فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیست و دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 72، پاییز 1399)

Due to the epidemic of COVID-19, health authorities have enacted laws for social distance from people.. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the level of physical activity during social distance caused by COVID-19 in Mrkazi Province, and the impact of physical activity on mental welfare.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 558 adult residents of Markazi Province (20-60 years old) participated in a snowball sampling strategy to answer an online questionnaire. Physical activity was assessed using a valid 5-item questionnaire. The short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale used for measuring mental The relationship between physical activity and mental health was studied using Pearson correlation.

In the study sample, 58.42% were female and 41. 58% were male. 97% of participants indicated that they adhered to social distancing guidelines. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the total time of physical activity in January 2020 significantly decreased compared to that in March 2020 in community-dwelling adults in Mrkazi province (P=0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between the level of physical activity and mood score in men and women (r=0.14, p=0.001).

In the present study of adults in Markazi Province and at the time of social distancing due to COVID-19, those who were physically active had better mental health. These results suggest that even light physical activity during the COVID-19 epidemic may help reduce the negative mental health effects associated with social distancing and quarantine adherence.

The armed forces, depending on their duties and missions, need some level of physical fitness.The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of six weeks of resistance training and blood flow restriction with active and passive rest on the levels of growth hormone and physical fitness of soldiers.

Totally, 24 healthy young people were divided into three groups of eight subjects: traditional resistance training (RT), resistance training, and blood flow restriction with passive (BFR+PR) and active rest (BFR+AR). The training programs were performed for six weeks, three sessions per week with an intensity of 70-80% 1RM for RT and 20-30% 1RM for two other groups. Before and after six weeks, physiological and anthropometric characteristics, anaerobic and explosive power, and growth hormone levels (ELISA) were measured.

The results showed that six weeks of training had a significant effect on growth hormone level (p=0.02), so that the level for the BFR+AR group is more than it for the RT group. However, there was no significant difference between the BFR+PR and the other two groups. Also, six weeks of training significantly increased the amount of Sargent jump and peak power in all three groups, that is the minimum power in BFR+PR group and average power in BFR+AR and BFR+PR groups. However, these increases in anaerobic power, minimum power, average power, and Sargent jump were not significant among groups.

According to the principle of training efficiency and similar adaptations to RT and BFR+PR, the combining resistance training with BFR+AR can be a good alternative to these exercises.

The military health system of any country has a decisive role in the health of those countries. Every army needs a proper model of health system due to the the role of defense and health. The aim of this study was to conduct a quantitative study based on the opinions of health experts in the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

This qualitative study was conducted from 2018 to 2019. Information on the military health systems of the world was extracted from the Military Health System Website, military interviews, reports, and articles of the military health system from various countries. Then, based on the collected information, a draft semi-structured interview was extracted within the framework of the functions and objectives of the proposed military health system. After preparing the semi-structured interview questions, an interview was prepared from selected health experts of the Armed Forces. The data were coded using Maxqda12 software. Codes were linked to themes and sub-themes within a thematic framework.

There were 10 semi-structured interviews with military health experts. After conducting the interviews, coding and categorizing the data, four themes were identified, including incumbency, resource production, and financing as well as service delivery, which together with 23 sub-themes formed the military health system framework.

Applying the right model for the health care system of the Armed Forces can create a structure that is appropriate for the country conditions and pave the way for achieving security and health care goals. As a result, it can be a model for other health care systems.

The role of exercise intensity on the changes related to the health and appetite involved in the metabolism of individuals is unclear. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of traditional resistance training with high-intensity periodicity on the factors involved in fat metabolism in obese and overweight women.

From among obese and overweight women, 30 persons were selected in an available method and randomly divided into three groups of high-intensity interval resistance training (45 minutes), traditional resistance training (75 minutes), and control . After the initial sampling, the intervention groups were active for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken 48 hours after the last training session to remove the response to the last training session.

The results showed that ghrelin, weight, fat percentage, and body mass index in high-intensity interval resistance training group were significantly lower than all other groups (p<0.05). There is a significant increase in serum adiponectin in the traditional group and high-intensity interval resistance training group compared to the control group. The increase in nesfatin-1 in the high-intensity interval resistance training group led to a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05), but compared to the traditional group, these differences were not significant.

It seems that exercise intensity is an important factor influencing changes in fat metabolism and appetite control in obese women groups. However, further research is needed to reach a definitive conclusion.

Aging is inevitable for every human being. Today, the growing population of the elderly is one of the serious challenges of health systems.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality (dream creation) on the happiness of female elders.

This quasi- experimental study was applied in a pretest-posttest-follow up design with a control group waiting for treatment. The statistical population was 250 female elders over 65 years old from Sari, all without any severe heart or mental diseases. The individulas were volunteered to participate in the study through the call of social networks from December 2019 to February 2020. Based on the purposive sampling, 30 of them who received the lowest score in the Oxford happiness questionnaire were randomly divided into two homogeneous groups (in terms of age, employment status, and education) of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The intervention was performed only on the experimental group, and after one month, a follow-up study was applied.

