نشریه مطالعات سیاسی
پیاپی 52 (تابستان 1400)

The neoconservatives have designed a wide range of new programs in American foreign policy, as well as major developments in US domestic politics that have revolutionized the country's political image at home and abroad. During the presidency of George W. Bush, the United States believed that widespread intervention in the world's political, social, and economic affairs required military might and violence. After 9/11, the United States was able to mobilize public opinion and pursue an aggressive approach by magnifying the threat of terrorism. So the main question of the research is how to assess the impact of neoconservative thinking in the United States on the administration of George W. Bush after 9/11? In answer to the main question, the hypothesis is that the influence of neoconservative thought in the United States after 9/11 led to social Darwinism, nationalism, elitism, militarism, belligerence, imperialism, Globalization and human rights abuses were part of the policies of the George W. Bush administration, and its foreign policy has exacerbated anarchy in the international system. In this regard, the implementation of the scenario of September 11, 2001, provided a good opportunity to implement the plans, programs and policies of the George W. Bush administration in line with the hegemony and the new world order that the United States seeks. In this research, the theoretical framework of realism and aggressive realism and critical methodology have been used.

One of the methods of foreign policy analysis of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to explain the central strategies on the basis of which many actions and reactions of foreign policy can be understood and examined. The strategy of detente in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran from 1989 to 2005 and also from 2013 until now, is one of these strategies with different titles such as "interactive developmentalist" policy and "interaction-oriented moderation" as important. The most foreign policy strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in those periods is considered. Therefore, the way of recognizing and theoretically explaining this strategy can help us to understand Iran's foreign policy more than before. In this article, we seek to explain the concern that de-escalation in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be analyzed on the basis of what theoretical approach? Our findings suggest that the critical hermeneutic approach based on communicative action can be used as a useful theoretical framework for the study of detente in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this article, with descriptive-analytical method, de-tensioning in Iranian foreign policy based on critical hermeneutics focusing on topics such as communicative rationality and Habermas theory of communicative action, Hashemi Rafsanjani pragmatic discourse, Khatami discourse based on communicative rationality and ethics, discourse diplomacy , And the spiritual discourse of moderation and constructive interaction with the world, etc. are discussed in this article.

Today, cyberspace and social networks have overshadowed all areas of human life and created opportunities such as constant access, interactivity, extra-temporality, learning and speed for societies. Cyberspace has played an important role in improving management, accountability and transparency, social oversight and improving good governance in communities. Good governance has focused on the development of societies in order to improve the performance of governments in the economic, social, political and managerial fields. One of the important characteristics of good governance is controlling corruption means preventing the abuse of official powers and duties for personal gain. This study aims to investigate the role of social networks in combating financial corruption as one of the important components in the good governance approach. The method of this research is descriptive and survey, in the first part of documentary and library sources and in the survey part, a questionnaire was used. The statistical population used in this research is 389 students of Azad University of Tehran Science and Research Branch and simple random sampling and 17 closed questions in the form of Likert scale and SPSS21 software were used for data analysis. The most important findings of this study indicate that social networks prevent and fight financial corruption by influencing public opinion, highlighting and exposing corruption, strengthening the activities of non-governmental organizations and strengthening transparency and accountability. Conclusion This study shows that social networks play a constructive and effective role in preventing and combating financial corruption.

Considering the evolutions of international relationships in modern world, development of the related needs of human society in social, economic, political, and cultural grounds in particular, and human societies entering trade and technological competitions, it seems necessary to provide a new classification of the concept of human security to be more compatible with current realities in the development of international trade. Accordingly, it is necessary, first, to examine transition from the concept of national security towards economic security, then, suggest and explain modern concepts in the field of human security. Accordingly, in the present research, the concept of human security has transited from merely military and environmental necessities and, in a modern approach, is considered in the form of the concept of international trade with the aim of protecting the trade data. Also, in this research, edited based on inductive method and library studies, the prevention principle is considered, as a modern method, to prevent trade data and intellectual property from being leaked to trade security to be realized.

