مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 114، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1400)

Covid-19 disease is highly debated with its increasing prevalence and the damage it inflicts on life, financial and psychological resources; so, The aim of the present study is to predict life expectancy based on perceived social support and mental health among those recovering from Covid-19 disease.

The statistical population of the present study was 117 people with improved covid-19 disease, 90 of whom were the statistical sample size of the present study according to Morgan table. The present study was conducted in 1399 in Bushehr province and sampling was done based on available sampling method. The study's tools included three written perceptions of perceived social support, Zimet (1988) (MSPSS), Goldberg's Mental Health (1972) (GHQ-12), and Snyder's Life Hope Questionnaire (1991). The present study was a descriptive study and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that perceived social support and mental health are correlated with life expectancy. It was also found that perceived social support and mental health predicted 49(P=0/000) and 36(P=-0/006)  percent of life expectancy changes, respectively.

The findings of the present study indicate that by providing suitable grounds for improving quality, strengthening and creating the characteristics of perceived social support and mental health in those recovering from covid-19 disease, life expectancy can be expected in They improved

The purpose of this study  was the investigation of obesity prevalence and some related factors in Bojnord female.

The samples consisting of 380 females of 3050 years of age, were selected based on random cluster sampling method. A researcher made questionnaire was prepared for gathering data about breeding and obesity. The Beck questionnaire was used to measure the physical activity level.

The results showed that the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the female aged 30-50 years of the city of Bojnord were 21.8 and 43.4 percent, respectively.   

The results also showed that age of the first Parturition (P=0/06), lactation duration (P=0/26), the age of the first menstrual period (P=0/24), TV watching duration in 24 hours (P=0/61), physical activity index during job (P=0/36) and exercising (P=0/21) among three groups were not significantly differnece. Age (P=0/00), children number (P=0/01), pregnancy number (P=0/00), duration of consumption of Oral contraceptive pill (P=0/03), sitting and physical inactivity in female normal weight in comparison with obese female (P=0/01)were significantly lower, and physical activity index in leasure time (P=0/00) and marriage age (P=0/03) were higer. Considering the high prevalence of obesity and overweight in Bojnord, it is recommended that women do more physical activity and  further information be made for women about obesity-related risk factors, recognize symptoms and illnesses caused by obesity and ultimately prevent and reduce chronic diseases and their costs resulting from treatment programs should be done

Elderly marriage is one of the appropriate arrangements to improve quality of life indicators in the elderly which makes the elderly to not be alone and to keep their spirits together. The purpose of this study was to compare the satisfaction of life, distress tolerance and coping styles in elderly men with re-marriage and single elderly men. Materials &

The research design was causal-comparative. The statistical population included 40 remarried elderlies and 40 single elderlies of Tehran, who were selected using a snowball sampling method. For data collection, life satisfaction questionnaire, distress tolerance and stress coping styles were used. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and analysis of variance.

findings showed that the Life Satisfaction of elderly men with re-marriage is higher than single elderly men (p < 0/001). also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between tolerance and coping styles in elderly men with remarriage and single elderly men (p < 0/001). remarriage Elderly men more use distress assessment and distress adjustment but single elderly men use the attraction and tolerance component. elderly men whit remarriage in stressful situations use focused cognitive assessment and problem-solving focused coping. But single elderly men are more likely to use emotion-focused coping, social support, and physical restraint coping-focused.

Therefore, single elderly men are more vulnerable to married elderly men, and more effort is needed to increase their mental health.

Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels and defects in insulin production and function. Contamination of food and the environment with lead can worsen the condition of diabetics. This study investigated the effect of thiamine on the small intestinal histomorphology of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

In this interventional study, 63 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. Three groups of animals were considered as control group (A), thiamine+lead 200 (H) and thiamine+lead 1000 (I). Lead in ppm and acetate form was added to drinking water. The other groups became diabetic via alloxan at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Group B: diabetic mice; Group C: Diabetic mice receiving thiamine; Groups D and E of diabetic mice receiving lead 200 and 1000 were named. Mice in groups F and G received 200 and 1000 ppm of thiamine and lead. Thiamine was used daily and peritoneal with 70 mg/kg dose. On the 29th day, histotechnique was performed on small intestine samples and their histomorphometry was examined.

Histomophometry of intestinal structure in mice receiving untreated lead in diabetic group showed a significant increase compared to healthy mice. However, these parameters did not show a significant difference in lead-receiving diabetic rats treated with thiamine compared to the control group. The thiamin improved insulin secretion and reduced turbulence in villi´s of small intestine and improve size of muscular layer in digestive lumen.

