مجله دانشکده دندانپزشکی مشهد
سال چهل و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 117، تابستان 1400)

Autism is a congenital neurological disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, communication, and behavior. Due to the special condition of these children and their inability to observe oral hygiene, patients depend on their caregivers. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries based on the pufa/PUFA index in autistic children aged 6-12 years old In Isfahan.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 90 children in autistic centers based on clinical examination. The examination was performed using a mirror, explores, and headlight. The pufa/PUFA checklist and severity of the autism were documented for each child. The data were analyzed in SPSS software using the Mann-Whitney U test.

The majority of children had mild autism. The mean of pufa and PUFA indices in the autistic children were obtained at 3.43±2.46 and 0.62±0.29, respectively. Among all the pufa/PUFA index parameters, the exposed pulp) was higher. In the current study, there was no significant difference between males and females in terms of autism severity (P=0.205). Moreover, the autism severity had no significant relationship with pufa/PUFA index in deciduous and permanent teeth (P>0.05).

The results of the current study pointed out that the rate of caries was relatively high in autistic children, and oral hygiene in primary dentition was worse than permanent dentition.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of radix root and mid-mesial (MM) canal in the mandibular first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Iranian population. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 100 CBCT scans were used which were taken in Mashhad Dental School, Iran, during 2016-2018. The prevalence of MM canal in mesial root and radix root in the mandibular first molars was evaluated according to the gender of the patients and tooth side. The data were analyzed using PASW Statistics software (version 18.0) and Chi-square test.

In this study, 57 right and 43 left first molars were evaluated. Based on the results, a total of four MM canals (4%) and two radix roots (2%) were observed. Three MM canals were observed in female patients and one was noticed in male patients. In addition, one radix root was observed in each gender. Two MM canals were observed on the right side and two MM canals on the left side. There was no statistically significant relationship between gender and side of the tooth with radix root and MM canal (P>0.05).

Although the frequency of MM canal and radix root in mandibular first molars was low in the studied population, the post-occurrence in these teeth should always be considered.

Repositioning of the maxilla is usually a part of the treatment of skeletal deformities. Lefort I osteotomy is a surgical technique introduced to perform these movements. Since the introduction of this technique, surgeons have found its inevitable effects on the form and function of the nasal cavity. Some researchers have examined these changes by measuring nasal airflow and. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the differences in nasal airflow and resistance after maxillary movement surgeries.

The current study was conducted on 21 patients referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. All of these patients needed Lefort I and were divided into three groups, namely anterior displacement, upper displacement, and upper-posterior displacement. To perform the necessary examinations, anterior rhinomanometry test and lateral cephalometric radiographs were carried out 1 week pre-operationally and 3 months post-operationally.

According to results of the rhinomanometric and radiographic assessment, the most and the least improvements in nasal function occurred in the upper and anterior maxillary displacement groups, respectively. Regardless of the group, the mean scores of airflow and air passage resistance increased and decreased after the surgery, respectively; however, none of these changes were statistically significant.

If the maxillary surgery is performed with the correct technique, it will not cause breathing problems.

Most dental traumas occur in the maxillary anterior region, and the related complications can be observed as root and crown fractures or luxation injuries. Root fracture indicates cementum, dentin, and pulp fractures that may be extended longitudinally or horizontally across the tooth root. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of two different voxel sizes in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the effect of filtration and artifact reductionalgorithm (AR) in the diagnosis of horizontal root fracture (HRF) in the presence and absence of intracanal metallic post (IMP).

Artificial HRF was created randomly in 15 endodontically treated teeth at mid-root and coronal areas. Moreover, 15 intact teeth served as the control group. The cast posts were made for 30 teeth before fracture. The teeth were inserted in artificial casts for imaging and the images were prepared by CBCT system in 0.075 mm and 0.15 mm voxel sizes and were subjected to filtration and AR systems. An experienced radiologist analyzed the radiographic images. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the HRF diagnosis condition were calculated.

Sensitivity values ranged from 46.7% in 0.15 mm voxel size in the presence of IMP to 100% in 0.075 mm voxel size in the absence of IMP. The specificity rate for all the studied techniques was 100%. The most negative effect of IMP was observed in the diagnosis of one-third of the coronal root and cervical area fractures.

The highest sensitivity and accuracy (100%) in the Promax 3DMax system was observed in 0.075mm voxel size in the absence of IMP. This result was in line with the results obtained with real samples. Filtration and AR systems were ineffective in the diagnose the HRF.

Fissure sealing is considered one of the most important preventive methods of caries in dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the effect of universal bonding on fissure sealing of permanent molars.

This experimental study was performed on 30 healthy human molar teeth that were divided into three groups, namely 1) fissure sealing by total bonding and acid etching, 2) fissure sealing by universal bonding and acid etching, and 3) fissure sealing by universal bonding without acid etching. After the preparation of the buccolingual section of the teeth, the microleakage was evaluated quantitatively. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using Kruskal-Wallis and Dan tests.

In this microleakage study with the dye penetration method, the highest and lowest degrees were observed in the groups of universal bonding without etching and the total bonding with etching, respectively. It must be noted that the difference was significant between these two groups (P=0.001). There was also a significant difference between the two groups of universal bonding without etching and universal bonding with etching (P=0.003)

Regarding the microleakage in the universal bonding group, it is better to use a combination of acid etching and universal bonding in fissure sealant. The degree of microleakage was lower in the two groups of fissure sealing by total bonding with acid etching and universal bonding with acid etching, compared to the group of fissure sealing by universal bonding alone.

