Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:13 Issue: 4, Autumn 2023

Criminal activities, as they are progressively increasing, have become social problems of which many researchers have attempted to identify the forms; causative factors, effects on perpetuators, victims and the society at large. High incidences of crime place a lot of weight on the society at large. The study of crime in Nigeria has gone through tremendous changes in both quantitative and subjective terms lately. This study aimed at examining the influence of family factors on crime by the offenders incarcerated in South-West Nigeria. A total of 539 convicts participated in the study with data obtained using structured questionnaire and in-depth interview. The quantitative analysis was carried out using the linear regression, while the qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis. Socio-demographic backgrounds of the convicted offenders at correctional facilities had majority of the respondents with mean age of 40 years, with 70.7% being less than or equal to 40 years as at the time of arrest, 94.1% having been involved in crime at ages older than seventeen years, 74.8% of the respondents were had never been married, and 36.2% of the respondents had more than 3 siblings. The study concludes that family factors of age at onset of crime and marital status can affect the tendency engage in criminality.

Emotional divorce means emotional separation and love between the couple, and the relationship between the couple is severed mentally, physically, mentally and even verbally with each other and their life goes cold and complete blackout. The aim of this study was to compare the Effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitivization and Reprosessing Therapy and Imago Therapy Approaches in Social adequacy, Altruism, Difficulty in Regulating Emotion and Failure of every day in People Involved in Emotional Divorce. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and 3-month follow-up. The statistical population was people involved in emotional divorce who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2019. 45 people were selected by purposive sampling, and randomly divided into three groups of 15 people. Each treatment was presented for 11 sessions of 90 minutes per week and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data collection tools, Demographic Information Sheet, Guttman (1997) Emotional Divorce Scale, Felner's Social Adequacy inventory (1990) and Ahmadi's Altruistic Behavior inventory (2008) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) Graz and Roemer (2004) was the "Daily Failure Memory” (MFE) inventory. In order to analyze the hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test with repeated measures were used. The results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 26. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in the pretest. But in post-test and follow-up, there was a significant difference between the mean sensitivity to Social adequacy, Altruism, Difficulty in Regulating Emotion and Failure of every day in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy and imago therapy with the mean of the control group at the level of p <0.01. Imago therapy approach in Altruism variable was more effective than all variables in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy approach. The results were stable at the follow-up stage. The findings showed that the use of treatments in this study can be used in planning preventive interventions to promote and improve mental health and emotional relationships in people involved in emotional divorce.

The present study aims to investigate the role of social networks in raising awareness in women in regard to social issues. The magnitude of internet usage, as well as registering on social networks platforms via cellphones, has seen a significant rise in recent years. Despite the widespread nature of social networks in society, the presence of women on such platforms and its effect on their lives is of considerable sociological importance. In addition to a review of the public climate of the matter and some of the theories regarding the relationship between women and communication technology, the present study chiefly focuses on critical theories on the subject and attempts to study how women have encountered handled social networks. The research method employed here is survey, and the statistical population consisted of all female residents of the city of Tehran. The sample size is comprised of 458 persons who were selected through a multi-stage sampling method. Factors whose role in women's political awareness was evaluated consisted of: the family's social and economic status, membership and active presence on social networks platforms, education, ethnicity, and age groups. The findings reveal that social networks lead to an increase in women's level of social communication and information, as well as a relative increase in their participation and awareness regarding various issues, including political, social, cultural, and educational. The author believes that the existence of such structures as a patriarchal build of society, lack of sufficient skill, lack of a feeling of safety on social networks, illiteracy, and the lack of sufficient skill among women challenges overly optimistic theories regarding the empowerment and encouragement of women's presence on social networks to some extent, at least concerning the issues investigated in the present study.

"The present research has been carried out with the aim of the cultural-environmental role of cultural centers in sustainable development in the city of Tehran. This research, in terms of its goal type, is developmental and strategic, and in terms of data collection method, it is considered exploratory. The method used in this research is based on foundational data theory. The purposive sampling method and the participation of 15 officials from cultural centers and deputy planners of cultural centers in Tehran city, as well as experts in the field of sustainable development, have been employed. Approximately 987 codes were identified after coding, and among them, the main concept became apparent. The emerging paradigm, in the aspect of causal conditions, includes green human resources, green infrastructure, green performance assessment, and green economy. In the dimension of action-interaction (creating a platform to attract elites, establishing a content committee and think tank, professionalizing and empowering human resources, expanding associations and civil institutions, strengthening and promoting green cultural behaviors in line with indigenous values, cultural planning with a sustainable development approach, long-term goal setting, aligning cultural center organizational goals with audience needs, equipping cultural center infrastructure for sustainable development, optimal energy consumption and waste management, entrepreneurship and marketing in the production of green products) and in the aspect of consequences (citizenry formation with a sustainable development approach, enhancing environmental adaptability, changing the intellectual paradigm of cultural managers, utilizing internal cultural center architecture in organizing events and training courses, optimal resource utilization with a green economy approach, creating a shared workspace, entrepreneurship in the production of indigenous products with a green economy approach, complementing organizational cultural activities, enhancing the scientific and professional level and motivation of employees, strengthening social relationships based on sustainable development, building trust among employees and audiences, enhancing the participation of young and cultural elites, enhancing the commitment and responsibility of officials, employees, and audiences, and increasing social belonging and commitment). These have been formed around the core paradigm of "Participatory Green Cultural Center and the Enhancement of Citizen Culture," based on Strauss and Corbin's paradigm model.