This article, while analyzing economic stability and its indices, explains the variables and components influenced by the policies and functions of the banking system as the most important of the political-economic system that influences the economic stability of the IR.I. This influences are due to the widespread communication at the community, the impact on cash flow, capital in the society; the possibility of corruption, rents, bribery, embezzlement, money laundering, financing of terrorism; payment of bank facilities and provision of production capital and trade, transfer the funds of trading transactions, managing and directing resources allocation in the form of various contracts, direct and indirect effects on the exchange rate, interest, inflation and etc, play a role in stabilizing or stimulating economic instability. In this research, while confirming that, there is a direct and cross-correlation relationship between the implementation of financial-economic policies of the banking system and the economic stability of the IR.I, the results investigated by using integrated methods by qualitative content analysis method to identify and select the variables of economic stability, and the impact and effect of the banking system in order to improve quantitative methods and then use the Delphi technique and group consensus.

Political systems in a traditional division are called the presidential system, the parliamentary system and the semi-presidential system (or semi-parliamentary system). Each of these political systems has its own characteristics and functions. At the same time, they suffer from some disadvantages, so that political theorists and public law have emerged as the ones who offer new solutions and models. The current political system that rules Iran, the Islamic Republic, in itself, has certain characteristics that are unique among the political systems in the world. . The most prominent feature of this political system is its basis on the principle of Velayat-e-Faqih as a model of governance and the political theory of Islam. Regardless of all the controversy surrounding this theory, An important issue to consider is whether, assuming that this principle constitutes the essence of the political system of the Islamic Republic and that all aspects of this system are based on this principle, which of the traditional models of political systems is the presidency or Can they be recognized as parliamentary or semi-presidential (semi-parliamentary) in the Islamic Republic?

The Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created a crisis rooted in the foundations of the modern West. The fundamental question of the research is what crisis does the Frankfurt School identify in modern society and what solution does it offer to get out of it? The research hypothesis explains that the Frankfurters studied the crisis of "alienation" by studying modernity, and made statements such as mechanism, technology, instrumental reason, the culture industry, impossible art, media, capitalism, scientism, positivism, bureaucracy, and various ideologies. No exclusion-they knew the causes of the crisis. Cases that can be considered in two categories of higher causes and causal causes (causes that are both born and the cause of alienation). Their opinion leads minus the characteristics of the existing society and is worthy of dialectical cognition, that is, rational and extremely free societies. Technology is placed in its main dignity, that is, instrumentality, so that through this, man can get out of the state of objectification and become one with his original nature. Also, in the forthcoming research, Thomas Spragen’s Crisis Theory, the theoretical framework and the basis of discussion have been established.

Formation of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad in 1946, after the Russians refused to leave Iran during World War II, was an important event at that time that had a significant impact on both the country's developments and on the future. The Kurdish newspaper, was the Official language of the Republic of Kurdistan and the KDPI, that led by Ghazi Mohammad, and are therefore one of the valuable sources for reviewing, analyzing, and criticizing the events of this period. Based on the qualitative discourse analysis model of Norman Fairclough, this article analyzes the discourse of Anti- government in the experience of the Republic of Kurdistan by examining articles published in the Kurdistan newspaper. The main question is whether is there a political discourse of anti-government in the Republic of Kurdistan? According to the results, the experience of the Kurdistan Republic is a part of the results of the despotism in Iran during the Qajars and Pahlavi regimes. Hence, the main discourse of the republic is freedom and democracy, and, then there is Kurdish nationalism in the pursuit of autonomy within the political framework of the Iranian government. The approach of the Republic of Kurdistan has not been an anti- government. Rather, it was a confrontation with despotism, a popular demand that coincided with the social movement of the Iranian people against the political despotism of Iran.

Analysis and understanding of conflict of interest in the policy and structure of higher education of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the focus on the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology as one of the 19 ministries of the Iranian government and responsible for integrating administrative affairs, policy, science, research and technology Is possible. The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, as a super-organization, has diverse departments in the field of decision-making and implementation, which include situations of conflict of interest. In the present descriptive-analytical research and in response to the foundations of conflict of interest in the structure of higher education in the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is hypothesized that conflict of interest in the field of higher education in Iran is often the result of rules and regulations that govern university members and faculty. The results and findings of the present study emphasize that conflicts of interest in the field of higher education can reduce the quality of education, create all kinds of scientific frauds and make issues such as money and income superior to knowledge.