Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:10 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

The equally uncharacterized nature of government role in Sub Saharan African (SSA) region on the issue of poverty reduction have surged the modest research of this study. The issue on poverty is a continuous cause and need remedies so much and fast. This study examined the effect of fiscal policy on poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1999 to 2016. Pool Mean Group (PMG) was employed to estimate the dynamic cause effect in SSA countries. Conversely with the study, it was estimated that PMG yielded a robust results as the adjusted period is dynamically stable. The projected adjusted period of disequilibrium gives 39% recovery period from disequilibrium problem. The out of pocket expenditure is negatively significance to poverty reduction among the selected SSA countries. The tax revenue is positive but insignificant to poverty reduction in SSA. The short run effect shows that while out of pocket expenditure posits positive and significant effect on poverty reduction, tax revenue is positive but insignificant to drive poverty reduction. The cross sectional short run estimate shows that all countries long run adjusted models are dynamically stables except in Ghana. However, the adjustment coefficient of Nigeria tends to adjust fast than any countries follow by Zambia, Angola, Ivory Coast and Botswana respectively. This study concludes that fiscal policy does not have poverty reduction relations in the region. It is therefore recommended that appropriate mechanism to ensure tax restructuring and monitoring from the region should be the utmost concerns of the policy maker.

The aim of this study is to investigate the reaction of the economic growth of developing countries against the shocks caused by financial development and the accumulation of human capital in 2019. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of data collection method and post-event approach (through past information) and descriptive-correlation research type is used. The statistical population of the study includes all the countries of the Middle East, of which 14 countries are considered as the sample size using the target-oriented sampling method among the countries of the Middle East during the period 2010-2013. In this study, to collect data and information, the library method is used based on published documents and reports. In the research data section, by collecting the data of the sample companies, it is done by referring to the financial statements, explanatory notes and the monthly stock exchange monthly. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used to describe and summarize the collected data. In order to analyze the data, first the variance inequality pre-tests, F-Limer test, Hassmann test and Jarque–Bera test and then multivariate regression test are used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (Eviews software). The research results show that financial development, human capital development, inflation, economic openness and foreign direct investment have an impact on the economic growth of selected countries, but the impact of government spending on economic growth of selected countries is not confirmed.

The efforts were made in the present study to seek two objectives determining the effect of Telegram as a social network on second language achievement of Iranian foreign language (EFL) learners, and exploring the EFL learner’ attitude toward using Telegram for language learning purposes. To this end, 40 EFL learners were randomly selected and then divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group did their exercises through Telegram as a collective language learning activity at home, while members of the control group did the exercises in their individualistic specific ways. After the treatment, the results of Independent-Samples t-test showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group. The results of interview indicated that EFL learners mostly had never used any kind of social media in a collective manner for language learning. The findings of this study might have some implications for teachers to help them employ social media as an educational tool, for language learners to indicate the advantages of using social media for language learning, and for material developers to design activities in textbooks which need to be done through social media in a collective manner.

Mirza Melkum Khan Nezim al-Dowleh, the son of Mirza Ya'qub, was born in Isfahan in 1871. He is one of the most prominent intellectuals in the Qajar era. According to Ismail Raein, the author of book Freemasonry (House of Forgetfulness), Mirza Melkum Khan has complex and controversial personality, or in better words his personality is sum of opposites and entitled as a man with thousand faces. He was a politician, thinker, writer and journalist, and leading advocate of modernity in Iran at the era of Qajar. He believes in pure adoption with Western civilization and also calling for giving privileges to foreign countries. Besides presenting himself as one of strict adherents of royal government, he really believes in the idea of ​​liberation and the rule of law. His first major political experience was the mission of Paris which, after returning to Iran established Freemasonry (House of Forgetfulness). His involvement in awarding Scott Reuter and his scandal in the Lottery Prize eventuated to the despoiling of his relationship with Nasser-al-Din Shah and also through establishing of the London Law Newspaper, began his struggle to restrict the power of the monarchy. In this research, the writer attempts to answer this question, why Mirza Malkum Khan wanted to restrict the power of the king through the constitutional movement?

Present research is intended to make a sociological study of social ethics in the Iranian society with a focus on the structures; the theoretical model of which analysis is based on the theories of Parsons, Homans and Goffman. This study is a qualitative research based on content analysis of the responses given by 35 citizens of Tehran to the semi-structured interview questions. Results of this research indicate that social structures within economic, political, social and cultural subsystem affect on social moral values. Research data in this survey reveals that 85 percent of the participants believe that moral values are currently declining, while 71 percent consider that social ethics in our today’s society center on profitability and still 57 percent of the participants refer to prevalence of aggressive behavior among people which has taken a growing trend due to adoption of inappropriate policies and institutionalized corruption. In addition, 42 percent of the participants touch on the weakness of professional code of conduct at all levels of the society and the other 28 percent have considered moral standing in the Iranian society to be tantamount to a the society without identity.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the impact of social networks on political socialization and political participation of political science students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran south branch during 2007-2017. This article is a descriptive-survey research based on the theory of planned behavior and has been done based on random sampling with a population of 280 samples. The findings indicate that 93% of students use social media and spend a significant part of their study hours on social networks, which mainly include Telegram, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. The variables related to social networks affect the socialization and political participation of students, and the extent of the impact of social networks on encouraging individuals to participate in the election as a component of political socialization is positive and significant. This finding and other findings are a positive and significant impact of social networks on the attitudes, values and norms, attitudes and behaviors of political science students as a sample population, and thus the hypothesis of this research has been confirmed.

The present research was conducted with the aim to represent a theoretical Framework and a paradigmatic model of villager's Perception and interpretation of causes of change in life style of rural people living in rural regions of  Khalkhal during last four decades, using a Mixed Method composed of a qualitative approach (grounded theory) and quantitative approach (Survey research). First a theory was underpinned with a qualitative approach and explorative technique and then with the help of paradigmatic model, some hypotheses were set and tested employing quantitative technique (survey) with empirical data. In the qualitative part, the statistical population consisted of 22 individuals (n=22) of villagers above 18 years old who were interviewed through theoretical sampling. Three-stage coding technique was used in order to analyze data. In the quantitative part, 380 individuals were selected as statistical population using Cochran's Formula. The results from findings showed that from the viewpoint of villagers factors such as establishment of industry and modern technology in villages, promotion of mass media usage, interaction with city dwellers, expansion of tourism, the degree of religiosity of villagers, and socio-economic status of villagers have been factors affecting on the life style and consumption culture of villagers living in Khalkhal region during last four decades.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness Intervention on increasing the self-efficacy of neurological overeatingin Tehran.

  This research is a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was outpatient outpatients with neurological overload referred to two nutrition clinics in Tehran during 1397. The final sample size of this study was 30 neurological overeatingsubjects who were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control (n = 15). The Mindfulness Therapy Package was implemented in the form of 8 weekly 90-minute sessions on the development group. The research tool was the general self-efficacy scale of Sherer et al. (1982). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis.

The results showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. And mindfulness therapy did not affect the self-efficacy of patients with neurological overeating. Discussion and

It is suggested that psychologists and counselors use the results in causative and behavioral and psychological problems of patients with neurological overeating.