مجله فیض
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 118، خرداد و تیر 1400)

Increased oxidative stress following maternal hypoxia is an important mechanism for postpartum motor response impairment. Because of the fact that the use of supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids has a protective role for the nervous system, in this study, the protective mechanism of fish oil during pregnancy stress by the hypoxia model on the motor coordination of male rat offspring was investigated.

In this experimental study, pregnant female rat (Wistar) were randomly divided into five experimental groups: control (without treatment), sham (saline recipient), hypoxia (%10 O2, %90 N2, 6 to 15 days of pregnancy), fish oil (1 ml), and hypoxia group treated with fish oil. To study the protective mechanism of fish oil, serum sampling of mothers and offspring was done to measure oxidative stress indicators. Motor activity and balance were examined in the 30-day-old offspring by open field and rotarod tests. Data were statistically assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test.

While fish oil treatment increased motor activity in the fish oil/hypoxia group compared to the hypoxia group and decreased oxidative stress (P<0.05), motor and oxidative stress parameters decreased and increased in hypoxia group compared to the sham group, respectively.

According to the results, fish oil treatment during chronic maternal hypoxia can improved motor activity and balance by reducing oxidative stress caused by hypoxia.

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disease that is specified by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperaminoacidemia and hyperinsulinemia. This study aimed to assesses the effects of extracts of aerial sections of Echinophora platyloba on function tests of liver, kidney, and fat profiles of diabetic male rats induced by Streptozocin.

45 head male rat were divided into 5 diabetic control groups and 3 case diabetic groups that received alcoholic extracts of Echinophora platyloba in the doses of 75, 150, 300 mg/kg in the form of gavage. Diabetes induction was performed using intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin with the dose of 50 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken from all groups at the end of day 21 and the rate of the factors were measured and analyzed.

The rate of ALP, SGPT, HDL, LDL, cholestrol, uric acid and creatinine indicated a significant change. The rate of triglycerides and albumin indicated a decreasing and an increasing significant change than the control group, respectively. The rate of BUN and total protein indicated a decreasing and an increasing significant change than the control group, respectively. The rate of SGOT in the case group receiving the minimum extract dose (75mg/kg) indicated a decreasing significant change than the medium extract (150mg/kg).

The extract of Echinophora platyloba especially in the low doses causes hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic due to its antioxidant properties and increase in thyroid hormones. Moreover, some studies indicate the side effects of the extract to some organs. So, its consumption should be used in suitable doses.

Exercise and diabetes have opposite effects on GLUT4 protein, but its mechanism has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of six weeks of endurance training on protein levels of GLUT4 and HDAC5 in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in diabetic rats.

32 male Wistar rats (weight: 245±9.4 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control, exercise, diabetic, diabetic-exercise. At 8 weeks of age, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The endurance training was performed for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last session, the mice were sacrificed and EDL muscle was extracted. The protein levels of GLUT4 and HDAC5 were measured using ELISA method. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data at a significant level of P<0.05.

Results showed significant differences in GLUT4 levels between control and diabetic (P=0.0005), diabetic-exercise and diabetic (P=0.0005) and diabetic and exercise groups (P=0.0005). Also, the results showed that there was no significant difference in HDAC5 protein levels between control and exercise (P=0.138), diabetic-exercise and diabetic (P=0.229) and exercise and diabetic groups (P=0.306), and there was a significant difference between the other groups (P<0.05). Also, There was a non-significant inverse relationship between GLUT4 and HDAC5 protein levels (r=-0.169, P=0.354).

The positive effect of endurance training on GLUT4 protein levels was greater in the diabetic than in the healthy group. Although endurance training had a positive effect on GLUT4 and HDAC5 levels and effect on GLUT4 protein was greater and more significant.

Niosomes are multi-layered vesicles that are used as one of the new targeted drug delivery systems. This study aimed to synthesize niosome loaded A. chamamelifolia extract to investigate its biological effects.

