properties. The present study aimed to investigate the combined effect of troxerutin and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on DOX-induced cardiac toxicity and the expression of antioxidant genes in rat hearts.

Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): 1) Control, 2) DOX, 3) HIIT + DOX, 4) TRX + DOX, and 5) HIIT + TRX + DOX. After the last session of HIIT, the trained and time-matched control rats were injected with DOX (20 mg/kg, ip). The Creatine kinase (CKMB) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) changes were measured by spectrophotometry and ELISA. Expression of antioxidant genes was measured by Real-Time PCR.

DOX injection increased serum CKMB and LDH in rats in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05) and (P <0.01), respectively. HIIT exercise and troxerutin, alone or in combination, reduced the serum CKMB and LDH levels (p < 0.05) and their combined effect was greater than those of individual treatments (p < 0.01). DOX injection decreased the expression of Nrf2 and Foxo1 antioxidant genes as compared with a control group (P <0.01). HIIT exercise and troxerutin consumption alone increased the expression of the Foxo1 gene as compared with the DOX group (P <0.05) and their combined effect was greater than either alone (P <0.01). HIIT exercise and troxergotTroxerutin consumption alone increased the expression of the Nrf2 gene insignificantly, but their combined effect was significantly increased (P <0.01).

The combined effect of HIIT exercise and troxerutin is a promising strategy to prevent DOX-induced cardiac toxicity and increase the expression of antioxidant genes in rat hearts.

Prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with age, sex, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, capsule invasion, multifocality, and history of radiation. Today, for prognostic evaluation of different tumors, various markers such as cytokeratin 7 are used. So, in this study our aim was evaluation of cytokeratin 7 expressions in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its correlation with prognostic factors.

In this cross-sectional study, 87 paraffin blocks from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma referred to Mostafa Khomeini hospital were evaluated for Cytokeratin7 expression by immunohistochemistry method. Expression of this marker was determined as poor (+), moderate (++), strong (+++) and severe (++++). Then the association of cytokeratin 7 with some prognostic factors was evaluated

The patient's mean age was 40.13± 16.97 and 87.4% of patients were female. Cytokeratin 7 expression was seen in all samples. 86.2% of samples showed poor and moderate expression and 13.8% of them showed strong and severe expression. Reduced expression of cytokeratin 7 was significantly associated with an increase in age and lymph node involvement but was not associated with sex, tumor size, and capsule invasion.

Cytokeratin 7 expression is prevalent in papillary thyroid carcinoma samples and it is associated with lymph node involvement but it is not associated with tumor size and capsule invasion as important prognostic factors in papillary thyroid carcinoma. So, definite conclusion in this regard needs long-term studies.