پژوهشنامه تاریخ، سیاست و رسانه
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، پاییز 1400)

Sufism is expressed in two principles. One is the inner purity of God. In the second step, a Sufi must reach the stage of unity with the God’s existence. For this reason, some paid less attention to marriage, manifestations of human life, although for marriage and family formation for continuation of the human race are of special importance in Islam. Some Sufis were less interested in marriage and its formation due to some familial requirements. Apart from this they considered the love of a woman and a child as an obstacle between themselves and God. According to them, this preoccupation with marriage caused the love of God Almighty to be neglected. Hence in this study, using the Descriptive- historical method of research, the cause of this negative attitude of some Sufis of Hoarsen from the second to the fifth century, and one of the reasons for their not marrying being the importance of relationship with God and not wanting marriage to be obstacle in their relationship with God and breaks it is studied.

After the formation of the Islamic Revolution, the enemy has always sought to create widespread despair in society, and in the process has always injected a material biological and intellectual model into society; For the Western and materialistic way of life will ultimately lead man to emptiness and despair; That is why if a society can nurture people in its lap and promote the personality of the people in it, the society will be considered ideal and religious, and the capacity of the people in its lap will not be wasted. In the Qur'an, one can find various cases that the enemies use in soft war with the aim of hitting the Islamic society. Today, considering the position of the Islamic Revolution in the region and the world and the various developments in the country, it is necessary to analyze the ways of the enemy in frustrating society. And finally came to the conclusion that the enemy in a complex process, targeting different levels of society, including intellectual space, living dimensions, value discourse, etc. to disappoint people about the future and endurance in this direction and If the properties of society, officials and intellectuals do not realize this process, despair and frustration will spread throughout the society and the enemy will achieve his colonial and seditionist goals through this channel.

"Tolerance" is a common discourse in the political, social and cultural literature of Western societies, the translation of which (tolerance) is also very common in our society; While there are fundamental differences between this Western concept and what exists in the transcendent culture of Islam. Proper analysis and explanation of the origin of this term in Western culture, because it leads to a correct and better understanding of this issue, research is necessary; This article deals with it. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical method and using the original Western sources, we have come to the conclusion that the roots of tolerance should be sought in the Middle Ages as well as in the Renaissance and Western religious reforms; It also originated in protest of the widespread religious repression of the Catholic Christian Church, which has been marred by a variety of financial, economic, and intellectual corruption; In this process, the foundations of Western tolerance were formed on the basis of humanism and secularism, and over time, pluralism, liberalism, skepticism and relativity have been linked to them.

Imam Khomeini(PBUH), has paid special attention to the people and public mobilization based on Islamic education in order to achieve the goals of the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, research on social capital from the perspective of Imam Khomeini's educational thought, has valuable points based on which we can understand the specific features of Imam Khomeini's educational thought in this field. The causes and roots, contexts, components, consequences and results of this issue need to be examined comprehensively. Therefore, the present study aims to describe and analyze the educational dimensions of Imam Khomeini's thought in constructing social capital in the words, deeds and written works of Imam Khomeini (pbuh) and using the data theory model of the foundation, the mentioned dimensions Analytical-descriptive method is extracted. The results showed that the educational dimensions of social capital in the view of Imam Khomeini, may God have mercy on him, serve a unique type of social capital in the service of social upliftment, which is based on prominent educational aspects.

Recent developments in Latin America, in particular the return of the leftist leader of Bolivia after the 2019 coup and the establishment of a leftist government in this country, as well as the developments in Chile, Peru and Ecuador and the tendency to leftism in these countries. Encourage every international researcher to think more closely about the new equations and policies that govern this region of the world, known as the United States of America. In the past, material powers have coveted this part of the world, which has innumerable land resources, agriculture, water, etc., and in a way, this part of the American continent has always been a place to show the power of large countries. To understand the current situation in Latin America, it is necessary to understand the thoughts and roots of political movements, and to better understand the cause of leftism and why the people of this region are interested in this component of power. In fact, the current left turn in Latin America is the culmination of a long process that has many causes and factors, including the history of colonization and occupation, US policies, socialist and communist theories, and the contemporary history of government. Has military capabilities. This article will try to explain why such a seismic shift to the left has occurred. The analysis model of this paper is in four parts. First, the concept, history and causes of leftism are examined, then the effect of US policies on leftism is discussed, and then the effect of leftism on the decline of US hegemony, and finally the status of current left-wing governments.

Today, the economic environment is changing rapidly. In such a stressful environment, companies must consider all the factors that affect their survival in the short and long term. One of the most important factors is to study consumer behavior. One of the most important aspects of consumer behavior is examining the reasons for preferring a product over a similar product. In this regard, the present study presents a model to identify and analyze the factors affecting the views of buyers of the shoe industry in Dushanbe and Khudzhand, Tajikistan, using a mixed approach. The present article is a descriptive-non-experimental research in terms of the purpose of an applied research in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study includes all shoe buyers in Dushanbe and Khudzhand, Tajikistan. The sampling method was classified and the statistical sample size was 384 people. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Findings indicate that value, diversity, efficiency, volume of facilities and benefits affect the views of shoe buyers in Tajikistan. Also, based on the research findings, it was proved that the criterion of "efficiency" is the most effective criterion and the sub-criterion of "heel and sole size" with a final weight of 0.0719 is in the first priority of the sub-criteria. Therefore, the research results cannot be generalized to shoe buyers in other markets. Failure to consider moderating variables due to increased model complexity and time constraints is one of the main limitations of the present study.