نشریه تغییرات اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 68، بهار 1400)

Establishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from interacting with them. Different human needs make him or her exposed to different communications. The need to communicate with the opposite sex sometimes causes relationships that are outside our country's Islamic culture and custom. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and contexts of extramarital relationships among women in Rafsanjan. The research method is the foundation data theory which data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 women. The method of selecting participants was targeted and quantified by reaching the saturation stage. Out of 1127 raw data, 875 concepts, 125 sub-categories and 54 main categories were extracted from the preliminary data. Finally, the central concept of the dream of marriage was chosen as the main phenomenon that covered the rest of the categories. Attention-seeking requires the attention and affection of the other party. This attention is more focused on the emotional aspects and emotional needs of participants. The results of this study showed that the most important factor in women's tendency to extramarital affairs is "attention seeking". The most important motivation for women is the tendency to have extramarital affairs, family formation and marriage. Independence, and a desire to break free from family rules and frameworks are among the causes of this tendency.

The current research was designed with the aim to investigate the effect of modern urban spaces on the reflection on women's identity. The main idea of research was extracted from Giddens's theory indicating that the use of new spaces affects different groups of society. As women's gardens have been recently established in some cities of Iran, especially Isfahan, these spaces seem to affect the women's reflection and new identity. In this research, 330 cases of women of Isfahan, who referred to gardens of this city in a 120-day period, were selected as the statistical sample of the statistical population of Isfahan city using multi-stage random sampling method. Of the gardens located in different neighborhoods, 6 gardens were selected, and the respondents were then selected out of these gardens. Findings of the research showed that urban modern spaces have significant effects on changing the point of view and identity reflection of women. However, due to the recent establishment of gardens, these changes have occurred in the theoretical area and there is still a long way ahead before practical changes induced by modern spaces occur.

In this research has been tried to study the impact of economic and social components on the tendency of cultural elites to migrate to developed countries. Immigration of cultural elites to developed countries has always been important issues in society of Iran. This research is designed to study the attitude of cultural elites for immigration to developed countries. The theoretical framework based on “Pull and Push” theory. This study tries to examine the theory in four aspects including economic, political, social and cultural dimensions of immigrant motivations. The methodology of the research is mixed of quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical sample covered professors, Ph.D and M.A students of universities of Tehran and 405 cases has been chosen as a sample size from universities. In addition, 30 cases are selected for deep interview for qualitative method as well. The finding shows attitude of cultural elites are related to all four aspects of immigrant motivations. The cases evaluated the developed countries for immigration has been evaluated appropriate and besides their country of origin has been evaluated inappropriate situation. It hints the theory of pull and push as a suitable explanation of immigrant elites. The multiple coefficient certainty explained 23 percent variances of cultural elite attitudes as a dependent variable.

In our society, empirical research on social factors affecting sexual harassment, including non-verbal (physical and non-physical) sexual harassment among women with disabilities is not very common; Therefore, in this study, non-verbal sexual harassment in relation to women with disabilities in Mazandaran province was evaluated. The study population is all women and girls with disabilities in Mazandaran province (9417 people) and finally 343 questionnaires were described and analyzed. The theoretical framework is based on the theory of routine activity and lifestyle. The research method was a survey and the data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS. The results of descriptive statistics show that 50.4% of the respondents have been moderately abused non-verbally. The results of regression test showed that the lifestyle variable with the value of regression coefficient (0.445) and a positive and direct effect had the greatest effect on non-verbal sexual harassment of women with disabilities in Mazandaran province. Also, appropriate goal variables with a regression coefficient of 0.167 and a positive and direct effect, as well as the presence of a powerful protector with a regression coefficient of 0.115, each with a negative and inverse effect, each had a significant effect on nonverbal sexual harassment of women with disabilities. The results of the hypotheses related to the effectiveness of each of these variables were confirmed experimentally. The results of the research indicate the confirmation of the assumptions of the theory of routine activity and lifestyle.

Women today, by entering the market and academic education, as an active force in the process of social development, have an undeniable share in the fate of society. People's health is also an important indicator for measuring the development of communities. One of the dimensions of health that has been considered in recent years and there is more emphasis on it to achieve development is social health. This led the researcher to examine some individual, social and psychological factors (contextual variables, mental health, self-efficacy, sociability and legalism) related to women's social health. The statistical population of women's research (15-65 years old) in Parsabad is 57528 people, the statistical sample is 251 people based on Cochran's formula and variance of pre-test data. The research method was cross-sectional and the data were collected using the standard Keys and researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that women's social health is different in terms of employment and education, and also show a significant relationship between mental health, self-efficacy and socialization with social health. The social health regression model shows that the variables of self-efficacy and mental health have the greatest impact on social health and predict 32.2% of its changes.

