نشریه زیست بوم نوآوری
پیاپی 2 (تابستان 1400)

Science and technology parks mainly deal with knowledge-based and problem-solving activities for all stakeholders seeking specific services to solve their problems. This unique nature of the parks' activities, in addition to the uncertainty in the performance and results of working with knowledge-based companies, has led to the complexity of their performance appraisal process. Due to the importance of the issue of parks performance evaluation, this study was conducted to investigate the possibility of evaluating the performance of science and technology parks using the Organizational Excellence Model. For this purpose, the standard questionnaire of the European Foundation for Quality Management model was provided to the managers and experts of one of the First level parks and the data were analyzed using the one sample z statistical method. The results of the analysis showed that this model can well illustrate the functional gaps in the field of enablers and the results in the park. In all criteria the mean obtained from the evaluation is significantly different from the predicted mean. Statistical analysis showed that these differences can not be considered random and it must be accepted that the evaluation criteria show a real difference between current performance and optimal performance. Therefore, the park needs relatively significant improvements in all areas of enablers and results.

In order to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth and development and competition in the global arena, Iran needs an economic transformation from a source-oriented economy to a knowledge-based economy. Among these, knowledge-based companies are considered as developing and creating such a transformation. Therefore, in Iran, knowledge-based companies have recently become the focus of the country's officials. But a very important point in this is the lack of equal distribution of knowledge-based companies in different regions of the country. In this paper, to investigate the inequality of spatial distribution of technology units and knowledge-based companies and technology concentration coefficient in Iranian provinces, evaluation of the level of activity of knowledge-based companies in science and technology parks as an institutional reference for the development of this ecosystem Is presented. For this purpose, inequality coefficient measurement indicators have been used. The results of this study confirm that among the 30 provinces studied, the highest number of technology and research and development units located in the multi-tenant and land sector is 226 and the highest number of knowledge-based companies (start-ups, manufacturing and industrial) is 88 and related to Sheikh Baha'i Science and Technology Park has been in Isfahan province. The highest total sales of technology units were related to the Science and Technology Park of Tehran Campus. According to the study of inequality indicators such as Gini coefficient, Tile index, Atkinson, Dalton and Herfindahl, the findings indicate a high regional inequality coefficient in the country.

Entrepreneurial alertness as a valuable mental structure in the field of creativity as a basis for identifying opportunities and exploiting situations plays a key role in entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of the dimensions of entrepreneurial alertness and its relationship with entrepreneurial intention among students of Sistan and Baluchestan University. For this purpose, after identifying the conceptual model of research and statistical population and statistical sample, information of research variables was collected in the form of a questionnaire and Likert scale and the relationships between variables were explained using structural equation analysis and partial least squares method. The results showed that entrepreneurial alertness has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Three components, " Association and connection", "evaluation and judgment" and " Scanning and search" are also approved as factors for entrepreneurial awareness. By examining the results of the role of control variables on entrepreneurship alertness and intention, the only variable of education entrepreneurship courses is effective on entrepreneurial intention.

The main purpose of this article is to assess and prioritize the regional competitiveness coefficient in Iran based on the components of knowledge economy. In general competitiveness is a key criterion for assessing the degree of success of regions in the field of political economic and commercial competition. This means that any country region or enterprise that has a high level of competitiveness in competitive markets can be said to have a higher level of competitiveness. Competitiveness arises from a combination of assets and processes. Assets are either gifted (such as natural resources) or man-made (such as infrastructure) and the processes that turn assets into the economic benefits of selling to customers ultimately creating competitiveness. This study is intended to investigate the impact of knowledge-based economy on regional competitiveness in Iran. In this research we study the regional competitiveness in the country's science and technology parks in 2016 related to the variables of the science and technology park using the Herfindal method. The results confirm that the variables of production inventions number of knowledge-based companies have a positive role in regional competitiveness.

The present paper aims to identify the input response of firms to the risks of demand uncertainty concerning the levels of technology. In this paper we examine panel data from1995 to 2018 and analyze the behavior of the manufacturing operating in the industry sector of the country from the prospect of risk taking and risk aversion and, its impact on the two inputs of labor and capital. To do this, the industries of Iran based on two-digit ISIC codes are divided into three categories of Low-level Technology (LLT), Moderate Level Technology (MLT) and High-level Technology (HLT) with respect to the level of technology. Research results show that low-tech industries that include food industries, textiles, garments, wood products, paper production, and paper products represent a significant and positive response to the risk of demand uncertainty and are risky. As a result, the ratio of increased capital to labor is higher and the industry is also expensive. But the situation is different for the other industries with a moderate to low technology and moderate to high technology. MLT industries and HLT industries show a negative and significant reaction to the risk of uncertainty and in fact, they are risk-averse, and the uncertainty of demand is higher and the ratio of the use of capital to labor is lower.

Economic growth is considered as a benchmark for measuring the economic situation of a society. Knowledge-based companies and start-ups provide a platform for creating value-added economics from the technology and innovation channel. Many developing countries like Iran are striving for sustainable and sustainable economic growth; Because achieving high economic growth rate is one of the most important goals of any economic system, which means that planners, economic theorists and policy makers are seeking to understand more and more the factors affecting economic growth for proper planning. The national level is the achievement of favorable economic growth and ultimately increase social welfare and reduce poverty and unemployment. Hence, moving from a resource-centered economy to a knowledge-based economy requires the strengthening of start-up foundations and the design of entrepreneurship-based entrepreneurship based on innovation and technology. In this thesis, an assessment of the level of activity of knowledge-based companies in the science and technology parks as the institutional reference point for the development of this ecosystem has been presented to study the impact of knowledge-based ecosystem on regional economic growth. To this end, the least squares econometric method (LSDV) was used for the period 2014-2015. The results indicate a positive and significant impact of the number of knowledge-based companies and companies' sales on regional economic growth. Among the 30 provinces, the rate of sales of technology units in the provinces of East Azerbaijan, Bushehr, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari, Semnan, Sistan and Baluchestan and Kermanshah has had a positive and significant impact on the local economy and regional added value. Therefore, according to research findings, it can be concluded that strengthening the technology infrastructure and development of R & D and designing ecosystems based on innovative IP clusters can be a good way to boost local value added and economic growth. Provided in Iran.