Journal of Pathobiology Reaearch
Volume:23 Issue: 5, 2021

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and is one of the most common causes of pain and disability in adults. In the present study we investigated the level of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and the amount of joint friction after non-traumatic model of knee osteoarthrosis in guinea pig.

Twenty-four matured albino male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were assigned randomly into two groups; osteoarthrosis (OA) and control (n=12 in each group). The non-traumatic OA was induced by intra-articular injection of mono iodoacetate (MIA, 3 mg/kg) in the knee joint. Joint circumstance and weight of subjects were measured initially and after thirty days of MIA injection. After scarifying the animals on day 30, the level of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial membrane and knee joint friction were measured. Control group received no intervention and all evaluations were performed on the normal knee joint.

The induction of OA caused a significant increase in the joint circumstance compared to control group (P<0.05). 30 days after induced OA, the knee joint friction in flexion and extension movement was significantly increased compared to control group.  In OA group, the level of IL-1β and TNF-α showed a significant increase compared to control group (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between IL-1β, TNF-α and knee joint friction (P<0.01).

Non-traumatic osteoarthritis may increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines and joint friction, which in this condition the joint movement can aggravate cartilage damage.

VitaminD deficiency is a common problem, and it is related to increased risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. But vitaminD has a beneficial effect on insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of vitaminD supplementation with Pilates training on vitaminD status and insulin resistance in overweight men.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 50 men (45-55years) with overweight. Volunteers were selected through convenience sampling and were divided into Pilates training, VitaminD, combined, and control groups. The Pilates program was performed 3sessions/week, 60-75 minutes for session, with the intensity of 50-75% of reserve heart rate. The oral VitaminD received 50000 units of weekly. Data was analyzed by paired t, ANOVA and KruskalWallis tests with a p-value less than 0.05.

According findings, 60% and 40% of the subjects had deficienciy and insufficient levels of vitaminD, respectively. 8 weeks of Pilates training, VitaminD consumption and the combined intervention were associated with a significant increase in 25(OH)D and decreased glucose, insulin, and IR (P<0.05). But the effect of combination interventions and VitaminD consumption was greater on increasing levels of 25(OH)D than Pilates training. Combination intervention was also associated greater decrease in insulin and IR compared with VitaminD supplementation (P<0.05).

It seems that VitaminD, Pilates training and a combination of these interventions can improve the glycemic status and VitaminD in overweight people with low levels of vitaminD. Therefore, maintaining a normal status of vitamin D helps to develop the health of overweight people.

Fluid-electrolyte balance is a dynamic process that is necessary for the continuation of life and homeostasis. Disorders in the bodychrs electrolyte balance and renal dysfunction are related factors in aggravation of symptoms, mortality and length of hospital stay and treatment costs, so we decided To conduct a study by examining the status of electrolyte disorders and its related factors in patients admitted to Shohada Ghaen Educational and Medical Center.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed by census method on all patients admitted to Shohada Ghaen Hospital in 2017. The tools used in this research included a researcher-made checklist that had 11 items that were completed by the researcher. For data analysis, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation and frequency tables and chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis. Significance level was set at (P <0.05).

873 patients with a mean age of 22.92 ± 58.42 were studied. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between electrolyte disorders and the level of education, type of disease and disease ward (P <0.05).

Increasing knowledge and awareness has a great effect on the prevention of electrolyte disorders. Also, due to the relationship between electrolyte disorders and the type of disease, special attention should be paid to this issue.

In the present study the effect of aqueous extract of Fumaria which is a native Iranian herb on the promastigote and amasstigot under In vitro and In vivo condition.

The aqueous extract of the plant was prepared, then it was evaluated the effect of different concentration of aqueous extract under In vitro condition on promastigotes, uninfected macrophages and macrophages infected with amastigotes by counting, MTT and Flow Cytometyry were evaluated. IC50 was calculated for promastigotes. Also, the effects of aqueous extracts of Fumaria ointment on lesions caused by Leishmani major in BALB / c mice were examined.

  The calculated IC50 of Funaria extract on promastigotes after 72 h was 304.17 µg/ml. The effects of Fumaria extract showed effective limitation on lesion size. The survival rate for treated mice with Fumaria extract showed significant differences with control groups.

The results showed that aqueous extract of Fumaria has antileishmanial effects in vitro and invivo condition. Also aqueous extract of Fumaria showed low toxicity against macrophages than pentavalent antimonials.

Anion Exchange Protein 1 (AE1), also known as band 3, is one of the most abundant proteins in the red blood cell membrane and renal tubular a-intercalated cells with two different isoforms (eAE1 and kAE1, respectively). Mutations of the anion exchanger 1 (AE1) gene can cause hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA).