This article, deals with the topic of representation of the characteristics of social movement leaders in cinematic films (Brave Heart, Gandhi, Mandela: A Long Way to Freedom, Che). The social movement is aimed at social transformation or the transformation of a part of that community, and it usually occurs when the method of distribution of power, the laws of society, or the decision taken by policymakers and those who are at the top of power can not solve the major current problems and the needs of the majority of members of society In the meantime, cinema introduces, interprets and subjects sociological research objects. In this article, the author,with a qualitative approach  and using the method of semiotics of Charles Sanderson Peirce, and with Charles Tilly's theory of collective action and leadership theory seek to analyze to what extent cinematic films will be effective in representing the characterstics of social movement leaders.The finding of the study indicated that , the meanings represented in the films show that: The role of leaders in social movements is crucial, they encourage social responsibility and resource organizing, recognize opportunities and provide context, formulate strategies, make demands and affect the results of affairs.

Organizations are the most important communication institutions that people are often able and willing to talk to each other. Communication is a process based on interdependence in which each person's behavior is the result and message of another behavior. Interpersonal communication is a key factor in organizational success. Interpersonal communication can be established verbally-non-verbally as well as formally-informally. Attention to the objectives of the research is in terms of survey method. The statistical population includes thousands of employees of the Court of Administrative Justice of Tehran province who used Morgan table to determine 278 samples and were studied by regular sampling method. Reliability of data collection tool with alpha coefficient Cronbach and its validity were confirmed by the opinions of professors and experts. The results show that the level of interpersonal communication conflict is moderate. Also, the results of Pearson coefficient show that among the various social factors, there are three variables. Social participation, social trust and mother's social status were significantly correlated with interpersonal relationships of employees. But there was no significant correlation between father social status variable and interpersonal relationships of employees. Multivariate regression results showed that only social trust with beta (52 / 0-) Reduces employees in interpersonal communication and acts in the opposite direction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of addiction to social networks on marital conflict among couples in Tehran. In this research, based on Parsons's theory of structural functionalism and using hybrid approach, is presented a theoretical-analytical model of influential variables in this regard. The research method was survey and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is all married residents in Tehran and the sample included 403 married people who had access to cyberspace. Also ,two-stage cluster sampling method was used to select this number. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and corresponding software (AMOS) were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that there is a direct and significant relationship between independent variable of addiction to social networks and dependent variable of marital conflicts; But, addiction to social networks through variables of intimacy, alienation, religiosity, mental health and adherence to traditions and values affects the dependent variable of marital conflicts and has a significant relationship. Among these, the marital intimacy variable, with an impact factor of 0.36 has the highest value. The results of the fitness test of the theoretical model of the research showed that the proposed structural model is a suitable model.

The aim of this study is to investigate and pathology of the current situation of the country's divisions in Iran using the method of professor (library and field) research based on interviews with experts and thinkers.‌ The current state of divisions in Iran has several disadvantages that have created many obstacles in the way of achieving sustainable security as considered in the Vision 1404 document; therefore, it needs a fundamental review.‌ The categories "political", "economic" and "social" are counted and in the end, while concluding, it presents 23 requirements in 4 categories: bureaucratic, social, cultural, developmental, and environmental.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social responsibility, social capital, and social development in higher education from the viewpoint of faculty members of the Humanities Campus (Central campus) of University of Tehran. The study was an applicable one with the quantitative approach using the descriptive–correlative method. The population consisted of 578 faculty members among whom 234 ones were selected as the sample group, using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the sample t-test, the regression coefficient, and the modeling of structural equations using LISREL. The results showed that: 1- The status of social capital, social responsibility, and social development of the University of Tehran from the perspective of faculty members is relatively desirable. 2. Social development is directly affected by the social responsibility and social capital. The results also indicate that all variables are reported to be desirable and the model fits well with the data, indicating that there is a linear relationship between the variables and the present structures.Keywords: Social Responsibility, Social Capital, Social Development, Higher Education, University of Tehran