فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 31، تابستان 1397)

 Land use planning is the result of reflection and continuous operation of the order and human groups at different scales is (rural, urban, regional, national and even international in some instances) Coordinating the distribution of human and economic activities in relation to the supply of natural resources. Land use planning to improve the quality of life in the service of man he is. Land use and landoneach property maybe based ona number of purposes, butwhen successfull and use planning isdoneon the basis of knowledge ofthe geographical space.Needs and goals of the organization and activities of the population (land use planning) in terms of geographical foundations, including the tasks and goals of the geography, and the purpose ofland use planning, construction, environmental and regional development, are common geography and land use planningis Inorder to achievethis objective optimalorideal to explain the spatial system – activeareas of sustainable development and land use planning at the district levelis placed. Land useissuesandtopicsareimportantinthe fieldof geographyto studytheland use planning, zoning-the proposedlanduseandland user egulationsdeals The study also tried to take advantage of the latest scientific achievements in the field of common geography and land use planning,Land usean adaptiverolein explaining the relationship between geography and development in areas with special emphasis on border-South Coastaddressed.The purposeof this paperis to assess the comparative role of land use planningin there lationship between geography withan emphasis on conceptual development in the south ofthe country.

 Today, desertification is one of the most important natural phenomena that losses sometimes "irreparably affect human life. This phenomenon will gradually capture its surroundings and cause impoverishment and migration of affected areas." Assessment and Monitoring this natural phenomenon is one of the basic plans of regional planners to deal with it. Monitoring this phenomenon in Iran, which has more than two thirds of it in the dry and semi-arid region and has fragile ecosystems, is of paramount importance. Due to this, the IMDPA's native model was developed for its evaluation. In this study, for the purpose of the evaluation of the desertification intensity of Kerman plain was based on the IMDPA model with emphasis on water and climate criteria. The results showed that the climate class desertification class did not change during the ten-year statistical period (2003-2013) and is in the middle class and also the class Meanwhile, desertification was determined, and the results showed that in the water criterion the area of low desertification intensity was reduced and the average desertification class area was increased and eventually it became clear that with the passage of time, the desertification conditions of the region became worse, even the desert class Severe growth has also been observed in some areas, especially in the western and southeastern parts of Kerman plain.

Refer to the growing pollution of water resources and importance of their constant monitoring, in this section comprehensive review of rare elements and heavy metals in underground water in some parts of Mahneshan city and Dandi region was done to check the effects of mineral actions, related industries and agricultural activities in this region. During the research 12 samples from 6 deep rural drinking water provider wells were selected in 3 times and analyzed with ICP-OES for heavy metals such as (Lead,Arsenic,Cadmium, chrom).The highest level of contamination was compared with the guides of America's environmental protection agent and Iran's national standard. Results showed that measured elements were below the allowed level. Also human health risk was assessed, using EPA factor. Average of heavy metals's density in spring for Lead, Arsenic, Chrome and Cadmium was 0.00083, 0.0024 and 0.00079 and in summer 0.00090, 0.0029 and 0.00080 mg/l. Results showed that there is not any significant statistical difference between results of heavy metals's density that was measured with world and national standards. Assessment results for relation between risk of heavy metals and health of region residents was calculated 19*5-10 for cancer related diseases and 4*6-10 for nonrelated ones. Results of measured density of heavy metal and its comparison with standards (Iran’s national standard, world hygiene organization's standards, America's environmental protection agent) illustrated that the region of study is not threatened with any hygienic risk.

Collection of reviews and analyzes In the case of fire events and the operation of the fire brigade, Indicates the major constraints and limitations in information management, Locating and also assessing disasters from the point of view of crisis management. Therefore, the orientation of this paper is to provide an optimal management pattern in this field. Type of research in terms of applied purpose, And in terms of method and descriptive-analytical nature. In this context, describing the practical implications of the crisis, classification of crisis, crisis management, risk management, information management patterns, including new technologies in the crisis management process in the fire department, GIS- ‌WEB GIS -MOBILE GIS --Decision Support System, And location-based models such as the GIS model and communication matrix and demographic potential and accident assessment methods are described.

