فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 102 (شهریور 1400)

Theory of Gardner provides a basis for identifying different capabilities and talents, but it is very difficult to assess multiple intelligences and the existing tools do not have the desired validity and reliability and are not designed based on Iranian culture.

The present study aims to examine and adapt multiple intelligences assessment components for Iranian primary school students.

The present study is research and development, and descriptive in terms of purpose and data collection method respectively. The population consists of Tehrani first, second, and third-grade teachers in the school year of 2020 from which, 318 teachers were selected by available sampling.

Explanatory factor analysis showed eight-component-structure based on generalized least squares and equamax rotation is the best structure. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated explanatory factor analysis has good fit indexes. Besides, the subscales have sufficient internal consistency and range between 0/79 (Musical Intelligence) to 0/92 (Interpersonal Intelligence).

In sum, results show regarding the optimal psychometric properties of the Multiple Intelligence Scale for Iranian Primary School Students-Teacher Form, it could be used for identifying multiple intelligences of students in educational settings in Iranian society

Effortful control is a temperamental structure of self-regulation.This structure as a cognitive control system helps individuals to control their thoughts and actions voluntarily and consciously. The Effortful Control Scale, developed by Ellis and Rothbart (2001), is a tool for assessing this structure in adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Effortful Control Scale in a sample of adolescents aged 15 to 18.

The design of this study was descriptive-correlation (factor analysis). The statistical population of the study was all the high school students living in Ahvaz in 98-99 academic year. 448 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. In order to collect the required data, Ellis and Rothbartchr('39')s Effortful Control Scale (2001), Aquino and Reedchr('39')s Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002) and Mouton, Dewitt, and Glazierchr('39')s School Attachment Questionnaire (1993) were used.

The results of principal component analysis with varimax rotation indicated that the scale consists of three factors: attention, inhibition, and activation control. The results of confirmatory factor analysis, aimed to test three-factor structure, showed that the structure of this scale has acceptable fitness with data and all of the fitness Indicators confirmed fitness of the model. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient (0.79) indicated the optimal internal consistency of the scale. The correlation between this scale and subscales of the moral identity (0/22) and school attachment (0/25) questionnaires was measured, all of which were positive and significant.

The results indicated that the Effortful Control Scale is a valid and reliable tool which can determine developmental risks for this important dimension in adolescents by assessing this structure. Moreover it helps identifying adolescents with self-control problems in clinical and educational settings. It also helps researchers to plan and implement necessary interventions.

Women, after divorce, do not have enough resilience to cope with lifechr('39')s problems and stresses, and literatures show the increase of resilience by acceptance and commitment and dialectical behavior therapy, two important treatments in the third wave, but it is not clear which one is more effective.

The purpose of this study was to determine comparison of the group therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy and dialectical behavior therapy on resilience in divorced women.

The research method was quasi-experimental. The statistical population included all divorced women under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and Behzisti Organization (160 individuals) in Eghlid in 2019, 24 of whom selected with available sampling and randomly divided into acceptance and commitment therapy group, dialectical behavior therapy group, and the control group. One experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy intervention (acceptance and commitment training package adapted from Honarparvaran, et al., 2018), (n = 8) and the other group received dialectical behavior therapy intervention (dialectical behavior training package adapted from Hadizadeh et al., 2018), (n = 8) in 12 sessions of 90 minutes. Individuals completed the Resilience Questionnaire of Connor and Davidson (2003) before, after and 2 months after the treatments. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and simple effects of the group by spss-22 software.

The results showed that group therapy based on acceptance and commitment and dialectical behavior therapy increase the resilience of divorced women (P<0.05) but there is no significant difference between the two therapies (P>0.05). Also, Benferoni pair comparison indicates the stability of treatment results in the follow-up phase.

According to the research findings, and the effectiveness of both approaches, the use of both treatments are auggested to the counseling clinics, specialists in the field of family and individual therapies in order to help these women to deal with difficult life situations.

