فصلنامه مطالعات تاریخ اسلام
پیاپی 49 (تابستان 1400)

Khunji was one of the official historians who, in addition to reporting on the condition of the sultans, also deals with social issues in his works; However, these issues were raised in his works under the history of the government and mixed with jurisprudential-legal views, which distinguishes him from other historians of his time. The purpose of this article is to use a descriptive-analytical method to explore the most prominent social issues considered by Khunji as much as possible in his three historical works - alam araye amini, mehman nameye bokhara and Soluk Al-Muluk.

The issue of the extent and level of political and trade relations between Iran and Germany during the years of World War II and the factors that influenced these relations led to tensions between the Iranian government and the Allies, is the subject of this study. This research has been conducted in order to answer the question of what factors influenced the political and economic relations between Iran and Germany during this period. The findings of the study indicate that the result of the rivalry between the Russian and British colonialists in Iran and Reza Shahc desire for dictatorship, especially after Hitler came to power in Germany, brought Reza Shah closer to the German government. But not pursuing the right policy towards the country northern and southern neighbors (Soviet and British) gave these governments the necessary excuse to occupy Iran. This research tries to study the political and trade relations between Iran and Germany in the Second World War with a descriptive-analytical and library method.

The Javanshir Turkish dynasty, gaining power in the region, established dual relations with Iran and Russia. To strengthen relations, Fath Ali Shah married the daughter of Khan Javanshir. This connection did not prevent the Javanshirians from consolidating their political attitude towards the Iranian government. Aghabigam Agha, a poet and aware of the new civilization became the wife of Fath Ali Shah. This marriage failed in the private and emotional dimension, but caused the influence of Javanshirians and Qarabaghians in the power structure of Iran. This article, based on the method of historical analysis, has described and interpreted the role of Javanshiri women in the Qajar harem and later in the power of Iran. The marriage led to the establishment of the Qarabaghian network in the Qajar court, which ranged from court and diplomatic, judicial to conspiracy theories.  Other marriages of Javanshiri women with other princes also strengthened this network. The Karabakh network became an important local and regional intermediary for political and trade relations with the Russians and the Caucasus. The network, which had its roots in the harem, was supplemented by a military, security, commercial and court network.

The narration of Safavid historians of the first Shah-Ghezelbash confrontation during the reign of Shah Tahmasb is a relatively realistic and, of course, not very clear account of the early decline of a sacred structure in a non-sacred formulation. Therefore, the farther we go from the stage of the early Safavid movement, the historians narrative of a sacred content turns to a kind of realism. According to this, the narration of historians from the first encounter between Shah and Ghezelbash can be considered from two methodological and content perspectives. Methodologically, although the narrative of these historians is relatively descriptive, it is less focused on holiness. In terms of the content of this re-reading, the emphasis is on the decline of Ghezelbash disciples under the increasing demands of the economy and their growing political thirst, emphasizing their role in challenging the theology of the monarchy and ultimately building it. The heroic faces of the king as the ultimate winner of this controversy. This research seeks to explore in a descriptive-analytical way the elements that shape the narrative of historians from the first confrontation between Shah and Ghezelbash at the beginning of Shah Tahmasbc era

Research on interpretive ideas and the history of interpretation is one of the well-known fields in Quranic and interpretive studies. However, attention to the history of the formation of the idea of ​​esoteric interpretation and its relationship with exaggerated and esoteric interpretive tendencies in the field of Shiism has received less attention. In the period of Imam Sadegh (AS) and then in the middle of the second century AH, the interpretive discourse of the network of radical extremists was formed. However, studies show that historically there was a serious distinction between the network of Mufaddal and radical Ghulat such as Abu l-Khattab and, consequently, their interpretive discourse. Using the approach of the history of ideas and thought in Islamic studies, this study seeks to investigate the relationship between the interpretive tendency of the Mofazal network and radical extremists with the transition to the era of Imam Sadegh (AS) and approaching the middle of the second century AH. . This study will be based on a detailed analysis of the evolution of the interpretive tendency of the Mofazal network in the time of Imam Sadegh (AS).

The common image of the Iranian historical monarchies in most of the historical studies is still the image of an Absolute monarchy, in which all decisions are originated in the personal wills of the monarch. Nevertheless, in a notable number of historical texts we are facing plenty of evidences of the existence of consultancies, advisory councils or even some well-established traditions for consultation among the high officials and the monarch, which illustrate a different image of the decision making process in the courts of the Iranian dynasties. A good example of such advisory councils is “Majma-e Omaray-e Janaqi” in Safavid era had an especial protocol for convening. This research is firstly aimed at reviewing the background of the tradition of “Janaqi” in Safavid era and illustrating a clear image of the rules of procedure of this council by means of describing its structure and scope of work on the basis of existing information in the remained instructions of the Safavid royal court.

Without a theoretical appropriate background, it was difficult for the premiership (vezarat ) to reach the peak of power in seljuqed era. This theoretical efforts have been made since the beginning of the fourth century and simultaneously as the revitalization of the premiership. Ferdowsi was one of the thinkers who made the efforts about in this subject. The purpose of this study is to answer the question: How were Ferdowsi’s efforts used to provide a appropriate theoretical background for the maximize the authority of the premiership?. In the SHahname, specially in historical part, Ferdowsi introduced the vezir  as the main character of this section, due to the lack of the mythical era  wise kings. By the introduce Bzorgmehr  as sage/vezir, he made him a symbol of the premiership, which could be used as a background for this institution.