نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال نوزدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 142، امرداد 1400)

Midwifery activity is one of the most essential cares in obstetrics and gynecology services, which plays an important role in improving maternal and neonatal health. With increasing global concern about the effects of childbirth and the importance of this process, any human error in this regard is non-negligible. Therefore, given the significant mortality and adverse effects, safe and effective delivery control is a critical issue.

This cross-sectional study was performed to identify and evaluate midwifery staff errors of Kowsar Hospital of Qazvin in 2018. There are various ways to identify, evaluate, and predict human errors. Among these, the SHERPA technique is one of the most common methods to detect these errors.

After hierarchical analysis, the main tasks were divided into 68 sub-tasks. Finally, 65 errors were identified for midwifery staff activities )57% action errors, 25% revision errors, 6% retrieval errors, 9% communication errors, and 3% selective errors). Therefore, the highest percentage was the action errors and the least was the selective errors.

Hospital authorities should pay more attention to action errors and prioritize these errors in patient safety. It is recommended that appropriate actions be taken to establish a culture of patient safety.

The issue of trauma in modern and industrial societies today is one of the most important issues and problems that have been considered in most countries. Because pre-hospital care is the first component of a trauma care system, doing it right can reduce the problems of long-term disability as well as deaths from trauma. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of training based on a modified team-based learning method on trauma patient management skills by Urmia emergency medical personnel in 2020.

The present study was a before and after clinical trial study in two groups during which 98 technicians of Urmia Emergency Center were selected by stratified random sampling method. Sample members were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, trauma patient management skills were taught by a modified team-based learning method. The tools used to collect information included two sections: demographic information and a trauma assessment skills checklist. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 17.

The results of analysis of variance test with repeated measures showed a significant difference between intervention and control groups in learning trauma patient management skills (p <0.001) which was determined by examining the effect of test repetition and the effect of interaction. The changes of the studied variable in TBL groups were significantly more than the control group (p <0.001).

The results of the current study showed that training based on a modified team-based learning method is effective and improves personnel readiness in this field.

Abortion is always overshadowed by different factors and influenced by psychological, social, and biological factors. Induced abortion rate in unwanted pregnancies is still high in Iran. Due to the fact that induced abortion has always been condemned and unauthorized in Islamic societies, the current study aims to investigate the relationship between the levels of religious beliefs on reducing induced abortion in unwanted pregnancy.

The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study about women visiting Health-Care Centers in Kazerun city during 2018-2019. The contributors were chosen among the women who had unwanted pregnancies. The selection of samples was done by available sampling method and data collection tool has been questionnaire including demographic information and have an induce abortion or not to have an abortion and asses religious beliefs. To assess religious beliefs, Glock and Stark's questionnaire was used. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized using the SPSS 22. For this purpose, mean and standard deviation (descriptive statistics) and Eta coefficient and independent T-test (inferential statistics) were used. For all tests the maximum error was 5%.

Based on the findings there was no significant difference between the two groups of women (have an intentional abortion or have no intentional abortion) in terms of demographic characteristics (p›0.05). The rate of unwanted pregnancies and the rate of time unwanted pregnancies in group 2 (have no abortion) were higher than group 1 (have an abortion).Religion Score in group 2 in different dimensions of religiosity and total religiosity is higher than group 1. The correlation between religious beliefs and having an intentional abortion or no intentional abortion was high. There was a significant difference between two groups in terms of religious belief (p ‹0.001).

Based on the results of this research, there is a strong correlation between women's religious beliefs and non-induced abortion in unwanted pregnancies. Despite providing the ground for prevention, training and awareness are critical for reducing the complications of unhealthy abortion. In this regard, it is necessary to provide training about the theoretical, practical, and religious principles.

Cognitive ability is an important criterion in selecting a nursing student, but unfortunately, this criterion is not considered among nursing applicants. There is a lack of clarity about the components which would signify appropriate cognitive abilities among nursing student candidates. This study was conducted to identify such components based on the experiences of clinical nurses and nursing instructors.

This qualitative research was conducted using conventional content analysis approach. Participants were 25 nurses and nursing instructors. They were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected in audio-recorded and transcribed semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using MAXQDA10 software.

Analysis revealed three main categories and seven subcategories: having a deep insight into challenging situations (Investigating the root causes of problems, the ability to analyze a situation), mind organizing (Conscious attention, Maintaining the mental focus, Time management and work prioritization), and speed of mental processing (Fast operation along with accuracy, Quick perception).

