نشریه زمین شناسی محیط زیست
پیاپی 52 (پاییز 1399)

Iran is one of the water-scarce countries in the world. The management of available water resources is one of the most important issues in water engineering. Part of the water in the surface and underground is combined with heavy metals and their quality is reduced. This article examines the quality of water resources in Garmsar plain. The required data was obtained in the field from wells and soil of the region and GMS software was used for modeling. In the following, a solution is presented to improve the existing situation and the result is compared with the current situation. The results showed that Scenario 2 had the greatest impact on the reduction of heavy metals and on the other hand Scenario 4 had the least impact on the values. If the solution is used, the amount of heavy metals in the water of Garmsar plain will be reduced.

A very small amount of heavy metals such as mercury (II) can disrupt brain expansion and motor disabilities and generates cognitive. This study aimed to use a simple and rapid method to remove and measure small amounts of mercury (II) ions in aqueous samples. In the present method, carbon nanotubes carboxylated have been used to improve the removal and preconcentration of mercury (II). Parameters such as extraction pH, amount and type of eluent solvent, extraction time, ion effect, etc. have been optimized for the pre-concentration of mercury (II) by the adsorbent. Absorption measurements were performed to estimate mercury (II) using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed the proper efficiency of this method in the adsorption of mercury (II) ions.The parameter of concentration, level of detection (LOD) of this procedure, and relative standard deviation test (RSD %) achieved as 20.83, 6 µg L-1, and 1.16%, respectively. The dispersive solid-phase extraction method using carbon nanotubes carboxylated adsorbent indicates suitable of the reproducibility, level of detection (LOD), and concentration factor for the determination of mercury (II), also this method was introduced as an efficient method for the removal of mercury (II) ions from environmental aqueous samples.

Due to the consequences of falling groundwater levels in this study, land subsidence in Shahriar and Mallard plains due to groundwater abstraction has been investigated and its impact on infrastructure is investigated and determined. For this purpose, after collecting the statistics of water wells in the region and determining the characteristics of the aquifer and items such as depth of groundwater level, annual harvest and distribution of wells, the initial data were obtained, then by specifying the thickness of alluvium and layers Sediment taro of the bedrock of the area was identified from exploratory boreholes and well logs, diversity of stratification and sediment type in the area. Determining the immediate and consolidation meeting, the annual subsidence rate is calculated and the amount of subsidence in the study area is determined through satellite data from 2014 to 2020. During these years, the results showed that the highest subsidence rate in the region is 8 cm.

The main purpose of this study is to study the geomorphological instabilities resulting from the Ozgeleh earthquake in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces using field studies and satellite images and their zoning. The region affected by this earthquake is very prone to various movements and geomorphological instabilities. The reasons for this are the presence of young Zagros folds along with the operation of their cutting faults, which have caused severe fractures in the region. To conduct this study, first, the geomorphological instabilities of the index that were effective in intensifying the damage caused by the earthquake were identified. Then, using topographic maps, geology, satellite images and field operations, their location was determined. These instabilities include landslides, rock falls and avalanches, currents, hilltop ruptures, and landslides. Using multi-criteria decision making (MADM) method, the study area was zoned in terms of instabilities. The zoning results showed that the two very high risk classes and the high risk class with a total area of ​​6558 square kilometers, i.e. more than 28% of the study area and among the factors affecting the occurrence of instabilities, land age factors Histology, distance from fault and slope with 0.23, 0.22 and 0.15 points, respectively, have the greatest impact on creating instabilities in the region. The adaptation of the instability zoning map to the instability distribution map indicates the greater adaptation of the instabilities, including landslides, rock falls, and subsidence, to high-risk classes.

Sulfur is an organic and mineral in coal and is one of the most disturbing elements in the steel industry.The high percentage of sulfur in Tabas coal is considered as a polluting and harmful element. Sulfur, in addition to reducing the production efficiency of coking plants, causes environmental pollution. The study of reducing the amount of sulfur by physical methods such as flotation is one of the goals of this paper.Investigation of coal samples in flotation method and effective factors in increasing the efficiency of sulfur separation are investigated .Factors such as ash content, the effect of collectors and Foam maker, mechanicalproperties and floating cells conditions are considered.The amount of collector, the amount of foaming and pulp percentage and the remaining time are the parameters that are effective in reducing the sulfur content of the flotation method.By increasing the amount of Gasoil collector, the amount of recycling and the amount of pyrite sulfur decreases with a slow process. Increasing or reducing excessive engine speed reduces the rate of desulfurization. Increasing pulp percentages on reducing sulfur and reducing ash increases recycling rates.

The Natanz intrusive complex (NIC) is located in the West of Natanz city and in the Orumieh -Dokhtar magmatic belt. Natanz complex is composed of two types of mafic igneous rocks, including gabbro and diorite. The gabbroic unit was cut by granitoid rocks, so gabbro is the oldest igneous rock units in the area. The geological study of the intrusion of diorite to gabbro igneous rocks has been done by petrology and geochemical studies.The intrusive rocks of the area all belong to a common magma, which has been subdivided in its magma chamber after the first replacement. The distribution and pattern of the rare earth elements (REE) are the same and these igneous rocks are enriched in LREE. The similarity of the REE patterns in these rocks, is an evidence that they have common origin. According geochemical and geodynamical studies on diorite to gabbroic rocks in the area, these igneous rocks show sub alkaline, calk alkaline and meta aluminous to per aluminous natures. Because amount of H2O and evaluated pressure, the crystallization liquid phase had 950 – 1000 °C for intermediate intrusive rocks in Natanz complex. This is because of more calcium content. The behavior of major and trace elements especial in silicate minerals suggested that fractional crystallization of magma was the main role in the magmatic evolution of these rocks. The position of incompatible elements is more in harmony with subduction. The high amount of plagioclasein gabbros show that crystallization of magma happened in high pressure. The petrological evidences indicate that the igneous rocks were formed in volcanic arc environment.