International Journal of Health Studies
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Apr-Jun 2021

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease augmenting the risk of fractures. The biological mechanisms of bone osteogenic response to mechanical loads are not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of four months of TRX training on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and its relationship with serum adiponectin in osteopenic women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 osteopenic women were selected by purposive sampling and then randomly divided into two groups of TRX (n=15), and control (n=15). The experimental group performed TRX exercise protocol for four months, three sessions a week, and 45-60 minutes per session. At the beginning and end of the intervention, blood samples were obtained to determine serum adiponectin using a specific ELISA kit (Bio vendor, Czech Republic). The bone mineral density of the lumbar was assessed by 2D Dexa instrument (LEXXOS DIGITAL, USA). Data analysis was performed applying paired and independent sample student t-test and Pearson correlation in SPSS 20 software.

Lumbar BMD (Pvalue=0.000) and serum adiponectin level (Pvalue=0.000) significantly increased in the TRX group compared to the control. In within-group comparison, significant elevations were observed in lumbar BMD (Pvalue=0.000) and serum adiponectin level (Pvalue=0.004) after TRX exercise. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between lumbar BMD and serum adiponectin in osteopenic women (Pvalue=0.000).

According to the results, it seems that TRX exercise can improve lumbar BMD and serum adiponectin levels in osteopenic women.

Well-being is the biggest and most important goal of human being life that affects a person's health more than anything else does. This study aimed to investigate the role of mindfulness and its dimensions in students' psychological well-being.

The research method was correlation and the statistical population included all students of Kharazmi University. The sample consisted of 240 students (126 females and 114 males) who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The research instruments were the five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) (Bauer et al. 2006) and Ryff's scale of the psychological well-being (Ryff, 1980). Data analysis was performed using independent groups of t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression.

The obtained results showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in the variables of mindfulness and psychological well-being. There is a positive and significant correlation between psychological well-being and the overall score of mindfulness as well as the dimensions of observing, describing, acting with awareness, and non-reactive.

The variables of acting with awareness and describing mindfulness dimensions were able to explain about 24% of the variance of psychological well-being in two steps

Addiction and its negative consequences are a global problem and mindfulness is one of the methods that seeks to reduce its negative consequences using cognitive and behavioral techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on anxiety, depression, and the likelihood of relapse.

The research method was quasi-experimental and a pre-testpost-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population consisted of all people referring to addiction treatment clinics in Kerman and a sample of 50 people (25 people in the control group and 25 people in the experimental group) were selected through voluntary sampling. The experimental group received MBSR during 8 sessions of psychotherapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments were Slip and return questionnaire (Wright, 2001), Beck depression inventory (Beck, 1961) and Beck anxiety inventory (Beck, 1988). In addition, analysis of variance was used to compare the scores of individuals in the experimental and control groups.

The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) treatment was effective in reducing anxiety (F (1, 48)=3.15, p<05), depression (F (1, 48)=608.71, p<05) and the likelihood of drug addicts returning) F (1, 48)=18.20, p<05).

Mindfulness is a kind of non-judgmental consciousness that teaches people to cope with negative thoughts and feelings and instead experience positive mental events. As a result, learning leads to less stress, less depression, and the likelihood of relapse through cognitive change in thinking style when faced with problems.

Increased age of marriage can disrupt the normal functioning of the family as a crucial and vital institution in many cases and dysfunctional families may be associated with many social outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy on the psychological capital of girls with delayed marriage.

The research method was experimental with a pretestposttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of girls over thirty years old who visited health centers and psychological clinics of Tehran in 2019. Using the convenience sampling method, 45 participants were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy) and a control group (n=15 per group). Both experimental groups separately underwent eight sessions (60-minute sessions per week) of religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy. The control group did not receive any treatment. The research instrument included the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS 24.0. The significant level was set at 0.05.

The results showed that religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy had significant effects on the three variables of self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism in intervention groups at post-test (Pvalue<0.05). But these interventions did not significantly increase hopefulness.

According to the results, religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy increased the psychological capital of girls with delayed marriage

Infection and death of health care workers (HCWs) with COVID-19 is an important health problem and will lead to inadequate care of patients, causes more damage and more spread of this pandemic. This study aimed to combine data on COVID-19 infection among HCWs through a systematic review and meta-analysis study.