This study identified core components for future investigations into the cognitive ability of nursing applicants. Findings of this study can be used by nursing education institutions to develop their current methods to assess the cognitive ability of nursing applicants in the student selection process.

Leadership style is very important in hospital management and in increasing the effectiveness and quality of health care services, and moral courage is an essential component in the behavior of nurses and it has an important effect on the quality of care provided by them, which is affected by various factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between head nurses' leadership style and nurses' moral courage.

In this correlational study performed in 2020, the research population consisted of all the nurses in educational-treatment centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (n=300) that were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools were the standard Bus and Olivier Leadership Multi-Factor Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Professional Moral Courage Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.19 software using descriptive and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation, and linear regression tests.

According to Pearson correlation results, ideal characteristics (r = 0.45), ideal behaviors (r=0.44), and exception-based management (active) (r = 0.44) had positive and moderate correlation with moral courage. The components of inspirational motivation, subjective persuasion, individual considerations, conditional reward, and exception-based (passive) management had a weak correlation with moral courage. The variables of ideal characteristics, exception-based (active) management, ideal behaviors, and inspirational motivation predicted 27 % of variance in nurses' moral courage. 

Based on the results, there is a significant relationship between head nurses' leadership style and nurses' moral courage, and choosing the right leadership styles and improving the leadership skills of head nurses can help promote nurses' moral courage and thus improve the quality of nursing care.

The aging of the vagina and its associated symptoms after menopause are one of the most common complications in postmenopausal women. Considering the changes in the life of postmenopausal women after experiencing the vaginal problems was the main objective of this study. Due to the lack of studies in this particular area, the researchers conducted a study with the aim of explaining the changes in the natural course of life in postmenopausal women who face vaginal aging symptoms.

This research is a qualitative study with a content analysis approach that took place in 2019. The research participants were selected from Ramsar, Tonekabon, Langroud, and Rasht. Participants in the study were 34 postmenopausal women who have inclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Conventional content analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection. Four-dimension criteria (Lincoln & Guba) were used to evaluate the rigor of the findings.

Data analysis led to the identification of the three themes "changes in the daily activities", "reduction of psychological well-being", and "facing sexual problems".

The experience of postmenopausal women in this study indicates the widespread role of vaginal disorders in the various areas of life, which requires specific attention of health system. Consequently, monitoring and supporting them to adapt to natural changes should be considered during the planning phase.

Trauma as one of the most important problems throughout the world is accompanied by high mortality. Every year, a large number of people die as a result of trauma. Pre-hospital emergency personnel are the first caregivers to arrive at the bedside of a trauma victim, and their ability to care for the injured is crucial in saving the lives of many injured. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pre‐hospital trauma life support (PHTLS) course on knowledge and skill of emergency medical personnel.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in 2018 with the participation of 520 pre-hospital emergency personnel from the East Azerbaijan, Tabriz, Iran. The knowledge and skills of the staff were assessed before and after the course through the objective structured clinical training stations. The data collection tools included a knowledge questionnaire and a basic skills checklist for trauma care, both of which are global standard tools in this field. In the present study, the validity of these instruments has been confirmed by experts in the field of trauma and their reliability was calculated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85 and 0.79, respectively. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 19 software.

The findings of this study showed that the knowledge and skills of the participants before and after the training course were statistically significant (p <0.05). The mean difference and standard deviation of the knowledge and skills scores before and after the course were 11.38 ± 19.46 and 12.60±22.23, respectively. The highest increase in the skills of the participants was in the secondary evaluation of patients with mean difference and standard deviation of 30.47 ± 10.82 (p= 0.03).

Training courses in trauma patient care with new methods, such as objective structured clinical training stations, are effective in increasing the knowledge and skills of pre-hospital emergency personnel.

Nursing managers have a significant and important role in the delivery of health services. It is essential to educate and develop these managers. The purpose of this study was to determine and prioritize the educational needs of nursing managers in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. All the nursing managers employed in governmental hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were studied. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software.

The results of this study on the demographic findings of nursing managers in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences showed that most of the subjects had a more than 25 years of service experience in nursing education. The priority of the needs of nursing managers was the safety and control of infection (with the mean of 2.49), followed by the domain of communication, ethics, and professional rules (with the mean of 2.48) and the lowest priority was related to the average education (2.16).

Regarding the important role of nursing managers in hospitals and the necessity of continuing education and their impact on their job skills, educational planning should be based on educational needs. Based on the results, accurate and realistic planning could be done in the field of training nursing managers.