Probably the antioxidant compound in the thiamin can reduce some complications of lead acetate in diabetic patients.

It is known that the total-body resistance exercise (TRX) is a new training method to improve muscle strength and muscle mass, but, the impact of TRX training on the hormones involved in regulating muscle mass remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of one period of TRX training on serum concentration of myostatin and follistatin in inactive women.

In an experimental study with pre- and post-test design, 27 inactive women aged 20 to 40 years were randomly divided into two groups of control (n=12) and TRX (n=15). The TRX group performed for eight weeks and three sessions a week on selected TRX trainings, which included 6 main movements for 60 minutes. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 hours after the last exercise session and serum concentration of myostatin and follistatin was measure. Independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test was used for analyzing data.

The results showed that TRX training resulted in a significant reduction in serum myostatin (TRX: 42.53 ± 8.64 pg/ml versus control: 52.77 ± 12.90 pg/ml) when compared to the control group (P= 0.021). Also, TRX training resulted in a significant increase in serum follistatin (TRX: 1865.93 ± 209.78 pg/ml versus control: 1651.41 ± 164.92 pg/ml) when compared to the control group (P= 0.008).

According to the present findings, it seems that one period of TRX training may be result in decrease of myostatin and increase of follistatin hormones in inactive women

The complex pathway of a rapamycin target in mammals (mTORC1) is one of the important pathways in protein synthesis in the heart, which in type 1diabetes can led to impairment and is a factor for hypertrophy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the mTORC1 pathway in heart muscle tissue of type 1 diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 16 SpragueDawley male rats (with mean weight of 300±20 gr) were selected and after induction of diabetes by STZ and nicotinamide were randomly assigned into two groups: diabetic training (8 head) and diabetic control (8 head). The experimental group performed 4 days a week the exercise training for 4 weeks, while the control group did not have any training program. Independent T-test was used to analyze the data.

There was a significant increase in the content of AKT1 (p < 0.027), mTOR (p < 0.003) and P70S6K1 (p < 0.024) proteins in the training group compared to control group, while significant change was not observed in the content of 4EBP1 (p < 0.75) in the training group compared to control group.

HIIT for 4 weeks can activate the pathway AKT1/mTOR/P70S6K1 on the mTORC1 pathway. Therefore, HIIT by this pathway could lead to physiologic hypertrophy in the heart of type 1 diabetic subjects.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have several adverse effects on human health and environment in the short and long term. In this study, a systematic review of the studies carried out to date on the removal of PAHs from contaminated soils by electrokinetic method and determining the parameters affecting this process has been investigated.

This research is a systematic review study. For this purpose, the keywords related to PAHs pollutants and electrokinetic methods were first prepared. Search in scientific databases including Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed was done. After completion of the search, the findings of search was transferred to the Endnote software and screening was done to reach articles that are fully related to the subject.

A total of 571 articles were found until September 10, 2018 from the mentioned data basis. Then, 10 studies were carefully reviewed after removing duplicates and non-compliant items. The included studies were from 2000 to 2017. In 3 studies, electrochemical methods with surfactants and biosurfactants were used. Four studies utilized biodegradation techniques along with electro-kinetics. Combination of the electrokinetic with other processes can increase the efficiency of this process in removing PAHs from soil in a short period (less than 1 month).

Considering the influence of different parameters on the process, it is recommended to conduct a pilot test to optimize the process before the implementation of this method.

Thymosin alpha-1 (zadaxin) a 28-amino acid peptide, which was first identified in the calf thymus. This peptide is a biological modifier which leads to activation of various cells of the immune system. In the recent years, thymosin alpha-1 has been studied in in vitro and in vitro studies to evaluate its biological activities and therapeutic applications. 

This study was done to summarize findings from the biological and clinical applications of thymosin alpha-1 peptide. We searched at the sites of Google, Google Scholar and PubMed over 1966-2019 using Thymosin alpha-1, Immunomodulatory, Cancer, Hepatitis and AIDS as keywords.

The results showed that thymosin alpha-1 interacts with Tolllike receptors (TLR) and brings about to activation of some intracellular pathways that ultimately stimulate the immune system by modulating cytokine production, enhancing T-cell and dendritic cells. The peptide also shows antitumor activity and a protective role against oxidative damage by increasing the level of antioxidant enzymes. Clinical studies with thymosin alpha-1 have been shown a broad effective application against many infectious diseases, including hepatitis B and C and AIDS. In addition, thymosin alpha-1 is considered as a promising and adjunctive approach for subjects suffering from some cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma.