 Until the arrival of modernity in the world of humanity, Cities in proportion to, provide better living spaces for life. One of these spaces, Walkways available on the city level Offended by cars and the life of a group in it is dimly and in the opposite direction to the Membry And despite the authorities' awareness And systematic and systematic actions In order to improve and recreate, No one, It has not resulted in satisfaction and revival. This is an article that is taken from my PhD thesis, Repeatedly referring to the verbal criteria as the basis and basis for the participation and participation of the people, With the aim of presenting a proposal for organizing and prioritizing the future actions of the roadside walkways, Based on this study, we used to evaluate the effective parameters(Safety, vitality, readability and permeability) The most relevant, most influential, governance (partnership) Compared to the standardized questionnaires prepared by SPSS software. Data analysis And in the end, we use a three-stage modeling algorithm and three-step analysis of each of the physical indicators And its relevance to the participation index, Two-dimensional-permeability and immunity (less-than-small) Out of model and two-variable vitality (more and more) In the remaining model and the third model, as a complete model, all the criteria for the adequacy of the model are known. It can be concluded that readability and spatial validity on the management have not had a significant, meaningful, significant, and significant impact on safety and security.

 Tourism is one of the effective factors in rural settlements so that its development has an important role in diversifying the economy of villages and can have different economic impacts and consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of tourism in the economic developments of villages in the eastern province of Gilan in the last decade. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical, in which most of data is based on field studies. The results show that economic tourism in the last decade (2006-2016) has positive effects and outcomes such as increasing job opportunities, increasing the level of income of villagers and investing in these villages, but negative economic consequences and impacts such as increasing the price of products and services, the seasonality of tourism-related businesses, rising land prices, job losses, and the recession of agricultural activities in the seasons of tourism. The results also showed that in the services and welfare areas of Hassan Sara village, which has 5 hotels, 8 restaurants and 15 supermarkets, has the best performance among other villages, and also the highest growth of land prices in the last decade. This caused by the location of this village in the coastal zone and the strategic position of this village in the main route of Gilan to Mazandaran, as well as the point of connecting the plain areas to the Ashkourat tourism region. In addition, Sefidab village has had the weakest performance among all studied villages.

Elements such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall are an effective area that determines the climate change of the area. In this research, calculations and analysis of all years of the year on monthly and annual basis using Mann-Kandal, Pearson and Spearman nonparametric statistical methods and trend analysis using the statistical period of 30 years (1987-2016) In order to study climate change, data from ten synoptic stations in the province of Khuzestan so that the whole area of the province is covered. The results of the study show that the precipitation factor in the most of the months of the year is on the upstream trend and the monthly temperature has an upward trend. The increase in temperature in each of the ten stations exacerbates evaporation and influences on water resources. In the provincial capital and in Ahwaz, monthly and annual data trends indicate a significant increase in the level 1 and 5 in the sound.

 Controlling urban construction for balanced and optimal city development and mainly be done through urban construction regulations.Failure to implement many of these rules and regulations has led urban management to various measures, such as continuous control of construction, establishing legal enforcement guarantees for compliance with regulations and fines. However, despite the control measures taken by the city administration, and in particular, the Qazvin municipality the legal authority is the implementation of construction regulations and supervision of urban construction. Every year, significant instances of construction violations are reported in Qazvin. The required data of the present study were collected through library studies and documentation. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and interpret the data and information. The results of this study were used to show the findings of the GIS and the questionnaire. This research was aimed at Understanding the nature of economic violations and considering management solutions in Qazvin is based on a better understanding of the status quo, while analyzing the trends of construction violations and recognizing the factors affecting it. The method used in this study is documentary study, survey (questionnaire and interview), and field observation. The results obtained from the survey show that both communities of research, unauthorized construction affect the urban texture disorder. Also, the findings of the ways of reducing violations of construction show that the reduction of licensing formalities by 7.29%, the control of the municipality control unit with 7.10%, the supervision of 6.95% of construction supervisors identified the most important ways of reducing violations of construction, finally, An operation is in place to control unauthorized construction according to expert opinions.

