نشریه دین و سلامت
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 16، بهار و تابستان 1400)

Identifying the role of psychological variables and religious beliefs affecting COVID-19 preventive behaviors is an essential step in designing behavioral interventions aimed at controlling pandemics. The aim of this study was to predict the impact of spiritual health and religious beliefs on preventive behaviors regarding framework of extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

Using multistage sampling method, 360 citizens of Qazvin participated in a cross-sectional study. Data collection tools were demographic items, attitudes scales, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intention, Alisonchr('39')s spiritual health, Godchr('39')s locus of health control (GLHC). Data were analyzed using LISREL 8.80 and Chi-square, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.

The strongest correlation coefficients were observed between behavioral intention with attitude and PBC. Behavioral intention, PBC, and spiritual health also had the strongest correlations with preventive behaviors. The correlation coefficients between spiritual health and all variables were positive and significant, and GLHC had the strongest correlation with spiritual health. In addition, PBC and attitudes were the main predictors of intention, and the path coefficients between intention and spiritual health and GLHC were significant and positive. These structures described 56% and 39% of the variance of intention and COVID-19 preventive behaviors, respectively.

The results showed the effectiveness of the extended TPB associated with spiritual health & GLHC in explaining COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The clergy and donors have the capacity to raise awareness of COVID-19 to encourage the public to adhere health protocols.

Diabetes as a chronic disease impairs the patientchr('39')s physical, mental, functional, and social well-being. In the meantime, spiritual support by establishing a religious coping and sense of coherence can improve adaptation to changes in the patient. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the sense of cohesion and religious coping in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This descriptive-correlational study included 120 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Emdadi Hospital, Abhar, Iran, in 2017. The patients who met the criteria were selected through available sampling method. The data were collected using the demographic characteristics form, Antonovskychr('39')s sense of coherence, and Pargamentchr('39')s religious coping. Following that, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

According to the results, the mean values of positive and negative religious coping in patients with type 2 diabetes were obtained at 17.22±3 and 4.77±3.8, respectively. Moreover, the mean score of coherence in these patients was determined at 116±17.1. There was a statistically significant relationship between positive religious coping and sense of cohesion (P=0.001).

Considering the positive effect of religious coping on improving the sense of coherence and reducing mental problems in patients with type 2 diabetes, this approach could be beneficial as a new intervention in patients with chronic diabetes.

The health care environment is changing rapidly, and nurses are exposed to a variety of ethical issues and moral conflicts. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the experiences of nurses regarding moral conflicts in the educational and medical centers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019.

The present qualitative study was conducted in educational and medical centers of Mazandaran province. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Inclusion criteria include nurses with at least one year of work experience in the hospital who were willing to share their experiences of moral conflicts. Graneheim, U.H., and Lundman, B. Qualitative Content Analysis were used for analyzing the content.

In the present study, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants (16 women and 6 men). In total, 3 main themes and 11 sub-themes were extracted from the data analysis. The subjects include "organization-related factors", "factors related to effective communication", "dilemma of morality versus law".

According to the findings of this study, managers and other members of the healthcare team should support nurses in the face of ethical challenges. Furthermore, continuous in-service training courses should be provided for nursing staff.

Weakness in general health is one of the problems of mankind today. It seems that spirituality can be an important factor in promoting general health. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of spiritual well-being in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and general health in college students.

The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, in 2019, among whom, 376 cases were selected using the convenience sampling method. The required data were gathered through questionnaires, including the Spiritual Intelligence, General Health, and Spiritual Well-Being questionnaires.

The results showed that spiritual intelligence, existential well-being, and religious well-being had a significant positive correlation with general health. Existential well-being and religious well-being were positively and significantly correlated with general health (P<0.01). The results of path analysis also indicated the mediating role of existential well-being and religious well-being in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and general health.

The results of the present study showed that spiritual intelligence helped to improve and promote general health by strengthening and improving spiritual health in the dimensions of existential health and religious health. Based on this, it is suggested to design the necessary measures to strengthen general health in different individuals and groups and develop programs to strengthen spiritual intelligence and spiritual well-being.

This study aimed to investigate the role of spiritual health in predicting the mental vulnerability of staff of Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran.

This descriptive correlational study included 123 staff who were randomly selected based on Morganchr('39')s table and completed the Pulotzin and Ellison Spiritual Health Questionnaires and Mental Symptoms. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS statistical software (version 21) using mean±SD, Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis.

The findings showed a significant relationship between the total score of spiritual health and mental vulnerability. Among the subscales, depression, hypersensitivity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and aggression were mostly correlated with resilience in descending order (P <0.001). Moreover, the results of linear regression analysis showed that spiritual health was able to predict the degree of psychological vulnerability and its subscales (P<0.001).

It can be concluded that an increase in spiritual health can lead to a decrease in mental disorders. The results of this study can also be used to diagnose the extent of psychological damage in the staff of Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran, and plan the necessary psychological interventions in this target group.

Spiritual health is an important dimension that enhances the function of the mind and the well-being of the individual and promotes other dimensions of health. In times of crisis, spirituality is a powerful resource that seriously impedes stress and depression. Fuʾād is an epistemological essence that encompasses a large part of the human mind, soul, and heart. The transparency of this essence could be improved by ethical values. Today, human beings are psychologically and emotionally challenged and unbalanced. The present study aimed to answer the question: "How is spiritual health defined by emphasizing the strengthening of the heart (Fuʾād) based on an ethical approach to the poems of Hafez?" The present descriptive-analytical study has explained the meaning and various types of Fuʾād and its reference to the verses of the Holy Quran in Hafezchr('39')s poems. Finally, the study concluded that ethical values ​​in Hafezchr('39')s poems can be listed as an emotional influence in Fuʾād, creation of peace, comfort, sincerity, and refinement in Fuʾād, perception of the purgatory state of man, enlightenment of Fuʾād by Quranic verses, reminiscence of the eternal day pact and invitation to moderation and benevolence.

In medical knowledge, temperament refers to the moderate quality resulting from the action and reaction of contrasting elements. Every individual and ethnic group is diverse in terms of temperament. While temperament affects factors, it is also affected by them. Factors that affect human temperament are divided into two categories: acquired and non-acquired. Therefore, identifying and modifying the acquired factors plays an important role in controlling and managing human health.Therefore, the present study aimed to comprehensively extract the acquired factors affecting temperament from the perspective of religious texts and analyze them using the achievements of traditional Muslim and non-Muslim medicine.This study is descriptive and analytical which has been done by referring to religious texts and classical and modern medical scientific sources. The obtained information has been classified, analyzed, and processed.The findings of this study indicated that issues such as nutrition, geographical environment, seasons, age, and mood are among the acquired factors affecting human temperament.