نشریه حسابداری ارزشی و رفتاری
سال ششم شماره 11 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

Advances in technology and the evolution of todaychr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s business world have challenged auditors with the obsolescence of traditional auditing methods. In such circumstances, the necessity and importance of using technology in the audit process are apparent. In recent decades, many studies have been conducted to identify factors affecting the acceptance of technology by auditors. The dispersion of the results and the time-consuming nature of the study, and the understanding of this phenomenon in the literature have provided a specific space for additional research to combine and integrate all available information. The purpose of this study was to integrate the results of experimental research conducted in this field and provide an objective and comprehensive picture of the factors previously identified on the acceptance of technology by auditors. In line with the research objectives, all existing literature and studies on the factors affecting the acceptance of technology in the auditing profession were combined using the meta-analysis method. Sixty-nine studies and twenty main and widely used relationships in technology acceptance in the audit profession were identified and analyzed. In addition, many relationships were adjusted based on country of origin and user type. The findings showed that all identified relationships are statistically significant. The most important factors in accepting technology from an individual perspective were identified as perceived usefulness, facilitator conditions and understanding of ease of use. Also, the most important factors in accepting technology from an organizational perspective were identified as cost-benefit technology, competitive pressure, technology-duty adaptation, and company readiness, respectively. The findings of this study can be used by professional policymakers, partners of auditing firms, employees in the profession, legislative bodies, and academics with creating a clear insight toward the effective factors for implementing technology in auditing firms so that these groups can take steps to remove barriers to the use of technology in the auditing profession.

The threat of self-interest as an environmental factor can affect the ethical decision-making process of auditors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the threat of self- interest on ethical sensitivity, with an emphasis on the role of mediator of the ethical severity of auditors. This research is a quasi experimental study and the statistical population of the study includes auditors working in private audit firms in 2018, of which 186 were selected as sample volumes. The research data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using the structural equation modeling using PLS software. Findings show that the threat of self- interest has a positive and significant effect on ethical sensitivity, and this effect is exacerbated by the variable of moral intensity. Therefore, based on the theory of social cognition, it can be argued that the existence of a Self-Interest  Threat due to fears that poses the negative consequences of these threats to auditors can increase the ethical sensitivity and moral intensity of auditors to ethical issues.

Value orientation is an important variable in work ethics that includes peoplechr('39')s beliefs about material and post material issues. This study classifies internal auditors into three groups: materialistic, post materialist, and a combination of the two. Then, it measures the level of value orientation, positive moods and perception of fairness and examines its relation with the Whistle-blowing from a behavioral and social perspectives. In this Paper, the research method for collecting theoretical foundations is archival, also we use questionnaire for collecting survey data. The statistical sample of the present study includes 149 internal auditors working in listed companies on the Tehran stock exchange who have been selected by using the simple random sampling method. Multiple linear regression has been used to test the hypotheses. The results of hypotheses testing show that the value orientation has a significant and positive relationship with the materialistic internal auditorschr('39') intention  to whistle-blowing. But this relationship is a significant and negative one in the post materialist auditing group. In the third group, materialist- post materialist internal auditors, there is no significant relationship between value orientation and whistle-blowing. Evidence of this study also shows that positive moods and fairness in all three groups have a significant and positive relationship with the whistle-blowing. The contribution of this research is the introduction of value orientation theory to behavioral accounting and auditing texts. The results of this study can also provide useful information to internal audit profession policymakers about fraud reporting.

Honest financial reporting leads to optimal stakeholder decision making and will lead to the economic prosperity of communities through the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the factors that affect honest financial reporting. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors such as mental health, perfectionism and procrastination of accountants on honest financial reporting. The data were obtained using questionnaires and by a sample of senior accountants of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Hypotheses are tested by structural equation modeling using PLS software. Findings showed that accountants mental health and perfectionism lead to procrastination and honest reporting. On the other hand, the effect of procrastination on honest reporting and the mediating effect of procrastination has not been confirmed. Paying attention to the characteristics of mental health and trying to promote it in the organization, especially among accountants and financial managers, leads to improve the reporting process and increases honesty in presenting companies financial reports and optimal decisions of different user groups.

