مجله محیط زیست و توسعه فرابخشی
پیاپی 69 (پاییز 1399)

Removing environmental pollution has become one of the main concerns of mankind today. Air quality in cities depends on the weather and the amount of pollutants produced. Today, air pollution is one of the most complex problems in human societies, which has had many negative effects on the health of living things, especially humans. In this study, the average monthly and annual concentrations of air pollutants in the air pollution measuring stations of Tehran Environmental Protection Bureau were evaluated in 91 to 97 years.
The results showed that the highest concentration of major pollutants in Tehran in 1997 had a relatively decreasing trend compared to the previous year. Comparative statistics of the mean annual concentration of indicator pollutants show that CO levels in all stations decreased in 97 at most stations and O3 at all stations compared to the previous year, (it should be explained that the ozone pollutant at Shofuf station in 1997 to the geophysical station has been transferred). The average concentration of NO2, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants in air pollution measuring stations and comparing it with the (WHO) standard indicates that all stations are in poor condition and above the standard level.

Nowadays, environmental performance of companies is considered as one of the main components of measuring and measuring the sustainability of a company. According to the latest World Health Organization news and information, environmental health, and especially human health, is in critical and dangerous situations. During the 10-year period from 2010 to 2017. Indicators and components have been developed to calculate the environmental performance variable, using the method of zero and one to quantify them. Also, data analysis and testing of research hypotheses have been done using graphical comparative method. The results of the study showed that attention to environmental performance and adherence to its indicators in cement companies is better than other industries.

Environmental Impact Assessment is an important management tool that identifies natural and anthropogenic environmental hazards and their wide-ranging impacts and determines appropriate control calculations. Correct and accurate knowledge one of the threatening factors of wetlands Based on their importance and impact can provide the basis for preventing and counteracting these factors more precisely, as well as preparing and implementing wetland conservation and environmental management plans. The vulnerability assessment method of Poldokhtar wetlands in this study is based on EFMEA failure states analysis method. for this purpose, first identify the most important environmental risks and threats in the hunting and hunting area of Poldokhtar wetlands in three categories of ecological, hydrological and social threats to 17 threats, then based on three variables: "probability, severity and extent of impact" Numerical values of each threat were determined and ranked according to the range of changes in five categories. The results showed that ecologically: wildfires and drainage in Gori Balmak and Piqué wetlands, hydrologically threatening to increase suspended sediment load, periodic droughts, and drilling deep and semi-deep wells in wetlands and social aquifers: low levels Environmental attitudes and knowledge of wetlands by the local community, lack of expert and wetland environments in the Department of Environment of the city and province are the most important threats in the 11 wetlands ecosystem of Poldokhtar. Overall, 88.2 percent of the risks were classified as risk-free, low- and medium-risk, and only 18.8 percent were high and infinite, requiring immediate action by wetland conservation and mitigation authorities.

In recent years, population growth, increasing vehicles, and industrial development have caused air pollution. One of the major disasters, creating significant problems for human and endangering their health is air pollution. The main objective of the present study was to select best sites for air pollution monitoring stations in zones 1 and 3 of Isfahan city using fuzzy technique and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Accurate monitoring of the air pollution condition requires accurate and appropriate dispersion of monitoring stations throughout the study area, so that the optimal locations of these stations can be selected using fuzzy and AHP methods. In the present study, considering the necessity of determining the location of air pollution monitoring stations, the best sites for these stations were selected based on important criteria such as distance from market, recreation areas, parks, parking areas and existing stations using fuzzy and AHP methods. The results showed that Fuzzy-AHP method was flexible and accurate method to determine the appropriate areas for air pollutant monitoring stations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmentally transformational leadership, spiritual leadership and Environmental passion of employees on creating environmental behavior in the organization. This study was applied in a descriptive and it was done with surveyed manner. The statistical sample in this study was 212 employees of Shiraz municipality who were selected through available sampling method. Partial least squares method and Smart PLS2 software were used for data analysis. Convergent validity was used to assess the validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to fit the reliability and its coefficient was greater than 0.7 for all research constructs. The results show environmentally transformational leadership and spiritual leadership with a path coefficient (0.384) and (0.579) has a positive and significant effect on Environmental passion. The results confirmed the positive and significant effect of Environmental passion and proenvironmental behavior of employees with a path coefficient (0.613) and a significant coefficient (7.033). It also mediates Environmental passion in the organization of the relationship between environmentally transformational leadership and environmental behavior of employees, but does not mediate the relationship between spiritual leadership and proenvironmental behavior of employees. Based on the findings, it is suggested that municipality managers use transformational and spiritual leadership styles to control the behavior of their employees and thus create more Environmental enthusiasm for the presentation of environmental behaviors.

Namin county in Ardebil province has a large lands of hazelnut forest species, that it is one of the rich habitats of Hyrcanian forests. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the land degradation process of hazelnut forests in Namin County using Landsat, ETM+ images in 2007 and OLI images in 2017. Pre-processing was performed to enhance the spatial resolution of images using the IHS method to fusion both of the panchromatic and multispectral images of sensors. The images were classified into supervised and fused images with a spatial resolution of 15 m and performed with artificial neural network algorithm. The results showed that out of the total classified study area in the year 2000, 9999.06 ha belonged to forest land, which decreased to 9531.74 ha compared to 2007. Also the area of these forests decreased from 7,700 hectares from 2007 to 1396. Therefore, to preserve natural landscapes, land consolidation and legalization should be on the agenda of national experts and officials.