نشریه خانواده و بهداشت
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 13، پاییز 1396)

The purpose of this study was to predict social adjustment based on lifestyle in married women.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the study included all married women referring to the culture centers of the 5th district of Tehran. 200 persons were selected through sampling method. Study tool were Miller-Smith Lifestyle Assessment Inventory (1988) and Bell Adjustment Inventory (1962). The data of the present study was tested using enter approach of multiple regression analysis.

The evaluation of regression coefficients of each of the life styles showed that the lifestyle of physical well-being (p <0.01, β=0.212) with positive psychological well-being (p <0.01, β=0.196), positively and at 0.01 significant level, predict social adjustment in married women. It should be noted that the regression coefficient for behavioral dependence was not significant at the level of 0.05.

Therefore, the result of the analysis showed that two lifestyles of physical wellbeing and psychological well-being positively and significantly predict social adjustment in married women.

The purpose of this study was the comparison of Self-conscious emotions and appearance schemas in people with and without panic disorder.

This research’s method is causal-comparative. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all patients with panic disorder in the country in 1395 (2017) (they were member in the social medias group), that were chosen 100 person by using available sampling method (50 patients with panic disorder and 50 healthy subjects for comparison). To measure the variables of study, Tangney's Self-conscious emotions Questionnaire, Thomas Scheck Scale Questionnaire, and Albanian Panic Inventory were used. The data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

The results showed that there is a significant difference between panic patients and healthy subjects in Self-consciousness emotions of shame and guilt, as sub scales of appearance schema “self-motivation and self-assessment”.

Based on finding of this study, it can be concluded that the emotions of shame and guilt and appearance schemas are among the distinctive variables of panic disorder.

An important factor that in recent years it has been noted on depression is early experiences with parents in childhood, including the individual's attachment styles. The aim of this study was to compare attachment styles among people with depression and healthy individuals.

The population of depressed patients includes a number of covered patients of psychotherapy clinics in Tehran in 1394 and the normal people include employees of a pharmaceutical company in Tehran in 1394 that 72 depressed patients (after screening) and 72 normal individuals were selected by purposive sampling and answered to General Health by Goldberg (1972), Depression by Beck (1961) and Attachment styles by Collins and Read (1990) Questionnaires. To analysis of data multivariate analysis of variance was used.

The study of the means in the two groups of depressed people and normal people showed that depressed people in compare with normal people in anxious attachment style got higher average scores and in secure attachment style got lower average scores. But two groups did not any significant differences in avoidant attachment style.

On this basis, it was concluded that anxious attachment style could be targeted in the treatment of depressed patients.

As the technology advances, lack of adequate information in families, the existence of shame and civic and cultural limitations, sex education is essential in schools. so, the purpose of the study was Examining Sex Education in Schools from the Viewpoints of Teachers.

In this descriptive study, 274 teachers were selected, using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by valid and reliable self-administered questionnaires. Then data were analyzed, using SPSS software and frequency, standard division and independent t-test.

The results of this study showed that the mean score of teachers' necessities of Sex education was 17.4, the mean score of Sex education was 16.4, the mean score of Islamic models of Sex education was 21.1 and the mean score of west model Sex education was 12.2. also, the best educational level of sex education was elementary with76.3%, a combination of school and family educations was best method with 38.2%, the most suitable teaching methods was direct method of problem solving with 32.1%

the results of the research showed that, from the viewpoint of teachers, sex education in schools with the help of families is necessary. And also, a good time to teach the concepts of sex education is in the elementary school and on the basis of Islamic models as well as the use of Western experiences in this field.

Childbirth is an important experience in a woman's life. Fear of childbirth is a common problem for pregnant women. Since there is association between fear of childbirth and adverse perinatal outcomes this study aimed to investigate the causes of fear of childbirth in pregnant women.

In this Descriptive-Comparative study a randomly sample of 300 primiparas and 300 multiparas who delivered vaginally were interviewed. The data was collected by a questionnaire. For data analysis, it was used descriptive and analytical statistics t-test and Pearson's correlation.