In this experimental study, which was conducted at the Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, from January 2019 to September 2020, a niosomal nanocarrier was fabricated using a thin layer-film method, and the A. chamemifolia extract was loaded on it. Subsequently, its physical and chemical properties were confirmed using SEM, FTIR and DLS methods. Finally, its antimicrobial and anti-cancer effects against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were investigated using micro-dilution and MTT methods, respectively and the expression of Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic genes were studied via quantitative Real Time PCR.

The results of this study showed that the synthesized niosome loaded extract had a spherical structure and its size was less than 200 nm. The results exhibited that niosome loaded extract had significant antimicrobial and anti-cancer effects compared to the free extract and the expression of Bax and Bcl2 genes were decreased and increased, respectively 4.16±0.41 (P<0.01) and 0.61±0.17 (P<0.05).

it can be concluded that niosome is one of the suitable nanocarriers for drug delivery of A. chamemifolia extract for cytotoxic purposes and can be used as an effective nano-carrier to deliver the extract to the target tissue with further studies.

Consumption of carbohydrates before physical activity, by maintaining glycogen, leads to better performance and less muscle damage. This study aimed to compare the effect of glucose (glu) and fructose (fru) intake before physical activity on lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in non-athlete teen boys.

The present study was a clinical trial with a single-blind crossover experimental group. 10 male students (17-19 years) in Zahedan, were purposefully and accessibly voluntarily selected. Stage1, take a blood sample after 30 minutes of glu uptake (75g/350ml water) then do EE (Running on a treadmill with a slope of 5% and an intensity of 82% of maximum heart rate) and after 5 minutes, the second blood sampling was performed. After 10 days, the stage2 was performed for fru. In both stages, lactate and LDL levels were measured before and after EE. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures and independent t-test. Statistical analysis was performed using spss 19 software (P≤0.05).

The results showed that lactate increased after EE after glu (P˂0.001) and fru (P˂0.001) and between lactate levels after EE after glu and fru, no difference was observed (P=0.062). There was no difference in LDH after EE after glu (P=0.332) and fru (P=0.282) and LDH levels after EE after fru compared to after glu intake increased (P=0.032).

There is no significant difference between taking glu and fru supplements before EE on lactate levels and fatigue caused by it, but glu consumption compared to taking fru before EE can prevent possible muscle damage.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating disorder in which communication skills are severely impaired. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of supportive therapy and illness management on communication skills of schizophrenic patients.

This quasi-experimental study was performed with a post-test pretest design with a control group. The sample consisted of 30 patients with schizophrenia who were randomly selected from among patients with schizophrenia admitted to Shafa Hospital in Rasht in 2019 and were divided into 3 groups of 10 (two experimental groups and one control group). The communication skills questionnaire and Christie Forsyth (1996) interactive questionnaire before and after the training were used to collect data. Supportive therapy and illness management were performed in groups on each of the experimental groups and during this period the control group did not receive any intervention. Research data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Uman-Witni tests

The results showed that supportive therapy and illness management had an effect on increasing communication skills. But there was no difference between the effectiveness of supportive therapy and illness management in communication skills (P <0.01).

These findings indicate that supportive therapy and illness management can be used to improve the quality of life of schizophrenic patients along with other treatments or in combination.

One of the factors affecting the performance of employees in organizations is job stress, which endangers the health of many of them; therefore this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of occupational stress educational package and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the perceived job stress.

Research method of combined-exploratory type which in a quantitative it was a clinical trial. For this purpose, the statistical population included all employees of Tomkarchr('39')s company in Isfahan. Using targeted sampling, 45 employees were selected and randomly assigned to three groups. The Parker and Decotiis job stress questionnaire (1983) was used to collect information. The experimental groups received training in 8 sessions (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy) and 8 sessions (researcher-made occupational stress educational package) in 90 minutes, respectively.

Mean and standard deviation of job stress were in pre-test, post-test and follow-up of control group (0.55±2.10, 0.38±2.51, 0.74±2.62) training package group (0.83±23.3, 0.66±2.27, 0.75±2.01)) and cognitive therapy group (1.04±2.36, 0.73±1.89, 37.0±1.77). The obtained results showed that occupational stress educational package has a greater impact on perceived job stress than mindfulness-based cognitive therapy approach and this effectiveness continued in the follow-up (P=0.002≤0.05).