Adolescence is a time to begin behaviors and conditions that affect well-being at the time but also lead to disorders in adulthood. Despite the family’s importance role in the developing psychological well-being, the direct and indirect effect of family emotions on well-being has been neglected so far.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between positive and negative emotion expression in family with adolescent psychological well-being.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all boy adolescents of Shiraz city that 206 of them were selected as the sample group using multistage cluster sampling and they responded to Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), the Family Expressiveness Questionnaire (Halberstadt, 1986) and short form of Reefchr('39')s Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989). Path analysis was used for data analysis.

The results of the path analysis showed that the direct effect of positive emotion expression to psychological well-being variable (β= 0/242, T= 4/042) and the direct path of negative emotion expression on the psychological well-being were significant (β= -0/291, T= 4/865). Also, it was shown that the indirect effect of positive emotion expression on the psychological well-being variable through resiliency was significant
(β= 0/063, p< 0/05). Finally, it was shown that the indirect effect of the variable of negative emotion expression on the variable of psychological well-being through resilience was significant (β= -0/058, p< 0/05).

Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to consider the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between positive and negative emotional expression and psychological well-being and therapists to incorporate this component in their therapeutic application.

Physical literacy has been widely considered by researchers in recent years, but there are limited tools for measuring it, and have not been reported a reliable tools for measuring physical literacy in Iran yet.

This study was done to investigate the psychometric properties of Sam (2016) Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI).

The method of this research was descriptive and the study population were high school students in Tehran in 2019-2020 who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from different parts of Tehran. The sample size of the study was 836 adolescents aged 12-18 years. The translation process of the questionnaire was done forward-backward, then the content validity of the questionnaire was performed using the opinions of 10 sports science experts. After distributing the questionnaire in the data sample, it was tested in the assumed three-factor model of Sam (2016). Also, to assess the reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was re-assessed in 30 subjects after 11 days. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis test, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and Pearson correlation coefficients.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that CFI, NFI, GFI, IFI (> 0/9), PCFI, PNFI (> 0/8) and AGFI (> 0/5) indices has optimal fit of the model and the three-factor model was approved. Also, the instrument had good internal consistency and reliability of test-retest in the factors and scale (> 0/7).

The results of this study showed that the Persian PPLI has good validity and reliability and can be used to assess the perceived physical literacy of adolescents.

Numerous studies have examined the three dark traits of personality and aggression, But research that predicts aggression in sports based on the dark three personality traits of coaches and athletes has been neglected. 

The present study aimed to examine the effect of dark triad traits of personality on aggression of coaches and athletes.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population in the present study included all coaches and athletes in Tehran in 1399, from which 80 participant (40 athletes and 40 coaches were selected via convenience sampling among the coaches and athletes of Tehran coaches and athletes in 2020. They completed questionnaires of Short Dark Triad (SDTS; Paulhus & Jons, 2010) and Aggression (AQ; Buss and Perry, 1992) competing. The data were collected and analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests (Enter method) by SPSS version 25.

The results showed a significant relationship between Three dark personality traits (Narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy) and aggression. Moreover, dark personality traits positively predicted aggression variance both coach and athlete.

The results of this study indicate that that personality and its dark traits plays an important role in tendency to aggression of both coaches and athletes. Therefore, psychologists are advised to pay attention to these traits in the aggression of coaches and athletes in sports.

The pilotchr('39')s performance cognitive is an important construct that plays a vital role in preventing aviation incidents. Various studies have identified factors affecting pilot cognitive performance, but there is a research gap regarding interaction of these factors and their sequence.

The aim of present study was to develop a structural model for predicting cognitive performance of Iranian airline pilots based on the sources of stress and situation awareness considering the mediating role of mental fatigue and flight factors.

The method of present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of study included all male civilian pilots working in Iranian airlines in 2019. Using a convenience sampling method, 310 people participated in the study as the sample. Research data were collected through Occupational Stress Inventory (Osipow & Spokane, 1998), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (Smets, 1996), Situation Awareness Rating Technique (Taylor, 1990) and performance evaluation in flight simulation environment and analyzed using structural equation modeling method and bootstrap test in Amos-21 software.