Cognitive learning strategies are an integrated and engaging approach that helps individuals acquire the skills to select, set goals, replace Strategies, and function effectively through psychological activities. The purpose of t‍‍‍his study was to investigate the effect of cognitive learning strategies using Pi‍‍‍ntrich and DeG‍‍‍‍‍root self-regulated learn‍‍‍ing strategies on the Auditorchr('39')s neutrality. Learning Strategies in this way include rehearsal learning strategies, Elaboration, organization, planning, Monitoring, and Regulating. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 521 auditors working in the auditing institutes of the Iranian Society of Certified Auditors and the audit organization located in the geographical area of Tehran in 2020 and were selected by a simple random sampli‍‍‍ng me‍‍‍‍‍‍thod. A desc‍‍‍ripti‍‍‍‍ve Su‍‍‍rve‍‍‍y m‍‍‍eth‍‍‍od a‍‍‍nd a sta‍‍‍ndard Questionnaire inst‍‍‍‍rum‍‍‍‍ent have been used in this research. Also, research hyp‍‍‍otheses we‍‍re-tes‍‍‍ted by mo‍‍‍‍‍‍deling struct‍‍‍ural equatio‍‍‍‍ns u‍‍‍‍sing PLS so‍‍‍‍‍‍ftware. Research findings show that cognitive learning strategies have a positive and significant effect on auditor neutrality. Also, cognitive learning strategies of Rehearsal and Elaboration, planning, Regulating, organization, and Monitoring have the greatest impact on the auditorchr('39')s neutrality variable, respectively. The results of this research can lead to the expansion of topics related to decision making and judgment in auditing and finally to improve audit quality.

Auditing is a judgmental process that requires the professional judgments of auditors in both the performance and reporting stages. Psychological theories (dual code theory and load theory) state that visual information can make better judgments and decisions than its linear functions (states) by stimulating the nonlinear functions of the human brain. Thus, in the present study, the mental mapping model based on the above-mentioned psychological theories has been analyze to compile the audit report using statistical tests such as binomial test, t-test, Kolmogorov test and Friedman test. In order to design a mind mapping model, 53 independent auditors and academic experts were surveyed in 2020 to first extract data related to the main factors influencing reporting and then to use it to develop and design a mind mapping model. The model of mind map extracted and compiled in the present study can be use as an effective tool in compiling the auditorchr('39')s report as a desirable and reliable adjustment of the audit report.

The reporting approach is not limited to disclose financial events in accounting. Therefore, in response to stakeholder demand and increased accountability to society, many companies around the world publish their information about environmental, social, and governance performance, which are known as sustainability reporting. The purpose of this study is to identify the environmental, social, and governance components in the insurance industry. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify the components of sustainability. Twelve sustainability reports of foreign insurance companies with the highest environmental, social and Governance scores in the Thomson Reuters database were selected by purposive sampling method. Findings showed that the components of sustainability reporting include important general information of company, sustainable investment, sustainable insurance, environmental issues, customers and employees, Diversity, social inclusion and fair opportunities, risk management, education and development, health and Welfare, compliance management, climate change, supply chain, organization integrity, Leadership structure, corporate citizen activity, and information technology. The findings also suggest that insurance companies consider a wide range of stakeholders as the target audience for their sustainability reports. The results of this study can be used by Iranian insurance companies to prepare sustainability reports.

Corporate sustainability plays a key role in integrating and pursuing the economic, social and environmental goals of companies. The purpose of this study is the development and evaluation of model of implementation barriers, disclosure and standardization of corporate sustainability in Iran. In this study, with the help of interviews with 20 experts by using a snowball sampling method based on the thematic analysis of the interviews, the research model has been developed. Also, in order to assess the validity of the presented model, using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed, the opinions of 123 experts were received in 2019 and analyzed. Research findings indicate that, lack of coherent legal requirements, weak infrastructure in the field of education, technology and human resources, and underdeveloped accountability and accountability system and lack of demands of the society are the most important of implementation barriers corporate sustainability. From the perspective of this study, non-mandatory sustainability reporting, the lack of a standard for sustainability reporting and the lack of a model and the difficulty of measuring corporate sustainability are the most important of barriers to disclosing corporate sustainability. The findings also، showed that the quality of corporate sustainability and the difficulty of formulating the standard for it are the most important of barrier to formulating the standard for corporate sustainability. Accordingly, it is suggested to government and companies to provide the infrastructure, capacity and facilities needed to implement corporate sustainability. It is also suggested to Corporate Audit and the Securities Exchange Organization to take the necessary steps for codification corporate sustainability laws and standard.

