فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، زمستان 1399)

The plant is a rich source of alkaloids that are distributed in all parts of the plant. The presence of valuable alkaloids in all parts of the plant has led to its introduction as a very important medicinal plant and its properties to be investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of growth regulatory treatments on the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids of Parvanesh medicinal plant in culture. Tissue, suspension culture and field culture were performed. The experiment was performed in three separate cultures, including tissue culture, suspension culture, field culture and the effect of simultaneous use of IAA and NAA growth regulators on the amount of alkaloids produced by the butterfly plant. . IAA hormones in three concentrations (0.1, 0.5 mg / L) and NAA (0.1, 0.5 0.5 mg / L) in three replications in a completely randomized field design Karaj Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute was established in 1398. The experimental results showed that NAA increased the alkaloids of agemalicin, serpentine and increased the total alkaloids by about 20%. Among the growth regulators studied, IAA showed a decreasing effect on changes in alkaloid levels, and in some cases this decrease was about 10%. Also, the use of suspension culture method increased alkaloids and in field cultivation, the amount of total alkaloids increased compared to other methods. Based on the results of this experiment, it seems that the use of method In many cases, suspension cultivation has a relatively better advantage than the other two groups.

In this research, antibiogram, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were conducted with specific concentrations of rifampin antibiotic and garlic extract (garlic tablet). Biofilm phenotypic test was performed with 96 wells microplate and with different concentrations of rifampin and garlic. Following the extraction of RNA from rifampin and garlic-affected specimens, as well as control, cDNA synthesis and then real time PCR were performed and the icaD gene expression level was measured in the samples. The results of MIC and MBC under rifampin treatment and the combination of garlic and rifampin for all strains were 375 and 750 μg/ml, respectively. Based on Real time PCR results, icaD gene expression was influenced by garlic extract and rifampin, and decreased significantly in the strains. In addition, the rifampin composition and garlic extract resulted in a further reduction in the expression of this gene. Garlic extract and rifampin in the standard strain reduced the icaD expression to 38% and 56%, respectively and the combination of rifampin and garlic extract led to a reduction of 67% of the icaD biofilm gene expression.

Gene expression ‎regulators and mutations are a kind of biomarker and new ‎therapeutic target for human diseases like cancer. LncRNAs are involved in Several regulatory processes. RNA components of ‎mitochondrial RNA processing ‎endoribonuclease is a lncRNA that its ‎regulatory position has been identified ‎in some cancers. Regarding the importance of the RMRP gene, we are investigating changes in the expression of this gene that are caused by promoter region mutations in breast cancer patients. In this study, LncRNA RMRP gene expression was evaluated on 25 tumor samples and 25 control samples by semi-quantitative RT PCR technique, and confirmed by Real time PCR technique for a number of samples. Also, to detect the mutation in the promoter region of the LncRNA RMRP gene, DNA extraction and sequencing were performed. The expression of the RMRP gene in tumor samples showed a significant increase relative to control samples. Expression of RMRP gene was shown a significant decrease in positive HER2 samples compared to negative HER2 specimens and a significant increase in positive metastatic tumor samples compared to negative metastatic samples . Also, sequencing of the promoter region revealed differences in the region's sequence in tumor and normal samples.Based on sequencing results, there was no mutation in the RMRP promoter sequence of the tumor . The RMRP gene can be suggested as a tumor and metastatic marker for the detection of breast cancer. But more clinical and molecular research is still needed to prove it more accurately.

Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment method of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer disease aimed at slowing down the cancer cells growth by reducing the concentration of androgen in the blood. However, only some patients respond to the androgen deprivation therapy effectively. In the other patients, the population of cancer cells reduce temporarily, and the cancer recurrence will be observed shortly after the treatment. In this paper, the response mechanism of cancer cells to the androgen deprivation therapy is analyzed by modeling the treatment based on the evolutionary dynamic which is fully supported by clinical observations. The study determines the group of patients on whom the androgen deprivation therapy is effective and the group on whom it is ineffective or even harmful. In the following, by simulating the treatment process under different schedules of abiraterone administration, the results of different treatment methods will be determined and appropriate schedules are discussed.

The study of vegetative structures of plants is effective in the development of biology and is one of the research methods in the field of taxonomy. Agrimonia eupatoria L. is a valuable medicinal plant of the Rosaceae. Due to weak germination and time-consuming growth in the natural habitat, tissue culture is a good method to accelerate the propagation of this plant. In the present study, the anatomical structure of vegetative organs in the in vivo plants was compared with the in vitro plants. Roots, stems, leaves, and petioles of plants in both groups were sampled and fixed in alcohol-glycerine and manual cutting was performed. The samples were stained with Carmen/Methylene blue. The results showed that the general structures in both samples are similar but in the regenerated plants, the density of protective tissues was lower than the in vivo plants (number of layers of collenchyma tissue was less and there was no sclerenchyma). Vascular bundles in the stem, leaves, and petiole of both groups were seen as bicollateral. The number of palisade parenchyma layers and spongy parenchyma layers in the leaves of both groups was similar. The macle crystal structures were observed in the parenchyma of stem and petiole in both groups, but its number was lower in regenerated plants. On the stem and leaves of this plant, there were numerous trichomes that the numbers of trichomes in the regenerated plants were less than natural plants.

Kidney stone is one of the most important diseases of the urinary tract and the most important cause of death due to urinary tract disease. The prevalence of urinary tract disease is increasing and therefore more effective and low-risk therapies are needed for treatment. Melon seeds have been suggested for the treatment of kidney diseases such as kidney stones. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of melon seed on renal expression of osteopontin and lithostathin coding genes in male rats with kidney stones. Induction of calcium oxalate kidney stone was performed by oral treatment of ammonium chloride (3 days) and ethylene glycol (38 days) in male rats. Potassium citrate and hydro-ethanolic extract of melon seed were treated orally with ethylene glycol for 38 days. After 41 days, the animals were anesthetized and their right kidney was removed for evaluation of renal expression of osteopontin and lithostathin coding genes by real-time PCR. Results showed that daily oral administration of potassium citrate and extract (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) significantly increased the expression of osteopontin coding gene (spp1) in experimental rats compared to control group (p <0.001). Also, daily oral administration of potassium citrate and extract significantly increased lithostathin coding gene (reg1a) expression in experimental rats compared to control group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, melon seed extract can improve kidney stone disease by enhancing the expression of osteopontin and lithostathin-encoding genes and is more effective than potassium citrate in treating the disease.

In this research, the effect of type and concentration of BAP and 2,4-D plant growth regulators on callogenesis of hypocotyl and leaf explants of Portulaca oleracea in MS medium containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L of 2,4-D and BAP and optimization of cell suspension culture with different plant growth regulators in MS medium containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 and 1 mg/L BAP, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L Kin each one containing 20 and 30 g/l sucrose concentration, were investigated. Based on the results, both of the samples had 100 percentage callus induction, but the function of hypocotyl callus was significantly higher than the leaf callus. MS culture media containing 2 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l BAP And 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D, all containing 150 mg/l ascorbic acid in both explants have the highest yield (wet weight of callus). In the cell suspension culture, there was a significant difference between treatments with the plant growth regulators in terms of number of cells in per ml, SCV, PCV and treatment duration.