Surface properties are among the most important factors in clinical success of composite restorations. The composite surfaces may be affected by the occlusion forces, tooth brushing, or bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness of Bulk fill and universal nano-hybrid composites after toothbrush abrasion. Totally, nine specimens were prepared for each nano-hybrid composite (Tetric N Ceram and Tetric N Ceram Bulk fill) in this in vitro study. The surface roughness of the specimens was evaluated using a contact profilometer. Subsequently, the samples were abraded in a brushing machine using a soft toothbrush and slurry of toothpaste and distilled water at 10000 strokes. Following that, the mean surface roughness of the samples was measured again. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, and paired-t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. After abrasion, surface roughness was increased in both types of composites. Moreover, the surface roughness of the TNC Bulk fill was significantly higher than that of the TNC composite. Due to the high surface roughness of the Bulk fill composite after abrasion, it is recommended to cover the surface of Bulk fill composites with a more abrasion resistant composite.

Changes in the enamel structure using a suitable acid for adequate time are the basic method of retention and strength of the composite restorations. This in vitro study aimed to compare the effect of different acid etching on the shear bond strength to the enamel surface using the fifth-generation dentin bonding. In total, 80 human pre-molar teeth were collected and divided into four groups of 20 teeth per group based on the acid etching of Morva-Etch, Kimia, Ultra-Etch, and Etch-Rite. After enamel etching and using Single Bond (3M ESPE-USA), 2 mm cross-sectional mold filled with Z250 composite (3M ESPE-USA)was placed on the treated tooth surface and cured. The samples were then placed in a thermocycler (500 cycles) (30 sec at 55˚C, 20 sec at 25˚C, and 30 sec at 5˚C). Furthermore, the shear bond strength was measured and recorded using the Instron testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and a force of 120 N through a knife blade with a final thickness of 0.5 mm. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results of one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference among the studied groups regarding shear bond strength (p < 0.05). The Tukey’s test also revealed that the shear bond strength of Morva-Etch acid etching was significantly higher than that of the other groups; however, no significant difference was found among the other acid etchings in this regard. According to the results of this study, the shear bond strength of Iranian Morva-Etch to the enamel was the highest, compared to the other groups. Moreover, Kimia, Ultra-Etch, and Etch-Rite provided sufficient shear bond strength to the enamel.

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital defects in the orofacial region. Many factors are involved in the occurrence of cleft lip in newborns including genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of this anomaly varies in different races and countries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of this disorder in newborns in Bu Ali, Hekmat, and Amir Mazandarani Hospitals in Sari, Iran, during 2004-2018. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out using information obtained from the records of patients in Imam, Hekmat, and Amir Mazandarani health centers in Sari, Iran. The number of patients with CLP was extracted from the information in the record files. Afterward, information related to infant and mother, such as gender, birth weight, maternal age, the cases of consanguine marriage, family history of CLP, history of drug use in the first trimester of pregnancy, the history of smoking and alcohol consumption were also recorded to investigate the factors related to CLP. A total of 65,522 births were recorded at the three abovementioned health centers during 14 years, of which 80 infants were born with a variety of CLP anomalies. The overall CLP prevalence in this study was estimated at 1.2 per 1,000 births. It should be noted that 52.5% (n=42) and 47.5% (n=38) of these cases had CLP and CL, respectively. No cases of isolated cleft palate were observed. Furthermore, 71.3% (n=57) of all CLP cases occurred unilaterally. In total, 86.3% of the studied infants weighed over 2,500 gr at birth and 72.5% of mothers aged under 30 years at childbirth. Based on the obtained results, the overall prevalence of oral clefts in the studied population was 1.2 per 1,000 births and mostly occurred unilaterally.

Severe early childhood caries is an acute type of dental caries which causes adverse effects on the quality of nourishment and growth of the baby. The purpose of this study was to determine any relationship between s-ECC and BMI in children aged 3-6 years old of sari`s kindergartens. In this descriptive study 401 systematically healthy children aged 3-6 years old, were selected randomly from sari kindergartens. After completing the questionnaire, variables such as height, weight and dmft (according to WHO`s standard) were recorded in a checklistand the relationship between BMI and s-ECC was investigated. Data were subjected to Chi-square and Logistic regression tests. Totally 188 children (46.8%) suffered from s-ECC and 213 (53%) were not affected by. Also, 38.1% had normal status, 28.1% were preoverweight, 19.7% were over weighted and 13.7% were underweighted. Statistical Society had mean dmft of 3.5 and mean age of 4.7. According to the data analysis, age, BMI status (obesity and weight deficiency), milk intake during sleep and consumption of snacks have significant effect on incidence of s-ECC. (Pvalue< 0.001) The results of the current study indicate a positive relationship between s-ECC and obesity and weight loss based on the BMI status chart of the disease control center.

Due to the high transmissibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through oral aerosols, guidelines were provided to prevent the spread of this disease through dental services. The Cochrane Institute published an article on May 13, 2020, reviewing recommendations for reopening dental centers and ways of providing dental services in 11 different countries. In this study, the recommendations published in Iran were compared with the rapid review prepared by the Cochrane Institute.

The authors compared the recommendations for dental services published by Iran's Ministry of Health from the beginning of the pandemic outbreak with the rapid review prepared by the Cochrane Institute. Differences and similarities were extracted and tabulated in tables. In case of disagreement between researchers, the final opinion was adopted in consultation with the professors of community oral health. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched to ensure valid scientific evidence for the methodological suggestions.

The study of the differences between the recommendation for providing dental services in Iran and the Cochrane review article divided the evidence into five categories. In this study, two other groups, in addition to the Cochrane classification, were extracted from the proposed guidelines of Iran. Differences between recommendations were noted for modification employed in future versions.

It is suggested that some of the statements of the Iranian recommendations be reviewed to minimize the possibility of the spread of COVID-19 disease among the staff of dental centers.

Due to the complete non-compliance of the recommendations, the integrity in observing the protective points would be possible by correcting the discrepancies.