.Managers and auditors in the performance and audit process in recent years pay special attention to the way information is presented and the readability of financial reporting and try to manage it. Managers using the hypothesis of management ambiguity seek to obscure and to conceal information through complicating and less transparency in financial reporting. On the other hand, auditors also assess the risk of audit contracts with employers. This study aims to investigate the performance indicators and audit implications on the Linguistic Complexity of Financial Information Disclosure based on Readability in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the return on assets as a performance indicator and the delay of the audit report and changes of the auditor as audit outcomes and to measure readability, the Fog index has been used. Data of 152 companies were analyzed by elimination sampling method for the period 2010 to 2020. The research method is regression analysis and data panel and GMM approach has been used to test the research models. The results of testing the hypotheses show that the return on assets have a negative and significant effect on the readability of financial statements. In addition, the delay of the auditorchrchr('39')s report has a positive effect on the readability and the auditorchrchr('39')s changes have a negative and significant effect on the readability of the auditorchrchr('39')s report.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the professional commitment of accounting students as a result of the anticipatory socialization process and in the framework of the college impact model of input-environment-output. This study is a descriptive and correlational research and the statistical population of this study consists of accounting final year undergraduate students of public universities across the country. The information required for this study was collected by completing a questionnaire by 190 students in 2020. In order to test the hypotheses, the partial least squares structural equation modelling has been used. The results of the study indicate a positive and significant effect of studentschr motivation and their involvement on professional commitment. The results also show a positive and significant effect of studentschr motivation on the perceived environment and their involvement. In addition, the results suggest that student involvement plays a mediating role in the relationship between motivation and professional commitment as well as in the relationship between perceived environment and professional commitment. The results of this study indicate that the input-environment-output model can provide a suitable framework for examining the process of anticipatory socialization and explaining the factors affecting the professional commitment of accounting students, as the outcome of the anticipatory socialization process.

Gender has a significant impact on the way information is collected and processed. Also, information processing methods are different in women than men. The goal of this research is to study gender effect on client auditing management neutralizing and auditor earning management discovering capability. Auditing management happens only when client intends to distract auditing focus on other sections (sections which have been manipulated by earning management or fraud) by the means of deviations tactics and wackiness. The statistical research population consists of head supervisor of the auditing organization during summer of 2018, which scenarios were distributed among 120 of them in a quasi-experimental manner. Available sampling has been executed in this research. In order to gender study control in auditing management t-student and Analysis of variance tests were utilized. Research results show that gender differences have positive significant effect on influences of auditing management neutralizing and earning management discovering by auditors in a way which female auditors show better performance in discovering earning management and neutralizing the auditing management effects, whereby the findings can play an important role in the manner of determining the auditing team members, and paying them properly.

Disclosing environmental information by the companies is considered a way of transferring information related to environmental operation and itchr('39')s concerning affect on beneficiary parties, which recognizing the motives and their impacting factors is considered a vital affair because of the significant role of this type of reporting in proper and wise decision making. Thus, taking into account the significance of environmental reporting and the necessity of integration, the findings of researches that address the factors that impact this type of reporting and in order to systematically analyze mentioned factors and motives, meta-synthesis qualitative approach which consists of Sandlowski and Barsochr('39')s seven levels, was employed. Therefore the purpose of this inquiry is to recognize factors impacting environmental reporting with the aim of invigoration and improvement of this type of reporting as one of the imperative tools of countering to beneficiary parties. For this purpose a number of 39 related articles for Farsi sources through the span of 1380 to 1400 S.H and for the English sources through 2000 to 2020 A.D were put to analysis in the meta-synthesis section. As for the purpose, this study is operational. By employing the Shannon entropy method, the determination of the recognized factors impact coefficient was addressed on the basis of content analysis approach. The findings suggest that environmental reporting motives are classified in 8 categories and 69 components. Among the recognized components, items such as company size, standards, rules and regulations and also the existence of an audit committee and pressures of competition are rather more significant components than others. This study provides a new viewpoint in environmental reporting motives analysis to the subscribers of the inquiry results and improves beneficiary partieschr('39') awareness regarding the recognition of motives and impacting factors on such reporting, by a plenary analysis of factors impacting environmental reporting.