In the present Iranian families, five hereditary spherocytosis Patients with symptoms relative to kidney problems which investigated in from the Ali-Asghar Children’s Hospital. A patient suspected dRTA was employed for genetic analyses with whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing methods. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test in SPSS Statistic

Clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of 5 study patients were observed in growth retardation, Splenomegaly, and significant urine infection. Also, one of 5 patients showed severe failure to thrive, Short stature, repeated urinary infection, and weakness. We have found a Combination of a novel homozygote missense variant (c.2494C>T (p.Arg832Cys) in the anion exchanger 1 and a heterozygote missense variant in SPTA1 gene (c. 466C>T (p. Arg156Trp).

These results confirm the importance of Kidney failure with Hereditary Spherocytosis diseases. The combination of two mutations in the Patient 3 manifested as incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in the affected patient. We reported for the first time, clinical and genetic characteristics of incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis disease in the affected patient.

Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) should considerably ameliorate the recovery of the immune system in HIV infected patients. In some patients a failure to satisfactorily increase CD4 counts on ART despite successful virological control did occur, named discordant immune response (DIR).  The aim of this study is the evaluation of CD28, CXCL12, FOS genes in patients with DIR.

In current study, after PBMC isolation, RNA was extracted for two groups; Control group (immunologic responders) and case group (non immunologic responders). Real-time relative quantitative PCR was performed in duplicate using One Step PrimeScript™ RT-PCR Kit and data analyzed by using GraphPad prism software version 8.0.2.

The expression levels in the case group compared to the control group were measured for CD28, CXCL12, FOS. The Fold change ratio for CD28 and CXCL12 were (0.46), (0.19) respectively and in both of them, a significant decrease was observed. The Fold change ratio for FOS was (0.70) and no statistically significant was observed.

we showed significantly decrease in the expression of CD28 and CXCL12 genes in the case group compared to control group, but we couldn’t say, this low expression of these genes are the reason of the low count of CD4 T cells. The more investigation is necessary for it, if the suppression of these genes can impact on proliferation of CD4 T cells, in-vitro.

Background and target:

 Salmonella typhimurium is a gram-negative rod-forming bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and Is one of the most common foodborne pathogens, that With several pathogenic factors, including toxins, Secretory proteins, and secretory system T3SS(That Causes fluid secretion And inflammation), Etc It can a suitable candidate for this stud. The purpose of this study, Evaluation of the cytotoxicity effect of bacterial protein fractions on growth and proliferation of melanoma cancer cells, which is the most resistant type of skin cancer.

In this experimental study, the cancer cell line (BL16) melanoma was used. Different bacterial fractions were prepared by the ammonium sulfate method. Interaction of cancer cells with different concentrations of Salmonella typhimurium fractions was studied. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay at 24 and 48 hours.

 MTT test results with fractions (Bacteria lysate in culture medium, 80% deposition of lysate proteins, 30% deposition of lysate proteins, 80% deposition on culture media, and 30% deposition on culture media) The highest effect was observed at concentrations of 9.25,30, 8, 72, 10.75 μg / ml, respectively.

Results show that bacterial fractions of Salmonella typhimurium have high toxicity and lethal effect on melanoma cancer cells. These compounds can be suggested and used as an alternative or complementary to cancer therapy.

Aims :

Using nanomaterials in cancer therapy has shown that this kind of treatment is more efficient with fewer side effects. A considerable number of nanomaterials that can be used in cancer therapy are introduced; among them, graphene attracts most of the scientistchr('39')s attention due to its unique features. In this study, the graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized and reduced by gelatin for cellular delivery of an anticancer drug, curcumin, .

Materials and Methods:

 GO was synthesized by hummer method and reduced by gelatin. Curcumin anticancer drug was loaded on the synthesized nanocarriers via hydrophobe-hydrophobe interaction.

Findings :

Chemical, physical and biological assays have been done to evaluate the synthesis and surface modification. In the next step, the drug loading efficiency was obtained by the UV-Vis  spectroscopy method.

GO is successfully synthesized, with the average size of 300nm. AFM pictures of GO before and after reduction show an increase in thickness that proves the presence of gelatin on the surface. From the cytotoxicity assay on L292 cell line, it can be concluded that surface modification was effective because GO showed remarkable toxicity while gelatin-rGO does not show any toxicity even at a concentration of 200 μgml-1. Also, the drug loading efficiency is obtained at 78%. Therefore, the gelatin-rGO with excellent stability and biocompatibility can be suggested as a drug carrier applicable in biomedical studies.