نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، زمستان 1399)

Empowerment in rural areas can make a difference in the knowledge of villagers, attitudes and emotions and in the way they do their work. Empowerment is one of the necessary components to achieve sustainable development, so achieving sustainable development is described as impossible without empowering the weak sections of society. The true meaning of empowerment of rural communities can be used as a process of increasing capacity. Everyone understood the independence of using local resources in a productive and creative way in rural society. Any community development effort based on local resources should be to support the benefits of poverty reduction in different types of rural areas. Therefore, for sustainable development and development of local areas, special attention should be paid to the capabilities, talents and capabilities of these communities and the use of natural resources, social resources and advanced technology in order for society to flourish and achieve sustainable development. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of developing rural empowerment management strategies based on sustainable spatial development. This article has been done on the subject by qualitative content analysis of resources. The required data has been collected by documentary method and through rethinking previous and meta-combinations of researches and theorizing, it has introduced the background of empowerment and followed the trajectory of research on the need for empowerment with an approach to sustainable rural development.

the beginning of the wave of using quantitative models in social sciences during the 1960s along with the development and underdevelopment issues expanded the use of these methods in determining the level of development of regions. On the other hand development and underdevelopment are among the issues that are raised among planners.in this regard the existence of regional inequalities and differences which in addition to natural economic and social characteristics affected by policies and planning has led the planning to invent techniques and methods by determining the degree of development and Ranking of regions can identify and analyze the causes of inequalities and differences in the region. Unequal development of regions is one of the issues and problems that have always occupied the minds of regional planners and implementers; Looking at the distribution of facilities and services in the regions, it is clear that these activities are not evenly distributed; Because the development of regions has been done due to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of resources as well as various social, economic and climatic factors of regions; In other words, due to the potential and actual regional facilities, the development of regions of a province or country may not be homogeneous in different sectors of industry, agriculture, services, etc., and this makes the need to study in these sectors inevitable (Nazm Fard et al., 2014, 108). Today, the study of economic and social indicators are considered essential for the development of development strategies) Yasouri,2010:60). If the level of development of regions is not measured based on economic and social indicators and these indicators are not converted into combined indicators of development, the policy-making process will be followed regardless of the effect of the said indicators and the desired result will not be achieved (Noorbakhsh,2002:930). Therefore, in order to formulate a scientific and logical basis for development policy, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the current state of regional development in terms of various economic and social indicators (Yu & etal, 2010: 1218). The ranking of regions and regions in terms of economic and social development is considered as a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) that there are various methods to deal with it (Martic & etal, 2001, 343). Multi-criteria decision making is one of the most widely used decision-making methods in scientific, commercial, engineering and management affairs. These methods improve the quality of decisions and evaluations through logical clarification and efficiency of the decision-making process (Wang & etal, 2008, 45). It should be noted that the use of quantitative criteria and methods for leveling settlements in the spatial system of regions, on the one hand leads to recognizing the inequality of settlements and on the other hand is a criterion for trying to reduce and eliminate inequality between them (Taghvaei et al. 2015,156). In this research, by collecting various indicators and measures, it has been tried to study and rank the level of development in the provinces of Iran and finally to provide suggestions for achieving balanced development in the country. The research method used in this research is descriptive-analytical with an applied approach. In the field of data collection, the library method has been used. The statistical population of this research is the provinces of the country. On this basis, using the library method, the theoretical foundations related to the subject have been studied and then the Vikor model has been used to measure the ranking of the provinces of the country in terms of development indicators. Due to the importance of indicators and also the limitation of access to them, 40 variables including agricultural indicators (6 cases), industrial indicators (3 cases), educational indicators (9 cases), cultural and social indicators (6 cases) , Health and treatment indicators (8 cases), economic indicators (1 case) and infrastructure indicators (7 cases) which have been collected from the statistical yearbook of 2014, have been studied. Also, to better show the development position of Iranian provinces, based on the Qi index, all Iranian provinces were classified into three groups. At the developed level 1 province (Qom), at the developing level 19 provinces (East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Mazandaran, Isfahan, Lorestan, Ilam, Semnan, Tehran, Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, South Khorasan, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Kerman , Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Zanjan, Hamedan, Yazd, Kurdistan) and at the underdeveloped level, 11 provinces (West Azerbaijan, Alborz, Bushehr, Khuzestan, Qazvin, Sistan and Baluchestan, Kermanshah, Golestan, Gilan, Markazi, Hormozgan) have been identified.

Land integration depends on recognizing the resilience and planning for the rural economy.
Many lands that have been integrated failed due to lack of proper resilience. In this regard, this paper aims to apply a descriptive-survey approach to examine the economic resilience of utilizators in land consolidation in the village of Gozal dareh. The city of Saveh. A research tool (50 land exploitation practitioners), a questionnaire, and interviewing and holding collaborative workshops that were designed using the Conner-Davidson (CD-RISC)Conservation Scale and the Land consolidation Scale. Component Data analysis was done using the software SPSS. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 6 factors of using agricultural machinery, reducing costs, increasing land value, increasing production efficiency, product diversity and extension of cropping area in a total of 100 variances in the economic restitution of land consolidation led to resilience Most rural households.