The results showed that the hypothetical research model with some modifications had a good fit. The fit indices of the final model included TLI= 0.91, CFI= 0.93, IFI= 0.93, GFI= 0.93, SRMR= 0.056, RMSEA= 0.055. The results also showed that occupational stress affects cognitive performance through mediating role of mental fatigue. Situation awareness also affected cognitive performance by mediating role of mental fatigue and flight factors.

Based on the results, it can be concluded that pilots who have less occupational stress and mental fatigue, more situation awareness of and a high level of flight factors show better cognitive performance.

Stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder cause disturbances in attention and concentration, cognitive development, and impairment in social functioning. These disturbances interfere with daily activities ranging from playing games to academic activities. The key question is whether hydrotherapy can be offered to reduce stereotyped movements in children on the autism spectrum?

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydrotherapy program based on Halliwick program on stereotyped behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study was a quasi-experimental study of two groups of pre-test-post-test with control group and follow-up sessions. The statistical population included all children with autism disorder in Karaj. 24 autistic boys living in Kahrizak Alborz sanatorium were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instrument included The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale–Second Edition (GARS-2). The treatment sessions were performed according to the Halliwick program, 3 sessions per week for a total of 24 sessions. The data gathered from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA and using SPSS software version 22.

There is a significant difference between the averages of the experimental and control groups (0/001) and Halliwick -based hydrotherapy is effective in reducing stereotyped movements. Also, its effects have been lasting in the follow-up phase.

Hydrotherapy significantly reduced stereotyped behaviors in children with autism and can be used as a complementary approach to the rehabilitation of children with autism.

Numerous models have been developed for the prevention of AIDS in people with HIV. However, the present study sought to intervente structural relationships between a community-based adaptation model and adherence therapy mediated by coping strategies in HIV-positive people supported by positive clubs of the Welfare Organization of Iran.

The aim of this study was to determine the causal relationship between community-based coping methods for positive prevention based on adherence therapy mediated by coping strategies in HIV patients.

The present study was descriptive and of correlation and structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all patients with AIDS in Tehran in 1398, of which 250 people were selected as the sample by purposive sampling of the available type from patients referring to positive clubs under the supervision of the Welfare Organization. In order to collect data, the Coping Styles Questionnaire (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984), the Psychosocial Adjustment Questionnaire (Drogtis and Drogtis, 1990) and the Adherence Therapy Questionnaire (Seyed Fatemi, Rafiei, Hajizadeh and Madanloo, 2018) were used. The Conceptual Model was evaluated by the structural equation modeling method and indirect relationships were tested using the bootstrap method (using AMOS-21 software).

The corrected proposed model had an acceptable fit with the data and all direct and indirect (the relationship between adaptation methods for positive prevention and adherence therapy through coping strategies) paths were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The bootstrap estimation method confirmed the indirect path of adherence therapy on psychosocial adjustment mediated by coping strategies in people with HIV. In addition, therapeutic adherence (P< 0.001) and coping strategies (P < 0.002) had a direct effect on psychosocial adjustment of people with HIV. Adherence to treatment also causes psychosocial adjustment and, consequently, the use of appropriate and active coping strategies with stress and facilitates problem-oriented coping behavior.

Based on the results of the study, adherence therapy and coping strategies training can be used to increase the level of psychosocial adjustment in HIV-positive people. Therefore, it is suggested that psychological counseling be provided for patients in addition to medical measures to strengthen adaptation to the disease.

Urban social health as a healthy condition of society is one of the indicators of welfare and dynamism of societies. In order to promote urban social health, it is necessary to propose a unique indicator according to the conditions of each community. In Iran, several indicators have been designed to promote social health, which are considered in urban management plans, but so far no scale has been provided to assess the status of urban social health.

The purpose of this study was to construct and investigate the psychometric properties of the Urban Social Health Scale.

This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all citizens of Tehran, the sample size was 562 residents of Tehran who were selected through available sampling. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis.

The results of exploratory factor analysis identified six factors of urban social cohesion, citizenship rights, urban justice, urban attachment, urban identity and urban sustainability for urban social health. The reliability of the whole scale was obtained using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha in the initial implementation of 0.89 and in the final implementation of 0.91, which indicates the optimal reliability of the scale. The scale also had good content and factor accuracy.