We searched PubMed via MEDLINE, the SCOPUS, and Web of science (ISI) to identify the studies on the prevalence of HCWs infection among COVID-19 patients. We used an eight-item checklist critically appraised to assess the quality of publications on the COVID19 infection among HCWs. Random-effect models and meta-regression were used for the meta-analysis of the results.

Overall, 98 articles were retrieved from the databases, of which, seven met the eligibility criteria published between December 2019 to March 2020. The total sample size of the included studies contained 72677 COVID-19 confirmed cases, of which 3131 were HCWs. The pooled COVID-19 infection prevalence among HCWs was 4% (95% CI: 3% to 5%).

According to the results, COVID-19 infection in HCWs was 4% of all cases in the early phase of the pandemic. So HCWs need special care including regular screening and appropriate, adequate, and standard personal protective equipment (PPE).

 A breast cancer diagnosis can be a disturbing and stressful time for women. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment depression and optimism during chemotherapy among women with breast cancer.

 This study was a quasi-experimental one with a group of pre-test, post-test, and controls. In this study, 26 women with breast cancer detection were identified from the referring patients to the Imam Hossein Hospital's oncology and radiotherapy division in Tehran, 2019-2020.  Using the method of convenience sampling, the experimental (n=13) and control groups (n=13) were randomly allocated. The study group regularly engaged in mindfulness sessions for 8 weeks (each session lasting 90-120 minutes). In the BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-II and happiness questionnaires, customers/clients in both the experimental and control groups completed.  Data were analyzed by using a univariate covariance test in SPSS 23 software.

 According to the findings, there was a significant difference in depression and optimism among breast cancer patients, (Pvalue<0.05). Also, the mean overall depression score for women with breast cancer in the therapy session was considerably lower than the pre-test score, although optimism was significantly higher than the pre-test score (Pvalue<0.05).

 The results of this study support the use of MBSR to minimize symptom burden in women with breast cancer. As a result, the effectiveness of MBSR in reducing depression symptoms and improving confidence has been approved.

 Diabetes is one of the chronic multifactorial metabolic diseases that in addition to affecting the clinical condition of the individual, incurs many costs to different communities around the world and also in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy on the body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes.

 This study was an applied and controlled clinical trial one with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and random assignment and quarterly follow-up. The participants were selected from among patients referring to Mashhad diabetes research center. The patients were randomly divided into two experimental (n=40) and control group (n=20). The experimental groups received weekly sessions for 2 months (8 sessions), while the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect the data, in addition to the demographic questionnaire, the standard Dutch Eating Behavior questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed and examined by SPSS 21 and statistical tests. Significant level was set at 0.05.

 Based on the study, it was found that there was a significant difference between the mean of intervention and control groups (Pvalue<0.05). In other words, dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy significantly reduced the body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes.

 According to the results, it seems that dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy can be used as effective psychological interventions to reduce body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients, which requires further investigation.

Backgrounds: 

The study aimed to determine the prevalence and covariates of metabolic syndrome among the elderly residents in nursing homes in Semnan Province, Iran.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted among aged participants institutionalized in nursing home in 2018. The study participants’ characteristics were assessed using a demographic assessment form. Moreover, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, Mentally Assessing Nutritional Assessment (MANA), Katz's Index of Independence in Activity of Daily Living, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and well-being were applied to assess the participants’ physical and mental status. In addition, Para-clinical and biochemical tests for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome used based on the Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII).

 In this study, of 129 eligible participants, 27.7% were suffering from metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of MS in male and female subjects were 26.6% and 28%, respectively.  The results of the study indicated a significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and nutritional statues (Pvalue=0.004), mental status (Pvalue=0.001) and ADL (Pvalue=0.003). Moreover, the results showed no significant relationship between well-being and metabolic syndrome. Of all variables of the study, significant relationship between smoking habit, lack of daily activity, abdominal obesity, high systolic and blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) HDL-cholesterol, Waist Circumference (WC), systole blood pressure (SBP) were found to be statistically significant.

 The findings of the study indicated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among institutionalized elderlies is high. It is recommended to implement preventive and therapeutic measures in this vulnerable group of elderly people.