The finding showed that Primiparas had a mean score of fear and anxiety (46/50±5/45) while multiparas had a mean score (46/09 ±8/07) and Comparison of the means of fear and anxiety scores between the two groups demonstrated no significant difference (p=0/465). A total of 86/7% of the primiparas and 77/6% of the multiparas had moderate levels of fear and anxiety. The main cause of fear of childbirth in primiparas women was being alone in hospital (68/7%) and labor pain (57/3%). Also, in multiparas women was perineal laceration (53%) and being alone in hospital (40%).

Since women's experience of childbirth is different and hospitalization of a pregnant woman performing routine diagnostic and care techniques during the labor and delivery process influence the mother's experience of fear of childbirth so the results might help medical staff for detection of the causes of this fear and adopt proper measures to greatly reduce fear and anxiety in all the pregnant women.

Intention of people to drug use is affected by their attitude towards substance abuse. Little research to explain substance abuse problems have studied the personality variables. The aim of this study was to prediction attitudes toward substance use based on self-expression, hardiness and religious attitude.

This study utilized a descriptive correlational type design and statistic population of this study included of all people referred to the Association of Narcotics Anonymous with a history of substance use in Districts 17 & 18 of Tehran in fall of 2015 with the quantity of 500 subject that among the 200 subjects through available sampling were selected. To collection the data Attitudes toward addiction, assertiveness, hardiness and religious attitude was used. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that commitment (β=-0.193, P0.05) and control (β=-0.247, P0.01) dimensions, expression (β=-0.248, P0.01) and religious attitudes (β=-0.243, P0.01), negatively predict attitudes toward drug use in people.

According to the findings of the present results, it could be concluded Assertive, psychological hardiness and religious attitudes as positive factors in coping with the difficulties of everyday life and play role in creating positive or negative attitudes towards substance abuse. So in substance abusers people this personal and personality factors could be targeted to treatment.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an extremely debilitating anxiety disorder, which is usually considered as a refractory illness that requires lifelong treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hypnotherapy with ERP on clinical symptoms and the fear of negative evaluation in patients with washing compulsion.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. A sample of 30 subjects was selected randomly. Before the final inclusion of subjects in the study, however, a screening test was administered to identify subjects who met the inclusion or exclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to the control and experiment groups, each with n=15 subjects. After distributing pre-test questionnaires, hypnotherapy with ERP was started for the experiment group in 12 sessions of 90 min once a week. The research data was collected using Yale-Brown's obsessive-compulsive disorder scale and Positive and Negative Affect questionnaire and data analysis was performed by multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and SPSS 23 software

The results suggested that hypnotherapy with ERP had a positive effect on the clinical symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (P <0.001), which remained stable during the three-month follow-up after the intervention. Also, data analysis indicated that hypnotherapy with ERP had a significant effect on promoting positive affect and lessening negative affect in patients with washing compulsion, and the results sustained in the three-month follow-up after the intervention.

Hypnotherapy combined with ERP can be useful for obsessive-compulsive disorder and enhance the effectiveness of ERP treatment. Hypnosis-based therapies often give increased power to cognitive-behavioral therapies. The suspension of critical thinking in hypnosis increases the suggestibility of the patient, making them more receptive of convincing dialogues in cognitive-behavioral therapy.

The purpose of this study was to predict social phobia based on self-efficacy and cognitive emotion regulation in adolescents.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included 400 boys in the first level of high school in the city of Pardis during the 2015-2016 semesters. The sample of this study, which was determined using Morgan's table, was 196 students who were randomly selected. Social anxiety inventory by Connor et al. (2000), general self-efficacy scale by Sherer et al. (1982) and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire by Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven (2001) were used to collected data. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that regression coefficient between self-efficacy with social phobia (P <0.01) was negative and significant. Among the cognitive emotion regulation strategies, the regression coefficient for Catastrophization (P <0.01, P = 0.27) and positive reappraisal (P <0.01, β = 0.35) with social phobia were negative and significant.

Self-efficacy beliefs have a significant effect on self-regulation and quality of human performance. As positive reappraisal has a direct impact on appraisals, adolescents can utilize their emotional response to stressful events to improve performance. While adolescents who regard inconvenient events as catastrophic, they may passively take it.