The results of this study indicate the multiple biological properties of thymosin alpha-1. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action of thymosin alpha-1.

Typical nanoparticle synthesis methods have disadvantages such as poor structure, low production rate, high production cost and high energy requirement. Therefore, today the tendency to use plant resources as one of the most suitable methods of nanoparticle synthesis is taken into consideration by researcher attention. Foeniculum vulgare is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran that has the potential to synthesize nanoparticles from its seed or shoot extracts. In this study, the possibility of green synthesis of zero iron nanoparticles using fennel seed extracts was investigated.  

In this study, seed extract was used to synthesize green nanoparticles of iron particles.The antioxidant properties and the total amount of phenolic compounds of seed extract and extract containing nano-iron particles were determined. Structural analysis of iron nanoparticles was performed using scanning electron microscopy.

The formation of iron nanoparticles was confirmed by changing the color of the solution from yellow to brown. Both in the extract containing the seeds and in the extract containing iron nanoparticles, antioxidant properties were observed and adding iron nanoparticles increased the antioxidant properties of fennel. Structural analysis of iron nanoparticles using scanning electron microscopy showed that the shape of spherical particles and its dimensions are 200 nm.

The results of this experiment showed that the fennel seed extract can be used to synthesize nanoscale zero-valent iron particles, and increasing the Zero nanoparticles increases its antioxidant properties. Received

Creating wounds from simple to advanced and from acute to chronic is one of the problems that mankind has faced for a long time. Over the past half century, with the discovery of antibiotics, human ability to manage wounds has improved much more than before, but antibiotic resistance has become a serious problem in recent decades, especially for chronic wounds, and therefore different therapeutic approaches are needed. Larval therapy is an old method that requires molecular cellular research and recognition and confirmation of its function can lead to the development of new drugs. In this study, the larvae of Lucilia sericata were first prepared and extracted, and then the extract was affected on fibroblast cells and molecular cellular studies were performed. The results indicate that TNF-α gene expression was 8 times higher in the control sample. The expression of SMAD-2 gene was 6 times higher in the control sample than in the control sample. TGF-β gene expression in the treated sample was 4 times that of the control sample. Given the additive effect on fibroblast growth and molecular confirmation of the above genes, it is suggested that this extract has the potential to heal wounds.

Tuberculosis(TB) is the second leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that close to one quarter of the world's population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study was carried out to pay more attention and appropriate control of the disease due to its re-outbreak in recent years in Sabzevar district.

This study is recruited 150 patients with tuberculosis who were treated between 2009 and 2013 in health centers. Data of patients were included demographic parameter, pulmonary tuberculosis status (positive or negative smear) and locations. Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square test by SPSS version 22.

A population-based survey of the prevalence was 0.94 person per 10000. Mean age of patients was 53± 20. Among these patients, 56.7%(85) had pulmonary TB and 43.3% had non pulmonary TB. There was a statistically significant difference in types of TB (pulmonary and non- pulmonary) when considering with sex and age(P<0.05). Pleural tuberculosis was the most involved organ in non-pulmonary patients. There was no significant difference in types of TB with other varieties such as residence and exposure(P>0.05)..

According to the results, non-pulmonary tuberculosis was higher compared to other types (43.3 %) and higher than global and national rates. In addition, presence of 60% positive smears indicated that health control policies were not appropriately performed. To control the disease, a more accurate way of case-finding, preventive activities, well-time treatment, and relevant follow up are recommended.

The assessment of changes in liver Aminotranspherases and Insulin resistance following 4 weeks of exercise trainings have been of great importance in order to prevent liver diseases. The purpose of present study is to determine the effect of 4 weeks of high intensity interval trainings together with ginger on serum levels of liver enzymes and insulin resistance in pioneer football players.

In this semi-experimental study, 46 football pioneer men (40-50 years) were selected according to selective and on purpose sampling, and were divided into 4 groups of Ginger+Training, Gnger, Training+placebo and control. The training groups performed high intensity trainings for 4 weeks with 90% HRmax while supplementation groups consumed 3×1000 mg ginger capsules daily. Blood sampling was done before and 48 hours after the intervention in fasting state. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-wilk, Two way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests in p < 0.05 significant level.

