نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 155 (مهر و آبان 1400)

Studies have shown that anxiety and depression appear before memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease and controlling these dysfunctions may prevent the onset and progression of memory deficit. Morin is a natural flavonol that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of morin on anxiety and depression behaviors induced by amyloid-beta peptide in rats.

Forty male Wistar rats were divided into control, morin, amyloid-beta, and amyloid-beta-morin groups. Amyloid-beta 1-42 was injected into the hippocampus (4 micrograms on each side) and morin (20 mg/kg) was treated by gavage for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the period,  elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming tests were used to evaluate anxiety and depressive behaviors, respectively.

Intrahippocampal injection of amyloid-beta significantly reduced the percentage of entry into the open arm and the percentage of time remaining in the open arm in the EPM (P < 0.001). Also, the total immobility time of these animals in the forced swimming test was significantly increased (P < 0.001). Morin largely prevented these changes in amyloid-beta injected rats.

Morin prevents anxiety behaviors and depression in Alzheimer's disease model rats and may have neuroprotective effects against amyloid-beta.

Nervous tissue apoptosis, especially of the hippocampus, has been identified as a potential contributor to neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and evidence suggests that exercise affects various aspects of nervous cell activity and may prevent the death of neurons cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight-week of resistance training on BAX and BCL2 in hippocampal tissue in male rats.

For this aim, 16 male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups of eight (resistance training  and control) and resistance training group exercised for 8 weeks and 3 days per weeks with eight frequency and 2 minutes rest between them with resistance ladder with 1 meter length and 85 degree angle. Sandwich Elisa method was used to measure BCL2 and BAX concentrations and U Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used to test the hypotheses.

There was significant difference in BCL2 and BAX of hippocampus tissue in compared to control group, so that eight week resistance training causes significant increase in BCL2 level in resistance exercise group as compared to control group. Also eight week resistance training causes significant decrease in BAX level of resistance exercise group as compared to control group. Furthermore, eight week resistance training cause significant decrease in BAX/BCL2 ratio in resistance groups as compared to control group (p<0.05).

The results of this study showed eight-week resistance training causes significant increase in BCL2 and significant decrease in BAX and BAX/BCL2 ratio. Thus, it can cause decrease hippocampus tissue apoptosis in male rats.

The composition of the oral and pharyngeal microbial flora of patients admitted to the intensive care unit within 48 hours after admission easily changes from gram-positive streptococci to dominant gram-negative pathogens and this can increase the incidence of infection and death of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of salvadora presica (Miswak) against chlorhexidine on Gram-negative oral bacteria.

In this clinical trial study, patients were selected by available sampling and divided into two groups by simple random sampling. Patients in the intervention group received oral care with a Miswak and the control group received chlorhexidine mouthwash. Colony status of Gram-negative bacteria in patients' mouths before the intervention and finally on the fifth day of the study were evaluated by sampling oral secretions and the obtained information were compared using Fisher's exact test.

The mean and standard deviation of age were 34.2±13.6 years which did not differ significantly (P=0.72). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding gender (P=0.28). As the main target, no significant difference was observed between the two groups before treatment (P=0.16). However, after treatment the two groups had a statistically significant difference in the Gram-negative bacteria colonies (P<0.0001).

Salvadora presica (Miswak) had more effect on oral bacteria than chlorhexidine.

Time is of the essence to save the life of a person with cardiopulmonary arrest. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training using mannequin training and educational video on the awareness of control university staff..

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 on 60 employees of Shahed University. Training in two groups of 30 people was done through videos and mannequins. To assess the knowledge of participants, a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity and reliability were measured before, was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, independent t-test and paired t-test in SPSS v 18 software.

The mean score of knowledge before and after training in the educational film group was 48.02±17.55 and 57.48±9.10, respectively. The mean score of knowledge before and after training in the mannequin group was 46.24±18.11 and 66.03±13.03, respectively. According to the results of paired t-test, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of knowledge before and after training in the study population in both groups. Also, comparing the mean score of knowledge after training between the two groups of educational videos and mannequins showed a statistically significant difference.

The result showed that both mannequin training and video training can increase staff awareness of CPR and practical training through mannequins is more effective.