Data analysis indicated that the use of virtual reality (dream creation) had a significant positive effect on increasing the happiness of female elders (p<0.001, F=132.127). In addition, the results were stable one month after the intervention.

According to the results of the study, the intervention is recommended to promote health in the elderly population.

Shyness is one of the problems that most children experience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Floortime play therapy based on developmental individual relationship on the improvement of preschool childrenchr('39')s shyness.

The statistical population consisted of all preschool children in Mashhad. 30 children were selected by random cluster sampling and Chick-Briggs shyness scale and divided into control and experimental groups (15 experimental, 15 control). The experimental group received Floortime play therapy for eight weeks, two sessions per week and 45 minutes per session. The results were obtained by pretest-posttest design and t-test statistical analysis.

Chick-Briggs scores on shyness in the two experimental and control groups and comparing them with each other showed that Floortime play therapy had a significant effect on the shyness of preschool children (p<0.005). The results in the experimental group also indicated a significant improvement in shyness syndrome.

In summary, the results of this study showed significant changes in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results also confirm Floortime play therapy based on developmental individual relationship on improving the shiness of preschool children. Therefore, According to evolutionary approaches, we can improve this important principle in a childchr('39')s interpersonal relationships with interventions such as play therapy.

COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease caused by the Corona virus, has become a major global threat. The coronavirus mainly targets the human respiratory system. Cytokine storm and other altered immune responses have been shown to be associated with pathogenesis of diseases. The immune and the digestive systems both have been shared the important functions in terms of nutrients acquisition and host defense as gut microbiota. The main purpose of this study was to state the importance of healthy nutrition to boost immunity and its effect on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

In this review study, articles were collected by searching databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus using the keywords COVID-19 pandemic, Immunity system, Nutrients, and Nutritional supplement. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 82 qualified articles related to the subjected were evaluated.

  Micronutrients and macronutrients such as vitamins as well as other elements such as zinc, iron, selenium, and copper, proteins, and omega-3 long chain fatty acid play an important role in strengthening the immune system and increasing resistance to respiratory infections such as COVID-19.

  A healthy diet to maintenance the host macro- and micro- nutrient and probiotics in food can be an effective and promising agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease.

Pilots are the most important asset of the aviation industry, and and their coronary artery disease endangers aviation safety. The aim of this study was to get acquainted with the conditions of pilots returning to flight status after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

A comprehensive review of databases for the studies was conducted until the end of 2019. Also, a review of aviation medical regulations and of instructions of specialized books on aerospace medicine was performed.

Military pilots are rarely able to return to flight after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. On the otherhand, in the case of civilian pilots, at the end of six months of successful rehabilitation, those who were asymptomatic with ejection fraction≥50% in echocardiography, normal exercise tolerance test, no inducible ischemia in stress echocardiography or myocardial perfusion imaging, no arrhythmias in holter monitoring, and acceptable blood biochemistry tests, can return to the flight with a restriction of flighting with presence of more than one pilot with no medical restrictions as well as regular annual medical examinations. Otherwise, they will be unqualified forever from the flight.

From the age of 40, pilots have a higher incidence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease, sudden cardiac death from arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events than normal population. Young military pilots are in better conditions in personal and organizational health monitoring. But, unfortunately, if they had coronary artery bypass graft surgery, due to disability after surgery and side effects of prescribed drugs, they would have very little chancec of returing to the flight.

The main feature of pervasive anxiety disorder is extreme anxiety, which is difficult to control, causes mental torment, and disrupts a personchr('39')s life. The aim of this research was a  comparative study on the effectiveness of unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment and emotion regulation intervention in patients with emotional disorders comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder.

This is an applied study according to the purpose of assessment and a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period (three months) according to the method. Among eligible patients and using Cohenchr('39')s table, 30 subjects were selected by random sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups. The Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) was used to measure variables and the repeated measures  method was applied to analyzed the data.

The results indicated that the effectiveness of interventions in patients emotional disorders comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder.

The most important point of the study was the effectiveness of previously mentioned interventions. By considering limitations specific treatments the advantages of these approaches, such as applicability to a wide range of disorders and its easy learning capability, therapists should try to consider these methods as effective treatments.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Due to the difference in its frequency in different regions of the world, obtaining a frequency pattern of this kind of cancer in Iran can play an important role in prevention and screening measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency  of thyroid cancers in military hospitals.

A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Data was collected and analyzed about patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in Aja selected hospitals from 2013 to 2019.

A total of 58 patients (mean age 52.5 years) were included in the study. Women were in the majority with the rate of 62.1% subjects. Papillary carcinoma, Anaplastic, and hurthle cell carcinoma were more common in women. On the other hand, follicular carcinoma, lymphoma, and medullary were more in men. The frequency of different types of cancer was as follows: papillary carcinoma (58.6%), follicular (15.5%), medullary (6.9%), anaplastic (8.6%), hurthle cell carcinoma (5.2%), and lymphoma (5.2%).

The prevalence of papillary carcinoma was higher than other types of diseases, and the average age of patients was lower than in previous studies.