 This article aims to provide supporting material for more senior undergraduates who are looking for basic explanations to aid in the understanding of advanced texts and journal articles. Since fluvial geomorphology is a rapidly expanding, multi-disciplinary area, the book will also be of interest to those who require a broad overview of the subject, such as ecologists, geologists and engineers.The path to the development of science-based environmental studies and scientific understanding of the environment, due to the potential, the environmental assessment and a comprehensive and rational use of the land is. this study intends to also express the natural characteristics of the study area and access to the conditions and characteristics, to determine the degree of importance of these factors and characteristics of the development process and ultimately determine the appropriate future development using multi criteria evaluation of pay. given that the main objective of this study was to analyze the environment in maklavan for sustainable development, studies and efforts of the appropriate highway of the road was known as the first priority

Social capital is one of the factors affecting the Rehabilitation and Renovation of urban old texture and is emphasized by planners. Because experience has proven the usefulness of social capital and its components in the planning and implementation of urban projects is irrefutable. Given the importance of this issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of social capital on the Rehabilitation and Renovation of urban old texture this Fahadan neighborhoods of Yazd city. The research method in this study was descriptive and analytical data obtained through survey methods. The study population the Consist of Yazd Fahadan neighborhoods citizens who use the sample, a sample size of 365 patients stratified random sampling method is selected. For data analysis, inferential statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. The results of the study showed a favorable analytical component of social capital among civil society, affecting the process of Improvement and Renovation of the old Urban of Yazd is Fahadan neighborhoods. The result of structural equation proves statistically significant relationship between social capital and Rehabilitation and Renovation of urban old texture of the Fahadan neighborhoods.

Nowadays one of the most important ways of smoothing the passenger traffic in metro lines is the variable pricing policies at different hours in order to distribute the demand and to reduce traffic peaks. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the need for variable pricing of public services and the distribution of demand at different times of the day (Case Study: Tehran Metro) respectively. The present study is an applied one and its method are descriptive – survey. The data is gathered from the library. The study population consisted of Metro Station of Imam Khomeini in Tehran during different times of the day and a questionnaire with good reliability and validity was distributed among the samples. The results showed that among all users of public transportation, distribution of demand at different times of day has significant relationship with variable pricing of metro.

 Territorial Spatial Arrangement is a valuable scientific tool that can helped efficiency and effectiveness of political, social and economic development programs of countries. Territorial Spatial Arrangement function is Prepare and understands the environment for policymakers. In Iran, after the introduction of the theory and strategy of resistance economy still say not provided a scientific model that can serve as a strategic, scientific, operational, and operational actor. The purpose of this article is analyzing the role of Territorial Spatial Arrangement in setting up the operation of the objectives and principles of the country's economy. The main question of this article is that how Territorial Spatial Arrangement can helped to implementation and effectiveness of resistance economics principles and objectives in the geographic territory of Iran? The results of this article show that Resistance Economics requires two types of planning for action, action, and action: spatial and cultural planning. Territorial Spatial Arrangement makes transparent and programmable the geographic environment of the country in terms of capabilities and strengths and weaknesses and damage to the planning and cultural affairs also by identifying the country's cultural environment Including cultural and work related behaviors and economic behavior and attitudes toward economic activity and overall macroeconomic and economic wisdom will can identify non-resistant cultural elements on the one hand and effective elements with developmental capability at macro and local level. Given this introduction In this article will try using upstream documents as well as scientific and research papers take a look to analysis and explanation of the role of terrestrial research in resistance economics in order to provide a strategic model for strengthening economic activities in the country.

 In this study, in order to study tourism in Dowlat Abad, we first gather information and resources about the growth and development of the tourism industry and also identify the facilities and services they need in general. In the next step, the area of study was identified and all natural information (climate, geomorphology, soil) as well as information about available human factors (population, facilities and services) were collected. After identifying the study area, optimal location of the facilities and services needed by tourists in the form of a tourism village in Dowlatabad districts was investigated. In order to locate the tourism village, two methods of using the integration of layers in the GIS were performed using the network analysis and overlapping index, and using the fuzzy logic method and the integration of layers with fuzzy operators AND, Gamma The results showed that the use of AND and GAMMA operators indicate more favorable and more favorable regions than the overlap index. Finally, using conditional questioning in GIS, the location was identified in the north and northwest of Dolatabad district.