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is one of the most significant complication of diabetes. Heat Shock Protein 72 (HSP72) and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) are regarded as biomarkers for renoprotective strategies. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) may have beneficial effect on diabetes management. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of HIIT on kidney expression of HSP72 and TGF-β in type-II diabetic (T2D) rats.

21 rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: control (Con), diabetic (Dibt), diabetic HIIT (Dibt-HIIT). Nicotinamide and streptozotocin were used intraperitoneally for diabetes induction. The Dibt-HIIT received four-week HIIT training. 24 hours following the last training session, all animals were anesthetized. Blood samples were collected for measuring the glucose, insulin, creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations. The left kidney was removed and homogenized for measuring of HSP72 and TGF-βgene expression (through Real-Time PCR).

Diabetes significantly increased gene expression of TGF-β and suppressed HSP-72 gene expression. Compared to Dibt group, HIIT decreased plasma glucose level but these changes were not significant. However, HIIT improved HOMA-IR (p=0.03). Creatinine change was not significant but Uric acid decreased in Dibt-HIIT group significantly (p=0.02).  Also, HIIT reduced kidney expression of TGF-β and increased HSP72 expression in Dibt-HIIT group (p=0.001).

Our findings indicated that HIIT, as a non-pharmacologic approach, may have protective effect on kidney of rats with T2D.

Exercise has many effects on human health, one of which is to help angiogenesis and prevent cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three training methods Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training (MIT), High Intensity Training (HIT) and High-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression of HGF and PlGF genes, which are important factors involved in angiogenesis.

In this study, 32 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 300 grams were randomly divided into four groups including control, MIT, HIT and HIIT (n=8) and underwent exercise for an eight-week period. 48 hours after the last training session, samples were taken from adipose tissue of rat and the expression of HGF and PlGF genes in them was determined using Real time PCR. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS and Kruskal-Wallis and Hodges-Holmes tests software.

The results showed that all three training methods MIT, HIT and HIIT increase the expression of HGF and PlGF genes (P <0.05). However, there is no significant difference between the three exercise methods (P> 0.05).

MIT, HIT and HIIT exercises have favorable effects in increasing the expression of HGF and PlGF genes.

Myostatin and follistatin proteins are key proteins in the regulation of muscle tissue. Sarcopenia can lead to disruption of cellular mechanisms and the activity of these proteins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on muscle tissue content of myostatin and follistatin proteins in elderly rats.

In this experimental study, twelve female 20-month-old Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 250±30 g were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: HIIT (n=6) and control (n=6). The HIIT program was performed 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The training protocol was 85-90% VO2max for high intensity intervals and 45-50% VO2max for low intensity intervals. Proteins content was measured by Western blotting laboratory method. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze the data.

After eight weeks of HIIT, there was no significant change in myostatin protein content in the training and control groups (P=0.49). In contrast, follistatin protein content (P=0.01) showed a significant difference (Increase).

Considering that eight weeks of HIIT could not significantly change the protein content of myostatin, but it increased the protein content of follistatin which could lead to muscle hypertrophy in elderly rats. However, HIIT as an exercise intervention for the elderly is still unknown and a lot of research on the types, duration, intensity, repetition and recovery time of HIIT is required.

Melatonin plays an important role in rhythmic processes that decreases its secretion due to aging. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight-week of interval training on plasma levels of melatonin in inactive elderly men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 20 inactive elderly men were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. For evaluation of the effect of aging on melatonin levels, 10 inactive young men were selected by purposive sampling. The training protocol consisted of eight weeks of interval training with an intensity of 50% reserve heart rate (activity period) and 30% reserve heart rate (rest period). Plasma melatonin levels were measured by ELISA method in pre and post test. To compare the pre-test of the three groups the ANOVA test was used and to compare the post-test of the two groups of training elderly and control elderly the analysis of covariance at a significance level of 0.05 was used.

The results showed that aging leads to a significant reduction in plasma melatonin levels (p<0.05). There was a significant inverse relationship between age and melatonin levels (r=-0.824 and p=0.001). Also, eight weeks of interval training significantly increased melatonin levels in older men in the training group (p<0.05).

Physical activities especially interval training with increasing the melatonin levels, can reduce or slow down the changes caused by decreased melatonin secretion and related changes in the body systems in old age.