The Urban Social Health Scale has good validity and reliability in initial validation and can be used as a valid tool for measuring urban social health

Given the role of self-efficacy in peoplechr('39')s mental health and the limited tools for measuring it in Iran, access to a valid test to measure this structure is very important.

The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Parenting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in Rasht city.

This research was a descriptive developmental study. The statistical sample of the study included 1008 parents of 13 to 15 year old students (658 mothers and 350 fathers) in Rasht city in the academic year 2021-2022 who were selected by cluster sampling. To evaluate the convergent validity, the correlation between Kendall and Bloomfield (2005) Parenting Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Domka et al (1996) Parentaing Self- Efficacy Questionnaire was calculated at a significance level of 0.05.

The content of the items of the parenting self-efficacy questionnaire showed that this tool has eight factors of emotion /affection, play / pleasure, empathy / understanding, control, order / boundaries, pressure, self-acceptance, learning / knowledge with desirable fit indicators. Also, Results from Cronbachchr('39')s alpha analysis showed the reliability of the whole parenting self-efficacy questionnaire were 0.94 and, 0.61, 0.89, 0.86, 0.71, 0.90, 0.32, 0.57, 0.80 for the subscales of emotion / affection, play / pleasure, empathy / understanding, control, order / boundaries, pressure, self-acceptance, learning / knowledge, respectively.

The findings of this study showed that based on the obtained factors, the parenting self-efficacy questionnaire is a suitable, reliable, and valid tool for assessing parental self-efficacy in Iran.

Social anxiety is one of the factors that disrupts the process of social development in individuals. Numerous studies have confirmed the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety, but the key question is whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies and social self-efficacy can play a mediating role in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety?

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and social self -efficacy in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescent girls.

The present study was a descriptive correlational study and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all female high school students in Ilam who were 3822 individuals studying in the 2020-2021 academic year. among these students 360 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and completed the Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (La Greca & Lopez, 1998), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire- Short form (Yong,1998), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire- Short form (Granefski & KrajjT, 2006) and Self- efficacy for Social Situations (Gaudiano & Herbert, 2003). For data analysis, path analysis method and SPSS24 and Amos24 software were used.

All direct effects of study variables were significant (p<0/01) but direct effect of impaired limited schema on social anxiety was not significant (p>0/05). Also the indirect effects of early maladaptive schemas on social anxiety through cognitive emotion regulation strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) and social anxiety were significant (p<0/05) and the research model had a good fit.

Early maladaptive schemas can predict levels of social anxiety by influencing cognitive emotion regulation strategies and social self-efficacy. This study highlights the need to pay more attention to adolescent mental health through comprehensive planning to empower them and timely intervention.

Internet addiction is a disorder characterized by the excessive use of the internet and can affect an individualchr('39')s other social functions. Hence, it is necessary to identify factors that reduce dependence on the internet and its adverse consequences.

This study aimed to identify the predicting effect of psychological capital on internet addiction in order to help to design protective strategies by the use of the mediating role of academic engagement.

This research was a descriptive survey with a correlational and structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the study consisted survey of the 1200 students who were studying at Farhangian University of North Khorasan (2019-2020). By the use the systematic random sampling method, 300 of the students were randomly selected and filled out Youngchr('39')s Internet Addiction (1998), luthanschr('39') psychological capital (2007), and Reeve academic engagement questionnaires (2013). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data, using the SPSS 24 and Amos 23 software.

The results showed that psychological capital and academic engagement have a negative and significant effect on internet addiction. Moreover, academic engagement has a mediating role in the relationship between psychological capital and internet addiction. Considering the model fit indices (GFI=.92, PCFI=.74, CFI=.91, RMSEA=.075, X2/d.f=2.564(, the proposed model has a good fit.

Regarding the negative relationship between psychological capital and academic engagement with internet addiction, the managers and policymakers of the university can control internet addiction by providing conditions for raising the psychological capital indicators and increasing academic engagement.