The life of any city, especially the metropolises, depends on its surroundings and in the meantime, agricultural lands and villages are important factors in the development of urban. villages and agricultural lands are threatened as a result of urban sprawl. In this regard the villages along with agricultural lands and gardens around the city of Urmia have not been removed from these changes and have changed their use with the expansion of the city. This study aims to investigate the physical-spatial changes of villages located in the city of Urmia due to the development of the Urmia city. In this study, the type of applied research and its study method is descriptive-analytical. The required data and information have been collected through a comprehensive and detailed plan of the city, analysis of maps and satellite images, as well as through documents, books related to the subject and related organizations. The results show that the villages located in the city of Urmia, being located in a corner of the city, but outside the city limits and the cheap land has become the main destination for migrants and farmers. They have closed agriculture and turned to non-agricultural occupations by changing the land use. As a result, the population of these villages has changed extensively compared to other villages, and this trend continues.

The quality of life is one of the most important issues in the world after the basic issues in the development of social policy of people depends on many factors, including employment, decent income, access to services such as education and health, health, natural environment, security, and so on. The present study was carried out using 20 quality of life indicators, which are included in the statistics of Management and Planning Organization of East Azarbaijan province in 1394, following the ranking of the cities of East Azarbaijan Province in terms of having quality levels. Living with the use of Copras techniques. Excel and Arc 9.3 Arc GIS were used for statistical calculations and drawing maps and diagrams. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Data were collected by documentary and field studies. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference between the cities of the province regarding the quality of life indicators. Therefore, policy-makers and planners of the province's development should prioritize the best strategies to promote quality of life indicators among the cities of East Azarbaijan.

Disability as a biological and social phenomenon is a reality that all countries face. Meeting the access needs of people with disabilities requires the use of special measures because providing equal access and opportunities for members of society is one of the pillars of citizenship rights.The purpose of this article is to redefine the content of the urban planning system based on a critical analysis of Isfahan urban space from the perspective of the disabled and to provide practical recommendations for improving the social, spatial and physical conditions of cities in favor of physically disabled people. Thus, the researcher in the present study seeks to answer the question that what is the model of the components of the criticized urban space of Isfahan from the perspective of the disabled and how valid is this model? The type of research in this research is descriptive-analytical. Urban spaces are part of the open and public spaces of cities, which are a kind of crystallization of the nature of collective life. Urban spaces are a scene in which the story of collective life unfolds. They are spaces that allow people to access and work in it. While discussing social justice, Hahn sees access to places and spaces as broadly underpinning the efforts of people with disabilities to achieve equal opportunity. In every city, the necessary facilities for welfare and development must be provided for all sections of society. Many people with disabilities, especially the physically disabled, live in this world. On the other hand, cities are built for people who have a strong and healthy body. However, all citizens in cities, including the disabled, have the right to enjoy living and working opportunities in cities. The importance of citizenship equality is that people with disabilities, like other people in society, enjoy the facilities available in urban public spaces. People with physical disabilities are usually unable to move around cities due to physical barriers, unfair land use policies, substandard buildings, and insufficient public spaces available. Some developed countries of the world have paid attention to the needs of the disabled who have returned from the war since the eighties. As the social dimension of the issue expanded, it became even more important. These countries implemented programs that ensured the movement of the physically disabled in cities without any problems. In the present study, the type of study in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the research method is analytical-descriptive in nature. The required information has been collected from documentary method and field or survey method. In the documentary method to review the theoretical foundations of research and statistics and information required, the most important research related to the subject, in the form of scientific articles in valid journals and statistical offices, municipalities, etc. have been used. The statistical population of the study will consist of two groups: 1- Managers and specialists in urban space affairs and affairs of the disabled; 2- All citizens with disabilities, veterans and mobility disabilities over 6 years old who are divided into five groups according to the types of disabilities (mobility and deaf - physically disabled, blind, visually impaired; spinal cord injuries). Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze the data obtained from the researcher-made questionnaire and the findings will be presented in the form of graphic representation and numerical indicators of the central tendency. Graphs are used to display graphically. Among the central tendency indices, the facade, which is the most appropriate type of central tendency index for reporting quantitative research, is used. Regression analysis is also used in SPSS20 software to check the validity of the model. Finally, the results of both stages are interpreted.
According to the studies and researches, it is concluded that the main problems of the disabled person in Isfahan are related to the network of roads and urban furniture. Adapting the passages for all citizens, especially the sensory-motor disabilities, is a must for you. Problems and obstacles in the urban pedestrian access network and the lack of comfortable movement on the sidewalks, create problems for different people. In the urban environment, people with disabilities, as an important group, should be considered in all urban designs. The blind in the city of Isfahan suffer from the lack of connection between the blind conductor routes and the disabled have problems with not considering their needs in the urban space. Therefore, measures must be taken to increase the participation and presence of this city. In the following, suggestions are provided to improve the situation of this city of Isfahan for the movement of the disabled and the mentally handicapped.