نشریه دانش زیستی ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

Abstract. This investigation carried out in order to study the effects of irrigation times and phosphorous fertilizer on yield and yield components on Nigella sativa in split plot design with three replications based on randomized complete block designed at Sepahan Nama research farm in Jellan Abad of Isfahan. The main factor was irrigation time with three levels including 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation from flash tank of A class. The sub plot was different phosphorous fertilizer levels including control, 75 and 150 kg/ ha P (triple super phosphate fertilizer). Measured traits were including number of capsule per plant, number of seed per capsule, seed weight to capsule, 1000-seed weight, biological yield, seed yield per meter squares and plant height. Variance analysis showed that all traits had significant differences for different levels of irrigation time, phosphorous fertilizer and interaction them. Result described which the highest biological, seed yield per plant and area obtained at 100 mm evaporation and 150 kg/ h P and the lowest these traits was obtained at 150 mm evaporation from flash tank and 150 kg/ha P. Result showed to production of suitable yield must be attended to irrigation parameters and consumption of phosphorous fertilizer. Also result described which more and less use of irrigation is not suitable for high production of seed yield.

the molecular similarity of S.maltophilia strains between patients and hospital environments in Kermanshah was studied

500 different clinical and environmental samples were collected and cultured for isolation and identification of S.maltophilia isolates using biochemical tests; then presence of 23srRNA gene was detected by PCR for molecular identification. Finally, by amplifying 7 housekeeping genes (including: atpD، gapA، guaA، mutM، nuoD، ppsA and recA) in relation with S.maltophilia bacterium, the strains of S.maltophilia isolates were determined. Then phylogenetic tree was drawn by Mega 7 software.

From 500 clinical and environmental samples collected from hospitals, 28 isolates of S.maltophilia were identified by biochemical methods and molecular confirmation. Among these, 13 isolates were obtained from environmental samples and the rest from clinical samples. A small number of common strains were also found between clinical and environmental samples. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that these 28 isolates belonged to 21 identified strains of the S.maltophilia, which was due to 100% genetic similarity of some isolates.

The molecular similarity of S.maltophilia strains between patients and hospital environment revealed that all strains of this bacterium in Kermanshah belong to a specific molecular pattern and do not have high genetic diversity and probably, this bacterium was transmitted from the hospital to patients. Therefore, observance of hygiene in hospital and employing the molecular methods with high differentiation is recommended to control the distribution of this bacterium.

In this project, the effect of three types of flexible multilayer films and different concentrations of three types of gaseous mixtures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen) as well as conditions under vacuum and also ordinary conditions as control to increase the shelf life of Liquvan cheese at ambient temperature (250C) were evaluated. Non-gas injection packaging as a control sample were compared with four type of modified atmosphere packaging (70% CO2 + 30% N2) , (30% CO2 + 70% N2) , (47.5% N2 + 47.5% + 5% O2) and under vacuum. For packing samples were used different flexible multi-layer films, 3-layer{PET(12)/ AL(12)/LLD (100)},4-layer {PET(12)/AL(7) /PET(12)/LLD (100) } , and 3-layer { PET(12)/ AL(7)/LLD (100)}. Experiments were performed on samples as follows microbial test (aerobics count; mold and yeast count ; coliform count and chemical pH test, at different times 5,10 15,20 (during twenty days). The results were performed in a completely randomized design by SPSS (Ver:22) and Duncan’s new multiple range test, with confidence level of 95% (P <0.05). Using MAP was not enough to control spoilage, but it was delayed the spoilage process. Therefore, the using of packaging with 4-layers as a low water vapor transmition and gas composition (70% CO2 + 30% N2) as a high antimicrobial properties were used to maintain the long-term of Liquvan cheese during twenty days and have a good effect on the amount of pH was better.

Indigenous knowledge includes the findings and experiences of different groups of people living in a particular area and how to use different components of nature to solve problems and obstacles in the way of life in different eras. Villagers who have a long time in the use of plants and trees in daily life have great cultural and administrative potential, which have named different parts of plants and trees based on the type of need. In this regard, since Bibalan village is one of the villages near the forest in the east of Gilan province, the divisions of plant and tree components in special categories to separate their uses have special terms, which are accepted by all there are speakers in this area. Data collection in this study was done through interviews and observation through a survey. The results of the study showed that the inhabitants of this region have special divisions and categories for the plants and trees of the region. These names and categories are accepted and usable for all dialects of this region and convey a specific meaning for each name or word used.

Precision medicine is a new science that applies a broad and accurate order of information on individual diversity to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment by medication. The aim of this review study was to examine the various dimensions of the ethical challenges associated with this science. In this study after searching in databases such as PubMed, ISI and Scopus, 47 articles were obtained by exploring the purposeful texts on ethics in precision medicine, among which 38 articles were selected for review. From the survey of the total number of studies that were the criteria for entering this study, it is important that despite the fact that at first glance, the realization of the amazing goals of precision medicine and its growth requires large investments in the long run and with the economic challenges but the obstacles to the promotion of medical precision are cultural challenges. The only solution to the efforts of the advocates of this science is to understand and accept the ethical, economic, and political barriers to changing the culture for precision medicine upgrading. Studies show that precision medicine can provide a healthier alternative to healthcare with much better performance than it used to be, in the ethical framework, both in research and in the field of effective diagnosis and treatment. In the near future, we can expect rapid progress in science both in the field of research and in the clinical field.

Multiple sclerosis is a common neurological disorder that is characterized by inflammation, axonal destruction, and atrophy of the central nervous system. Carvacrol is a valuable phytoestrogenic compound that has been shown thus far to be effective reducing inflammation and protecting neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvacrol on the expression of IL-10 FOX-P3, IL-4, and TGF-β genes in the spinal cord of EAE (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) rats as an animal model of MS. EAE was induced in female Lewis rats and they then were divided into three groups: control, EAE model, and EAE treated with carvacrol. Carvacrol was injected daily intraperitoneally from days 12 to 29 after immunization. RNA was extracted from rat spinal cord tissue and changes in the expression of the IL-10, FOX-P3, IL-4, and TGF-β genes were examined by real-time PCR.The results showed induction of the MS experimental model in the Lewis rats decreased expression of the IL-10, IL-4, and TGF anti-inflammatory genes in spinal cord of rats. Treatment of EAE rats with carvacrol significantly increased IL-10 gene expression(p < 0.001), but showed no positive effect on the expression of the other two genes. The expression of the FOX-P3 gene in the model group increased significantly(p < 0.001), but this decreased after carvacrol treatment. With the effect of carvacrol on increasing IL-10 gene expression, reduce local inflammation and increase debris clearance, converts the invasive environment created for neurons into a safe environment and triggers remyelination.