Cities and villages are the main centers of human gathering and the main formers of the geographic foundations of a region that have special relations with each other with the economic and social characteristics of space. The wide-ranging and diverse rural-urban relationships and interactions cause various flows, including flows of people, capital, goods and goods, information, technology, innovation, and the like. Many of the changes that occur in the cities and villages of an area are the result of the extent and the way these interactions exist between these spaces. The present research is descriptive and analytical. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the spatial-functional linkages of tourism centers in Ardabil. The statistical population of the study located in Ardebil district, according to the general population and housing census of 1395 in Ardabil province, consisted of 5 tourism hotspots. To collect data required for research, two library and field methods have been used.For the analysis of the findings of the study, the UCIENT software has been used. The results of this study have been used for analyzing the spatio-functional relationships in Ardabil area as a map of the GIS software. Research findings show that the flow of population and capital flow are two dominant spatial flows of the studied area that caused spatio-functional changes in the region's focal areas. But these developments are not all the same in all dimensions and in all the centers of the area.   Keywords: Spatio-Functional,Spatialtrends,Tourism Hotspots, Network analysis, Ardabil Area.

 The urban worn-out texture, which is influenced by the hasty modernization, has a non-nomadic uncertain population and inconsistent urban living in place of indigenous populations, In addition to creating an unpleasant physical environment, it has created a social atmosphere of instability first, residents of the area and then other areas of the city are at risk. For this reason, the modernization of urban exhausted tissues is one of the major issues in the field of urban planning. The 12th district of Tehran is considered to be the historical heart of Tehran And on the other hand, the weariness of tissues is declining If, for a few years, the municipality does not plan properly using the partnership of residents and owners and based on the detailed plan of the region to organize the worn out tissues in order to improve the quality of life of citizens. Many monuments and monuments as well as residential buildings are destroyed. The purpose of this research is to investigate the participatory approach in modernizing and improving the worn out texture of the 12th district of Tehran. The research is a descriptive-analytical application and the information has been gathered using a documentary and library method. And the information has been analyzed using multi-criteria decision making methods, topsis And the results show that in order to operationalize the participatory approach in the process of renovation and repair of worn out tissues, the sustainable cooperation process can be used as a comprehensive method.

The degree of security sensitivity of the borders of Iran, especially the eastern borders, is more than usual across all other borders which is affected by various components but two of these factors are more influential that is, political and social components. The purpose of this article is to examine the political and social factors affecting the security of the borders of Iran With special emphasis on eastern borders. The main question of the paper is that what is the role of the political and social components in the area of security and insecurity of the borders of Iran in general, and in particular the eastern borders?  The results of this paper show that efforts to promote border security are one of the most important challenges facing the country; In general, what are known as borderline insecurity are: Ethnic, racial and religious issues, identity, development of different regions, demographic changes, such as migration to the city and marginalization, migration and demographic changes of elites, ... Which, in the event of weakness or excessive expansion, could affect the security of the borders and cause the country a lot of problems; Identity and social cohesion and demographic changes are among the social components of border power Which is the most effective means of securing borders. This paper tries to answer the main question of the article by using a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources.

 Public parks have central roles in urban planning and urban health. However, recently, in developing countries they have started to lose their significance due to fast redevelopment in these countries. The study explores the role of park features including aesthetics, facility and amenity, access, safety and comfort in related to park utilization. Five parks in different scales including pocket park, neighborhood park, community park, regional park and urban park from zone one in Bandar Abbas city were selected as samples of the study. The study used questionnaire survey to determine the relationship between park features and its utilization. 540 questionnaire were distributed in studied parks equally and finally 391 questionnaires were qualified to be used for the study. The study used Smart-PLS to evaluate the relationship between park features and its utilization. The findings showed the significant relationship between safety, aesthetics and access with park utilization. The study didn’t find any significant relationship between facility and amenity, and comfort with park utilization. Moreover, it was revealed that most of the participants don’t use parks frequently. Majority of them used the park once a week or less. Although the study didn’t find the significant relationship between some park features and its utilization but the study suggests that to promote people to use more public parks, increasing the quality of one or two features would not increase the general quality of parks and park utilization. In this regards, it is suggested, to increase park utilization, designers should consider all features of parks.

