نشریه حقوق روزنامه نگاری و ارتباطات
پیاپی 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

For years, there has been a need to draft a bill and then pass a new law in the Iranian press. The most important concerns of the country's press community about freedom of the press are the formation of a journalists' union, the closure of the media and the detention of journalists. At this point in time, good news about the drafting of a new press bill has caught the attention of journalists and journalists and the press community, but they hope that the bill will address more of their union problems and ban issues such as detaining journalists. Media as well as problems such as insurance and retirement of journalists to be eliminated. It remains to be seen to what extent the new bill seeks to address these concerns and how much job and psychological security is provided for them. In this article, we will address this issue in detail.

Today, societies face a series of natural and man-made crises in which the media plays an important role in covering news and events.As pioneers in the development of free communication in critical situations, journalists play an important role in protecting the public interest by publishing accurate and promising news. The aim of this study was to investigate the social responsibility of journalists in the public interest of society in times of crisis, which showed:Commitment to telling the truth, fidelity and adherence to the public interest, adherence to the principle of impartiality, correct analysis of political issues, honesty and confidentiality, helping to alleviate the inflamed atmosphere of society, and correct understanding, thinking power and analysis of the newspaper's special social responsibilities. In critical condition.

Media as effective actor in scope of international relations and active in society has effective role in different subjects.this role on international and domestic level is bvious.media is able in obserbing public opinions and states to different subjects for specify defects of society and attract international organizations and in facilitate human and humanitarian rights communication play important role.most important subject in international and national level that medias are engaged and have undeniable role is human rights.medias protection of human rights by development of these rights via cooperation in provide international role as international actor without domestic limitations and their role is obvious in creation of international documents and institutions for protection of human rights.medias have effective role in promotion of human values and creation of them via direct communication with public opinion and states.role of media is in promotion universal culture of protection of humanrighrs and development of knowledge.

On the one hand, journalists play a notable role in awareness-raising as to issues regarding human beings including human rights through informing the public about the events. On the other, in accordance with the UN definition, human rights defender (HRD) is anyone who promotes human rights. That role and this definition, links at least a part of journalists to the concept of HRDs; in such a way that it could be said that some journalists appear as HRDs by dealing with human rights issues and promotion of human rights. As a result, it could be claimed that such journalists, in addition to specialized protections provided for them in the international legal system and in particular under IHRL and IHL, are entitled to protections of the newly-founded regime for protection of HRDs. It appears that, cooperation and convergence of the international actors engaged in these two protection regimes, can improve the protections laid down for the two influential groups namely the journalists and HRDs and whereby lead to the development of human rights norms as the preserver of human dignity and dignified life. This article, that is a mixture of translation and research, through a descriptive-analytic method attempts to deal with the protections provided for the journalists as promoters and consequently defenders of human rights.

corona as an emerging disease in the global arena and spread its prevalence in the last few months, many corona people are victims of this disease, while there are no special laws to deal with this terrible phenomenon in our country, while there are currently no special laws to deal with this terrible phenomenon in our country. the main problem in dealing with this phenomenon is the lack of adequate response to the legislative In the system of iran. therefore, after studying this regard, the transfer ofcorona virus  virus and other deadly infectious diseases can constitute the material element of crimes against man, although it is noted that in the past, it cannot be held accountable. and because of the legal vacuum, it resulted in a clear and clear view that it could have desired results for the community and the protection of human rights, but by then the public law must be responsible for the disposal of this disease.

Efficiency of media policy for accountability in the Islamic Republic of Iran With the advancement of technology and the importance of the media for people to inform, learn and educate, legislation and policy-making is essential for it. This process is necessary because of its influence in political affairs, maximizing media opportunities and paying attention to the public interest. This necessity is due to the fact that media policy-making includes general norms and strategies that govern the macro-direction of the media in achieving the specific goals of the system. Media policy-making should have an observable result that can be used to assess whether the organization has been successful in policy-making. If you do not succeed, you should try to identify the problems and correct them. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of how effective media policy-making in the Islamic Republic has been in responding and what strategies should be prioritized to improve the situation. It should be noted that there are always limitations, obstacles and challenges in policy-making that cannot be corrected without recognizing them. On the other hand, because the media now plays an essential role in people's lives, and the main pillar of cultural development, the fourth pillar of democracy, is the main pillar of raising literacy and public trust, policy-making is necessary. This article defines the concept of media policy-making and policy-making in particular, the relationship between media policy-making and cultural policy-making, policy-making and public interest, freedom and equality, transparency and pluralism. Following this connection, the current situation in Iran will be examined.

With the advent of the digital phenomenon, countries saw an opportunity and provided conditions for their citizens to have better access to public data on a larger scale than in the past.Thus, a global trend towards the adoption of public data legislation, with the aim of protecting the right to access information, has emerged in the international community, and this has led to the emergence of new laws in the national and international arena. In this regard, France, as a democratic and law-abiding country, has taken positive steps due to the development of new technologies in the field of data, on the other hand, because France is a member of the European Union and the Council of Europe Global Covenants and Conventions (including the G8, OGP) have made significant progress in accessing public information and data.In recent years, it has also enacted the new Digital Republic 2016 Act, which has provided considerable measures for citizens to have better access to public data.

The Internet as a new and effective tool in the age of global communication and in line with the process of globalization and the gradual removal of borders and attention to fundamental human rights as the basis of relations has been very effective and successful in changing the subjects of international law. And has become an actor in the field of international relations. Today, the Internet should be mentioned as the main tool in the service of international organizations. The International Criminal Court (ICC) has been active on the Internet through its website and email, and on social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, which have been instrumental in achieving international criminal justice.Therefore, in order to achieve international criminal justice, it is necessary to protect victims and prosecute international criminals. Internet reports should be considered as evidence of international crimes. The parties turn. The court should be able to communicate with victims via the Internet to find out about situations, their grievances and to complete investigations. The Internet should be seen as an effective tool for publicly securing trials and tribunals, so that even through the Internet, trials can be broadcast live directly to the public.

One of the most important and valuable tools and factors among civilized nations interested in preserving life and survival is the author's pen. Because the pen is the source of nutrition and the origin of science, technology and arts, and plays an important role in the growth and excellence of the individual and society. In fact, it was the familiarity with pen and calligraphy that provided the path of progress and evolution for human beings and made it possible for future generations to record their contents, desires, thoughts and ideas. At the same time, the human pen was able to depict his life. From the Qur'an's point of view, the pen is a sign of human thinking and awareness, and God has sworn to honor it. Mentioning the pen and teaching and learning in the first surah of the Qur'an indicates the importance and role of the pen in human life and perfection.The purpose of this article is to study and explain the role of writing in the growth and development of human beings and to express the signs of service pen and betrayal pen from the perspective of Quran and Hadith by content analysis and library study.