4 weeks of ginger and HIIT decreased HOMA, ALT, AST, Glucose, Insulin, weight, WC and BMI significantly in experimental groups (Ginger, Train-Ginger, Train-placebo) compared to pretest (p≤0.05). The mean changes in mentioned indices showed better improvements in ginger+training group compared to other groups (p≤0.05).

It seems that ginger intake together with high intensity interval exercises is an efficient factor in non-alcoholic fatty liver prevention and improvement by augmentation in fat metabolism through putting desirable results on serum liver enzymes, insulin resistance and body composition in pioneer football men players.

Many investigations revealed that the inflammatory process induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes brain damages and cognitive impairments. On the other hand, Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is one of the important vitamin K2 types that has anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of administration of MK-4 on the level of gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines following global ischemia/reperfusion in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats.

In this research, 20 adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly selected in 5 experimental groups and studied: control (intact), sham (surgery without carotid artery occlusion), ischemia/reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion + intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DMSO as MK-4 solvent, treatment (ischemia/reperfusion + i.p. injection of MK-4). For induction ischemic model, common carotid occlusion was performed for 20 minutes. In the treatment group i.p. injection of 200 mg/kg MK-4 was done 20 minutes after obstruction (immediately and 2 hours after reperfusion). 24 hours after reperfusion, mRNA expression level of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assessed.

I.p. administration of MK-4 could significantly decrease mRNA expression level of TNF-α (p < 1.15), IL-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.001) induced by ischemia/reperfusion.

The findings of this study show that MK-4 administration following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion could diminish the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and maybe cause neuroprotective effects. Received.

Iron deficiency anemia Has been raised due to high prevalence and adverse effects as one of the main problems of public health in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal iron deficiency anemia and its effect on birth weight in a population covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

In this descriptive-analytic research, information on the birth of newborns was extracted from the Sina Electronic Health Record System. In this study, pregnant mothers were divided into two groups: anemia and non-anemia, 4 groups: moderate to severe, mild, normal and high hemoglobin, and 9 groups with 10 g/L interval from severe anemia to high hemoglobin. Data analysis was performed using statistical software STATA 14 and descriptive statistics, t test and logistic regression. The significance level in this study was considered 0.05.

Result of this study showed Low concentration of Hemoglobin was associated with higher odds of Low Birth Weight (OR:1.19 P:0.271) abnormal head circumference (OR:1.07 P:0.611) and abnormal hight (OR:1.10 P:0.587) When compared with normal hemoglobin. The risk of this factors across 9 pregnancy hemoglobin groups depended on severity of anemia. In this study high hemoglobin concentration was associated with an elevated risk of Low Birth Weight, abnormal head circumference and abnormal hight of neonate.

The results of this study showed that high and Low maternal hemoglobin concentrations during pregnancy can have an adverse effect on neonatal weight and height.

Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for several metabolic and cardiovascular complications, and is now considered as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to invistigate of the effect 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise on the Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and lipid profile in obese girls.

This semi experimental research, 14 obese girls (mean age 9.9±1.18 year) whose body mass index was 95% or greater were selected and assigned randomly to two equal groups as follow: exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise was consisted of exercise movements at 50% to 70% maximal heart rate and 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 48 hour after the last intervention. The serum levels of TNF-α, triglycerides, total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t tests. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Eight weeks of aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in TNF-α, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the percent changes of these variabls in exercise training group were significantly greater (p < 0.05).

Aerobic exercise as a non-medical therapeutic intervention for obese children can leads to reduced cardiovascular and metabolic diseases risk factors by improving lipid profiles and a reducse in systemic inflammation. Received

The bacteria with a remarkable ability to regenerate heavy metal ions are considered biological factories or important nano-factories to produce nanoparticles. The bacterial production of nanoparticles as a green and one-step method can overcome production problems and disadvantages through physical and chemical methods.

In this study, bacteria isolates were taken from soil samples of Nakhlak mine. One silver resistant bacterial strain was selected for the production of silver nanoparticles. This strain synthesized silver nanoparticles with supernatant and biomass. The nanoparticles synthesized were characterized using XRD and SEM. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was determined.

The silver resistance bacteria were isolated from soil samples. One silver resistant bacterial strain was selected for the production of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles showed good antimicrobial activity against standard strains of tested microorganisms.

The nanoparticle synthesized by bacterial strain isolated from Nakhlak mine is a promising new biological source for synthesizing silver nanoparticles with potent antimicrobial activity. According to the results, this compound can be used to make disinfectants