فصلنامه مطالعات جامعه شناختی شهری
پیاپی 39 (تابستان 1400)

A slum is a physical space that, with respect to multiple dimensions, is  at a lower level than the average urban regions of the city. Slum-dwelling has created many problems for the country because it causes a spatial imbalance in the distribution of population. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer these basic questions: What factors affect slum-dwelling and what are the consequences of it? In order to answer these questions and also to design a model of factors affecting slum-dwelling in Iran during the years 2009-2010, the meta-combined approach has been used, which is a type of qualitative research method and in which the integration of various studies is used to create comprehensive findings. In the present study, the seven-step method of Barroso and Sandlowski has been used and out of 100 articles that were evaluated, 20 articles were chosen for final review. The results showed that the influencing factors were generally divided into two groups of structural factors and non-structural factors, and its consequences and harms can be cultural-social, physical, economic, health and environmental damage, political and psychological damages.

The aim of this study was to do a sociological study of the formation of dramatic collective behaviors in the context of people's lived experience of corona virus. The main question was how the corona virus can affect the formation of collective behaviors? And how does the lived experience of people with the coronavirus create dramatic (terrified) communities? In addition to physical symptoms, patients have various social and psychological reactions that can act as an obstacle in the process of disease progression and increase their suffering during the disease.  The research population consisted of the rezidents of Kermanshah city and 20 of them were chosen through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The research findings were analyzed using Max qda software. Four main themes emerged from data analysis: growth of negative emotions, confusion and pessimism, growth of obsessive-compulsive disorder around the body and washing, mental worries about endangering family health, economic worries and fear of getting rid of the corona. It was concluded that rezidents' experiences of living in home quarantine were very unique due to the outbreak of Corona virus. Therefore, understanding their complexities, experiences, beliefs, and attitudes about living in home quarantine can lead to a comprehensive understanding of the psychological consequences of staying in home quarantine for executive decision makers, health care personnel, and mental health professionals. Put.

Fear is one of the most familiar issues that every person instinctively experiences in many ways from birth to death. The purpose of this study was to study fear of crime in public spaces from the perspectives of women in the city of Babol in 1398. This research was conducted using a survey method and a uestionnaire. The research population consisted of women aged 18 to 60 living in Babol of which,  using Cochran's formula, 350 people were selected as the sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. To analyze the research data, correlation coefficient tests with spss24 software and confirmatory factor analysis of the second stage with Amos25 software were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method, based on which the coefficient of research variables and its dimensions was more than 0.7. In this study, by using inferential statistics, the relationship between  the variables social distance, the use of mass media, informal control, disorder and  fear of crime were examined and the relationships were significant.

Social indifference is a situation in which individuals avoid social-political participation, social responsibility, altruistic activities, and active and civic engagement in social issues by ignoring the facts surrounding them. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social networks and social indifference. The variables included social networks (amount and variety of use), altruistic attitude and behavior, civic attitude and behavior and social indifference. The research population consisted of the residents of regions 1 and 2 of Tehran, who were selected as the sample using cluster sampling. In the theoretical framework of the research, optimistic, pessimistic and moderate views and theories of theorists such as Marx, Weber and Merton were used to explain the relationship between social indifference and social networks. The results showed that the rate of indifference is moderate to high. The variables altruistic attitude, altruistic behavior, civic attitude, civic behavior, diversity of use of social networks, the rate of use of social networks, contextual variables (age, gender, socio-economic status), social solidarity were significantly correlated with indifference. Among these, social solidarity as an intermediary variable was the most important in explaining social indifference.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social capital, social support, and the use of the Internet on women's empowerment, considering the mediating role of social health. In this descriptive survey study, the research population consisted of 4000 women working in the Red Crescent organization  of Tehran province of which, using Cochran's formula, 384 individuals were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. Keyes social welfare (2004) questoinnaire, Sherborne and Stewart (1991) Social Support scale, Hauf and Hobesman’s social capital questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire measuring Internet use and women's empowerment were used. The results showed that social capital, social support, and the use of the Internet have a direct impact on the empowerment of working women. Social health also mediates the relationship between social capital and the empowerment of working women and mediates the relationship between Internet use and the empowerment of working women. According to the findings, it seems that paying attention to the components of social capital; social support and the use of the Internet and cyberspace have provided the basis for the empowerment of working women, however, the key role of women's social health should not be overlooked in this process. Therefore, with the special attention of managers to strengthening organizational trust and women's participation in decision-making, providing conditions for good communication, education and promotion of women's media literacy, the level of social health will increase proportionately and this can improve women's empowerment.

In today's dense world where digital identities react instantly to each other; the idea of ​​globalization and development can be good criteria for examining the extent of globalization and people's understanding of the changing global ecosystem, which has led to the crystallization of reflexivity and the formation of new actors in the cultural and social structure. Thus, harmony, empathy, and a desire for interaction and participation in a multicultural world and a multifaceted view make it possible for the individual and society to avoid tyranny and a sense of hostile competition and extreme capitalist dogmatism. This research aims to achieve the role of globalization in the cultural development of Arak city using the theories of Ronald Robertson and Manuel Castells and using mixed research methods. In the qualitative part, the Delphi technique was used and then a survey method for the quantitative one. A questionnaire containing 26 items was used by a quota  sampling method and the results were analyzed using SPSS v22 software. The results of Pearson test with 99% confidence and error level less than 1% showed that there is a significant relationship between two important variables. This study showed that in the industrial metropolis of Arak, variables such as cultural pluralism, global reflexivity, and universality are in a better position than cultural harmony, economic wellbeing, and cultural innovation, and that of space and place in the dynamic currents of society and the city.

This research aimed to address the conceptualization of multiplicity of identities in the city of Tehran. A qualitative research method was utilized and the interview technique was used to collect needed data. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with residents of different neighborhoods of Tehran (including: Niavaran, West, Velenjak, Chitgar, Rey, and Sayyere St.). It should be noted that by completing 30 interviews, the so-called  theoretical saturation was reached. The method of encoding interviews was inductive and in the form of three types of open, axial and selective coding based on the coding logic of Strauss and Corbin, Which has led to the drawing of a paradigm pattern of identity in the city of Tehran. The overall result of this study was that changes in urban space have caused changes in the relationships of individuals with each other and in the environment, which leads to the duality of the emergence of traditional and modern identities in the behavior of residents of neighborhoods.