مجله جامعه شناسی ایران
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 70، زمستان 1399)

This research intends to read "Sayed Fakhreddin Shadman"'s idea of modernity and its issues in the framework of Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse analysis, what negative or positive approach to modernity, and its origin in the West, is formed in Shadman's discourse. And what a system of meanings and concepts it has created in the face of modernity and the resulting identity gaps. He formulates his question and answer about how this confrontation and absorption or rejection of the necessities and times of Western civilization in the book Conquest of Western Civilization in the 1320s, and believes in modernity guided and planned in the chain of indigenous discourses. The progress of the West is limited to its science, and this knowledge must be acquired before the other elements of the aggressive Western culture can subjugate the subjects of the traditional socio-cultural situation and deprive them of the content of their identity. Shadman does not consider the project of conquering Western civilization possible except with self-awareness and national unity, which he considers both possible by elaborating on the central sign of the Persian language as a representation of national identity and wisdom, and tries to create a defining character in Persian. Raise the scattered from its humble, modernized or traditionalized position to a cohesive and integrated position of the conscious and original self, so that the subject can localize modernity through this self-awareness and free Iran from the situation of domination and conquest of the West.

The Present Study, Using Data Of Family National Survey, Intends To Consider The Factors Related To The Occurrence Of Conflict Between Couples From A Social Perspective And On A Large And National Scale. The Results Show That Increase In Level Of Right-Seeking Behavior, Cultural Capital, Modern Attitude Towards Marriage, Education Of Couples, Modern Gender Attitude, Job Pressure, Attitude Towards Family Trust In Society And The Variable Of Observing Violence Between Parents, Conflict Between Couples Also Increases And Vice Versa. In Addition, Increase In The Variables Of Independent Variables Of Life Satisfaction, Sexual Satisfaction, Number Of Years Of Marriage And Age Of Individuals Reduces Their Conflict With Their Spouse And Vice Versa. Among The Independent Variables Of The Study, Right-Seeking Behavior With Beta (0.202) And Observation Of Violence Between Parents With Beta (0.145), Respectively, Have The Most Direct Effect On Changes In The Variable Of Conflict Between Couples. A Noteworthy Point About The Factors Related To The Occurrence Of Conflict Between Couples That Was Highlighted In This Study Is That Contrary To The Prevailing Perception That Generally Emphasizes Economic Factors In The Occurrence Of Conflict Between Couples, It Is Cultural, Value And Non-Economic Factors That Have A Significant And Greater Impact On Couple Conflict In Today's Society.

Whth the change in the traditional role of the family, the culture of entrusting the elderly to nursing homes is increasing. The main purpose of this study is to compare the quality of life of the elderly living in a home and a nursing home. The method is comparative and the statistical population includes 160 elderly people (80 people living in a house and 80 people living in a nursing home) in Hamedan which have been selected by two methods of census (nursing home) and available sampling (living in a home). The questionnaires for data collection and for analysis, independent t-test and multivariate regression and path analysis were used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of life of the elderly living at home and the elderly living in nursing homes (t = 2.73 and sig = 0.001). Multivariate regression showed that the elderly living in a nursing home have a lower quality of life than the elderly living at home and the variables of social health, social support and life expectancy are strong predictors of changes in the quality of life of the elderly. Path analysis showed that social support in both groups has the greatest indirect impact on the quality of life of the elderly. Given that living in a nursing home as a new lifestyle is inevitable and Like an iron cage enclosing the elderly, Families and officials should work to increase the quality of life of the elderly.

What is the relationship between religious groups and organizations and civil society in the Middle East? The article argues that religious groups and organizations have historically played an important role in the public spheres in Muslim societies. Although the emergence of modern states in the Middle East has transformed the structures and the functions of religious institutions, they remain influential actors of civil societies in most Arab countries of the Middle East. To gather the data, we employed library and documentary research methods. The article, first, would discuss the dominant theories of civil society reasoning against the possibility of the emergence of civil society in this region. Then, through the critical re-evaluation of these theories, it would argue that a comprehensive understanding of the structures of public spheres in the mentioned societies, cannot be achieved without taking into consideration their social, cultural, and political characteristics. To prove its claim, we would refer to historical experiences of religious institutions of civil societies in some Muslim countries such as Egypt, Iran, and Sudan. At the end, we would suggest four theoretical approaches which could be applied to sociological studies of civil society in Islamic countries of the Middle East.

This paper seeks to analyze new forms of alienation in the postmodern era. To this end, following an explanation of “postmodern era” and theories generated in this era, concepts of "alienation" and "postmodern alienation" will be explored. Finally, an explanation is offered of the genesis of “postmodern alienation”. This paper argues that in postmodern era the concept of “difference” became the most central theme in both social theories and new social movements. By questioning modern meta-narratives, postmodernism sought to recognize the particular, the marginal and the cultural. In this era, theorizing about the concept of “difference” was simultaneous with blacks, women, postcolonial and other social movements. Focus on “difference,” however, resulted in the emergence of forms of knowledge and consciousness incapable of acknowledging similarities with others. Consequently, “postmodern alienation” prevents both social theories and social movements from understanding the logic of neoliberal capitalism and its ties with cultural postmodernism.

Global studies have shown a significant difference between environmental behaviors of men and women have indicated to the role of women in move towards sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to explain and analysis of effective indicators of pro environmental behaviors emphasizing on the role of gender in the citizens of Tehran city. The findings have shown that there are many internal and external factors influencing on environmental behaviors. The current article is a descriptive survey using quantitative content analysis method look to the effective factors of pro environmental behaviors of citizens. The sample size is 641 people and Tehran city is the spatial territory of this study. Data gathered by questionnaire has been analyzed via statistical analysis methods independent two -sample T test and Pearson correlation coefficient within SPSS software environment. The statistical analysis has shown that the role of gender in pro environmental behaviors is significant.