مجله مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای
سال هشتم شماره 1 (بهار 1400)

Bus drivers, like other drivers, are prone to unsafe behaviors. Accidents are related to driver misbehavior. Because traffic accidents in intra-city and intercity routes are different, at least part of it may be related to driver behavior. The aim of this study was to compare the dangerous driving behavior intra-city and intercity bus drivers.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 107 intra-city bus drivers and 99 intercity bus drivers in the city of Zanjan using demographic characteristics questionnaire and Dula Dangerous Driving Index. Finally, after data collection from tests t-test, chi-square and multiple linear regression were used in SPSS19 environment at a significance level of 0.05 for statistical analysis.

The average weekly working hours of intra-city bus drivers are significantly higher than intercity bus drivers (p < 0.05). Also, the average of dangerous driving index and its factors, except for aggressive driving, were higher in intra-city bus drivers than intercity bus drivers (p < 0.05). In addition, the variable of weekly working hours had a negative effect on the score of RD in the intra-city drivers. Whereas it has a positive effect on NCED and DD in the intercity bus drivers (p < 0.05).

despite the lower number of fines and deaths on intra-city routes, it is necessary to take more serious control measures for risky behavior driving. These measures can include developing intervention programs to manage bus driverschr working hours to reduce fatigue, as well as raising driverschr  awareness for less risky driving behaviors.

In the psychological context of the environment, color is discussed as another environmental factor that has a great impact on human perception and behavior. In the study of psychological-mental performance of individuals, indicators are used that indicate the individualchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s cognitive status. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review study is to investigate the effect of color on Psychological functions of individuals.

This article is a systematic review study. Published full-text and English articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct ISI Web of Knowledge databases with the keywords color, function, cognitive, psychological without time limit and 60 eligible articles were reviewed.

Initially, 312 articles were identified from various databases. Among them, 123 articles had inclusion criteria. After that, 63 articles were excluded from the study due to lack of experimental studies and 60 articles were selected for final review. A total of 6 studies on selective attention,3 studies on alertness,4 studies on sport performance,7 studies on intellectual performance,7 studies on aggressiveness/dominance Evaluation,7 studies on caution/avoidance,6 studies on attraction,5 studies focused on store/company evaluation,7 studies focused on eating/drinking,4 Studies on memory,2 Studies on arousal and 2 Studies on time perception. The results show that color has a significant effect on cognitive functions including selective attention, alertness, Sport performance, intellectual performance, aggressiveness/dominance Evaluation, caution/avoidance, attraction, store/company evaluation, eating/drinking, time perception, memory and arousal.

Color should be considered as one of the main ways to promote mental health, perception and behavior of people.

A variety of natural, man-made and technological hazards can threaten the resilience of a system and make it vulnerable. This study was conducted to assess the vulnerability of the gas supply network in Tehran.

This cross-sectional study was performed in town board stations (TBS) in one of the gas supply areas of Tehran in 2019-2020. This study is based on the approach of identifying hazards and threats and assessing vulnerability. Vulnerability assessment was performed using a three-dimensional matrix consisting of probability of occurrence, severity of injury and degree of preparedness for the threat factors.

In the studied town board stations, six hazard or threat sources including insulation connection, shut-off valves, station line pipes, sensors, regulators and filters were identified. Vulnerability from these six sources was estimated at 36, 30, 120, 112, 40 and 140, respectively. These results showed that the threat of three sources of insulation connection, shut-off valves and regulators in the second and middle level threat and the vulnerability caused by the three sources of threat of station line pipes, sensors and filters in the third and severe level threat is the vulnerability index in the range of 101-215.

The findings of this study indicated that six major sources threaten the resilience of TBSs in this area. Furthermore, the results of vulnerability assessment of these town board stations revealed that the resilience to these threats is relatively low. So, it needs special attention to reduce vulnerability in this area of the gas supply network.

Sleep is one of the basic human needs that if not met, it can cause physical and psychological problems developing in people. Musculoskeletal disorders and job stress are one of the most important concerns of staff in organizations, especially hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the nurses sleep quality and its relationship with musculoskeletal disorders prevalence and job stress.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 218 nurses were studied in two of Isfahan city hospital. The used tools were the Pittsburgh sleep quality, Nordic questionnaires and HSE job stress questionnaire. The nurseschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) body posture was investigated with the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical software.  

The sleep quality of 67.31% of nurses was undesirable. Statistically sleep quality had a significant relation with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (PValue=0.002, R=0.514), QEC final score (PValue<0.001, R=0.589) and job stress (PValue<0.001, R=-0.793).