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy approaches and occupational stress educational package in industrial and organizational environments can be used to reduce employee stress.

Happiness is the most important components in the mental health of patients with multiple sclerosis. Spiritual counseling is a traditional intervention to alleviate illness and promote health. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the effect of spiritual counseling on happiness among patients with multiple sclerosis.

This clinical trial study was performed on 50 patients with multiple sclerosis in Kashan in 2020. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (receiving spiritual counseling for one month in eight sessions of 60 minutes and two sessions per week) and control. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was completed by both groups before, immediately after and one month after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using mixed analysis of variance (between-within groups) test.

The results showed that the mean of happiness in the group receiving spiritual counseling after the intervention and one month after it was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001).

The results of the present study showed that spiritual counseling promotes happiness in patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, the approach of spiritual counseling can be used as a useful and effective intervention in improving the happiness of these patients. Further studies are recommended.

Endodontic treatment is an important part of dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of root canal treatment performed by dental students at the faculty of dentistry of Kashan University of Medical Sciences.

In the present cross-sectional study 182 patients with a history of root canal treatment performed by dental students in the past year entered, and radiographs of the treated tooth and palpation test was evaluated. In this study, radiographs were evaluated by three observers: To evaluate the radiographs, PAI was used. Based upon that score 1 and 2 is healed, score 3 is uncertain and score 4 and 5 is unhealed. The Cohenchr('39')s kappa coefficient was used to assess agreement between observers.

In our study, 63% of patients were healed, 16% of patients were in uncertain range, and 21% of patients did not recover. There was a meaningful agreement in comparison of the results evaluated by the observers including: an endodontist, a radiologist and a general dentist with the palpation test (P<0.005). Also, there was a meaningful agreement in the scoring by the observers.

The quality of root canal treatment performed by dental students of dental school of Kashan University of Medical Sciences was in favorable range.

In recent decades, the concept of health-oriented lifestyle has been the focus of social research and studies individual and collective health-related behaviors as a phenomenon with multiple implications.

The present study was performed using meta-analysis method. The statistical population of the study includes all studies on health and health lifestyle from 2006 to the end of 2019 and from a total of 65 studies, finally 11 studies were selected as a sample and based on CMA2 software reviewed.

The socio-economic base variable with an effect size of 0.085 had the greatest effect on health lifestyle and among the variables of age, sex and education, the effect size of the sex variable with a rate of 0.66 is more than the other two variables. Among the social variables, only the size of the social capital effect is significant with a value of 0.053. In the discussion of diffusion bias, the results of the funnel diagram and the bag and mesome test show that most studies are in the middle level of the funnel, and according to the bag and mesome test, which is greater than 0.05, the results of the N-test are safe from error. Another 131 studies need to be conducted to cast doubt on current research estimates.

It seems that among the structural factors, economic and social status and social capital and among the underlying factors, gender variable has the highest impact on improving the quality of health-oriented lifestyle.

Renal system deposits are uncommon in the neonatal period and its exact prevalence is not fully understood. The present study was conducted due to the lack of a similar study in Iran aimed to determine the prevalence of renal sediment and the factors affecting its occurrence in Iranian neonates and to compare with similar studies in other communities.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 200 infants who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit of Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran in 2017, were included in the study by available sampling method. The mean age of the newborn was 4.06 days, of which 117 were boys (58.5%) and 83 were girls (41.5%).

The results showed that the overall prevalence of kidney deposits was 2.5%, including 2% nephrolithiasis and 0.5% nephrocalcinosis and there was a statistically significant relationship between the type of renal sediment and the age of the neonates at the time of admission, oxygen and ventilator use (P<0.001), also.

Based on the results of this study, the prevalence of renal deposits (nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis) in neonates admitted to the intensive care unit was lower than similar reports in other communities.