 In the eyes of people housing after food and clothing, is the third of most basic needs. Housing is more than a mere physical shelter, and includes all the services and public facilities necessary for a better human life; thus a relatively long and ensured tenure should be provided. Nowadays, in the most big cities of the world, many people are found that are not able to live in Suitable and conventional houses in their cities for various reasons; and are force to live and migrate to other cities and in some cases to other countries. This has caused, on the one hand, marginalization and its subsequent problems; and on the other hand, it violates the security of the country in the border areas (drug dealing and smuggling goods). Given that the purpose of this article is an analysis of housing space in border provinces, this study seeks to do house ranking and to compare house quality of border provinces using multi-criteria decision-making methods (3Electre, 2Topsis) and GIS software. In order to make a detailed plan to improve the housing situation in the province, and also to prevent the problems mentioned. The research methodology is descriptive and correlational; and the information is collected through biblical and documentary approach. The results show that among the border cities Azerbaijan & Mazandran are in the first rank in terms of house ranking and housing quality; and worst ranks are occupied by Sistan-ve-Baluchestan, Hormozgan and Boshehr.

While one of the main goals of the European convergence process has been free movement of citizens at borders and the creation of a Europe without frontiers, 2015 immigration crisis has encountered this trend with crisis. The main question of the present article is that why immigration and the displacement of citizens and migrants across the borders of the European Union is the weakening factor of European convergence? The hypothesis of the paper is that the system (2015 Immigration Crisis) and the various dimensions of the convergent European structure (such as natural, cultural, ideological, social, political, economic, etc.) are interacting and interacting. The findings of the paper show that the 2015 immigration crisis Environment Forms Factors that, although not part of it, change in each of them causes changes in the immigration system and vice versa. The research method used in this paper is descriptive-analytical.

 Migration has spread in today's world and has many positive and negative consequences. Iran has also been affected by these consequences. The purpose of this study is to explain the consequences of the immigration of Afghan citizens by measuring the attitudes of the citizens of Qazvin towards Afghan immigrants using the factor analysis technique and the Bogardus spectrum. The statistical population of the study is citizens of four districts of Qazvin city which according to the census of population and housing in 1395 was 402748 people. The sample size was calculated 384 by Cochran formula. The research Innovation is Theoretical  basis. In this research The  cybernetic approach is used.the research method is also a survey. Data were gathered through a questionnaire whose validity was based on expert opinion and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha (70%). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and Factor Analysis. Consequently, 30 indicators were summarized by factor analysis and reduced into 7 factors presented in combinatorial meaningful factors. The contribution of each factor affecting the attitudes of citizens of Qazvin City towards Afghan refugees using the mentioned technique. The research findings showed that those 7 factors generally explain 60.21% of the citizens’ attitudes towards Afghan migrants. Bogardus Social Distance scale outcome denoted that qazvin residences are not majorly in favour of Afghan with a mean score being negative by77.66% .this demonstrates a substantial social gap between afgan and reserch group.

Of geological events on the earth and the earth. Earth over millions of years has witnessed several incidents of relief today as the volcanic plains, seas, rivers and magnificent works of ancient organisms are and geology to study carefully and then compel contemplation and interpretation. Every year very large mass movements occur Nqat world including our country. Of the geotechnical faults are located on the back strap. Technical deal with a range of adverse effects caused by the movement of factors of sustainable development of human society is the and identify important factors in reducing future disaster losses have important roles. This study identified vulnerable communities in disaster is MahdiShahr. The first important factor in the city's vulnerability to movements in the general introduction to the most important structural features such as Physical development of the city life .privacy of the buildings, building density and population density of faults privacy risk facilities  And the use of aid and open spaces are studied. The combined weight of the layers above this layer in GIS conclusion is done And the outcome of events in vulnerable areas of priority for the MahdiShahr Reforming, modernizing and retrofitting of buildings in the city are MahdiShahr.