پژوهشنامه تاریخ، سیاست و رسانه
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1400)

Over the past few decades, clear perspectives have emerged on the relationship between Indian and Mesopotamian civilization. Archaeological research reveals a number of trade routes, including sea and land routes, that connected Indian civilization to the Mesopotamian region via Iran, particularly the Persian Gulf and southeastern Iran. Although overland routes were the most important communication network in the first half of the third millennium BC, it seems that in the second half of the third millennium BC, maritime trade routes replaced overland routes, linking Indian civilization with Persian Gulf communities. This article pursues two goals: First, it assesses the importance of the Persian Gulf as a major route for long-distance trade between East and West. Second: shows the possible function of Lian (Bushehr) as an intermediary port on the shores of the Persian Gulf.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting citizen participation in the urban management process. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of methodology and has been conducted in the field. The statistical population of this research was all citizens of District 8 of Shiraz and the sample size was 384 people using Morgan table. The sampling method was random. To test the research hypotheses, SPSS software and one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking were used. The results showed that the sense of belonging, trust in the municipality, awareness of urban affairs, socio-economic status of citizens and existing laws and regulations had a significant impact on citizen participation in the urban management process and all research hypotheses were confirmed. also; The results of the ranking test showed that the socio-economic status of citizens was in the first place and the existing laws and regulations were in the last place in terms of influencing the participation of citizens in the urban management process.

In the events of recent years, cultural diplomacy in the field of international relations, in order to improve relations and ties and relations between countries, especially societies and governments in the region, has a special place and leads to convergence between governments and nations. Cultural diplomacy as a tool of foreign policy of the countries, which is responsible for the art of promoting and spreading culture in all its dimensions, in providing the grounds for joint cooperation, recognizing cultures and exchanging cultural values, and stabilizing and stabilizing relations. Sustainability has a profound effect on peoples, tribes, indigenous communities and governments. This article, which is done with a library and analytical method and a comparative, descriptive view and collection of reports and current events, tries to explain the role of cultural diplomacy, which is a type of public diplomacy, in the region and The global arena and its legal components and requirements should be explained by looking at the country with an international approach. We seek to answer the question of what rules and legal instruments the system of the Islamic Republic has for dynamic and active cultural diplomacy in international relations and between countries and peoples. Eventually; We conclude that by looking at upstream legal documents such as the Constitution and a major institution such as the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, as well as the rational and correct use of the rules of international law in Iranian cultural diplomacy, we can complete the way to achieve It pursued the rightful place of the goal and played a key role more in the regional and international equations, for sustainable development and peace and friendly dialogue.

In the present study, the relations between the two countries of the United States and the Republic of Azerbaijan in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran are discussed. It was independent of the Soviet Union, and the inclination of these countries, especially the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the West - especially the United States - facilitated this influence. It seeks Russian influence on the axis of joining the West and (American-European) structures, especially NATO and the United States. On the other hand, Iran is moving in the direction of regional cohesion and away from the axis of the United States. Therefore, in these areas, the Republic of Azerbaijan does not agree with the direction of Iran's move. Therefore, the fundamental question is what consequences the expansion of political and security relations between Azerbaijan and the United States had for the national security of the Islamic Republic between 1990 and 2017? The Republic of Azerbaijan is one of the groups of countries that have linked their foreign policy with the United States and the West and defined their goals in geographical development and nationbuilding in relation to Iran. Their security and military have a negative impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research has been collected by descriptive and analytical methods of collecting information from libraries and the Internet.

Considering that the well-being of a society is one of the signs of the flourishing of a civilization; Achieving it has been one of the priorities of every society throughout history. But in contrast to welfare, which is referred to in the Qur'an as "around", has been one of the most important obstacles to human growth towards perfection. Although well-being improves livelihoods, it also leads to the corruption of the human soul and the departure from morality. This social phenomenon, which is the result of causes such as human natural desire and convenience, misuse of wealth, power and mismanagement, both, has been created in some societies and it has deviated from moral issues. Political and social. After the death of the Prophet (PBUH), we witnessed the emergence of such a phenomenon among a number of Islamic properties and rulers. Keywords

 From 1937 to 2018, Disney presented 18 Princess-centric animations that represented the feminist mentality and discourse of their time. One of the main components of Disney animation is the connection of princesses with the opposite sex. This relationship is sometimes merely an inner desire and sometimes a friendship. Studies show that in twentieth-century animation, the relationship with the opposite sex has always been linked to the issue of marriage, while the dominant approach in the 21st century, these animations have been opposition to marriage and the desire for the opposite sex in the form of friendships. This research with a historical approach and using the method of content analysis has tried to examine the trend of conceptual developments of these animations in the subject of "relationship with the opposite sex".