In this study, sleep quality was effective parametric in the incidence of musculoskeletal discomforts developing and job stress of nurses, so that not paying attention to the sleep quality of nurses in addition to reducing their health, also has negative effects in providing services to patients.

Permit to work system  is a formal, documented and written system that aim to control risk of occupations that are considered potentially dangerous. The porpuse of this study was to identify and prioritize the criteria affecting the performance of the permit to work systeam  in an oil refinery.

The present study was designed and implemented in three steps. In the first step, by reviewing previous studies and conducting interviews with experts, the perimarly criteria were identified. In the second step, fuzzy delphi methode was used for determine the final criteria , in this step  opinions of 25 experts on the perimarly criteria were collected and combained . Finally,  fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used in order to weight and prioritize the identified criteria.

result of Fuzzy Delphi  methode was showed that six criteria,  risk identification and risk assessment, training and competence of individuals, preventive actions , communication, responsibility and coordination as criteria affecting the performance of the permit to work systeam . Prioritization of criteria using fuzzy hierarchical analysis showed that the criterion of responsibility )final weight 0.191( and coordination and communication criteria )final weight 0.134( have the highest and lowest importance among the identification criteria.

In this study, a model of decision making based on Delphi methods and fuzzy hierarchical analysis was introduced to identify the factors affecting the performance of the  permit to work system in an oil refinery.

In international organization, deviant behaviors such as occupational violence is known as a serious crisis. It can lead to mental stress and reduce the job satisfaction, social and family relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual and job factors affecting the incidence of occupational violence among workers in different industries in East Azerbaijan.

Method and material:

 This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. Research population consisted of all personnel in five industries, including chocolate factory, food industry, health products, steel and agricultural industry in East Azerbaijan. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire, provided based on ILO and WHO standard questionnaires which its validity and reliability were confirmed in previous studies. Data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression tests by SPSS-V22.

In all the industries, verbal violence, with frequency 46.6%, was the most common type of violence. Internal organizational factors had the important roles in the incidence of occupational violence in these industries. Logistic regression showed statistically significant associations between referring to a psychiatrist (P=0.005), gender (P=0.001), work shift(P=0.001) and occupational violence.

Because verbal violence is prevalence in the industries, it seems that planning and measures should be taken to reduce it. So, deployment of ergonomics and psychology intervention are recommended to reduce the stressful environmental conditions and violence among employees.

road accidents and their casualties are considerably high. In addition, the headlights of cars, especially on two-way roads, leads to glare in the eyes of oncoming drivers. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of discomfort glare of car headlights and the effects of some variables on creating discomfort glare.

The illuminance of the driverchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s eye was measured using luxmeter and the discomfort glare caused by the carchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s headlights was determined using the Schmidt-Clausen and Bindels model and with considering the lateral and longitudinal distance between the two vehicles and the background luminance of the road surface were determined.

In cars, in low beam mode, from 100 meters to 50 meters, the luxmeter fails to record any illuminance. In the high beam mode, discomfort glare gradually increased from the distance of 100 meters by reducing the longitudinal distance between two vehicles. Increasing on the level of discomfort glare for Samand up to 30 meters, Pride Saba GTX up to 20 meters, Pride 131SL, Renault Megan and Peugeot Pars up to 10 meters and the Peugeot 405 depending on the background luminance up to 10 and 20 meters continued. The level of annoying dulling was reduced and from that interval onwards, the level of discomfort glare reduced.

The side distance between vehicles, headlights aiming, voltage and the type of headlightchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s lamp are affecting in the discomfort glare which can be reduced by changes in road design and vehicle headlights.

Consideration to time constraints, implementation and funding in each industry, one of the essential strategies for managing noise control and selection the best method is to prioritize noise control methods. The aim of this study was to Prioritizing of Noise Control Methods in the battery making industry by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).

The present study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study.After measurement of sound pressure level and identifying the main sources of noise pollution, Content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to sieve the criteria and methods of noise control. Prioritization of noise control methods based on the study criteria was done by calculating the relative weight of each of them by two factors of Eigenvalue and eigenvector.

The results of the study showed that the inconsistency ratio(IR) in pairwise comparisons was less than )10%( in all cases and the consistency of the answers was confirmed. Based on the results, among the study criteria, the acoustic efficiency criterion of method with weight(0.1810), and Among the proposed methods of noise control, the method of controlling the exposure time to noise and training of workers with weight(0.1732) had the highest priority.

Findings showed that in the studied battery making industry, the best criterion in noise control is the safety of the noise control device. Also based on the results, controlling the duration of exposure time to noise and training workers in conditions of high noise exposure was the best method to noise control in the battery making.