Toleration is a contested concept as well as an unavoidable act of social life that is subject to disputes and challenges that changes and justifies over time.  It closely involves socio-politico-philosophical but disputed concepts in modern society - including pluralism. Therefore, through the lenses of the practice of toleration, accept pluralism can be viewed a set of unescapable diversity challenges mainly in fields politics in contemporary more diversified society. Since toleration means to live and let live but it may also mean to look down upon and disapprove, there is a need to find ways to agree on those differences for which minority groups may require to find the appropriate forms of institutional accommodation. Using the influential work of John Locke as a starting point the paper further investigate the idea that the root of social conflict stems from competing beliefs systems, arguing that it is historically the ability of religion, particularly its distinct cult, to adjust their own comprehensive views to accord with a public conception of consensus. Although there exist considerable but more general debates in the literature in favor of religious toleration, John Locke views toleration from particular groups. So, in this paper, an attempt is made to see whether the limits that he sets to toleration are consistent with his case in favor of it. It is contended that there are two line of debate promoted in this question: the first being whether the argument is valid and consistent, to which here it is said that it is; the second line is that, whether Locke’s emphasis on particular case for toleration is valid or adequate, which here it is rejected.

Iran is a nomadic and tribal country. Iran's tribal and nomad communities possess a substantial social, economic, and cultural framework due to their pastoral economy and nomadic lifestyle. However, significant changes have occurred in the border regions' inhabitants' lives in recent years, particularly concerning the structure of the family. Historically, tribes and nomads have also evolved at a slower rate than is currently the case. In addition, the objective of this research is to examine the anthropological perspective regarding the family structure and kinship system of nomadic tribes and tribes, with a particular focus on the evolving Qashqai tribe of Fars. This qualitative study, which is fundamental by virtue of its applicability, is profound in depth. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach. Documentary methods, interviews, and observations were employed to collect data for this study, which was designed according to the structural-functional school framework. The Qashqai tribe is structurally extensive, monogamous, patriarchal, and intermarried; furthermore, it is an intermarried group that has experienced changes.

The category of identity has different cognitive types that are reproduced in various narratives of Iranian identity and transmitted in generational changes. Is a typology of Iranian identity from the perspective of cultural management? In terms of the qualitative implementation process, in terms of descriptive purpose, the current research is a library of concepts and theories related to identity and related research literature. It is also practical in terms of results and consequences. It shows that the category of identity is classified in different ways. In terms of Essence, identity includes Intrinsic and Acquired, in terms of the level of analysis, it includes individual and Collective, in terms of discourse, it includes Traditional, Modern, Postmodern, and Islamic Revolution of Iran, in terms of semantic system, it includes legitimizing identity, procedure, and resistance, and in terms of function, it includes National identity. It has its own dimensions, components and indicators. This typology in the field of Iranian identity leads to three nationalist, modern, postmodern and historical narratives. According to the different narratives of Iranian identity, through cultural management, identity can be managed in such a way that despite the internal and external changes, it can hold and promote itself in the worldwide sphere.

As the capital and most populous city of Iran, the metropolis of Tehran possesses both considerable potential and numerous constraints in comparison to other cities within the country regarding the process of globalization. The process of globalization necessitates a multitude of elements, including platforms, opportunities, challenges, expertise, and substantial financial, scientific, and social cultural resources. This study's objective is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of the globalization of the Tehran metropolitan area. This research employs foundational data theory as its methodology. The data necessary for this study were obtained through semi-structured interviews with fourteen urban management experts. A saturation stage is attained to ascertain the number of participants and to guide the targeted selection process. "Opportunity management" was selected as the subject of study. This phenomenon is the result of unmanaged potentials and internal constraints serving as causal conditions. The primary factors that influence this issue (opportunity for opportunity to be lost) are the political maneuvering of officials and the structure of the media. As per the participants' assertions, opportunities can be converted into barriers to globalization through the implementation of effective population policies and solutions that generate opportunities. According to the findings of the study, Tehran has presented an artificial, superficial, and imported facade of urbanization in comparison to its parallel cities. However, none of its stable indicators have it.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between dissatisfaction with family life and social dissatisfaction among the people of Tehran. Therefore, this research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of thematic domain in the field of social and cultural sociology, in terms of methodology, it was a field survey.  The sample size will be 381 based on Cochran method.. In this research, library and documentary studies methods have been used in order to collect theoretical data of the research. Also, to collect field data, a researcher-made questionnaire based on Likert spectra was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and mean difference test (ANOVA). The results of this study showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between dissatisfaction with family life and social dissatisfaction among the people of Tehran (P=0.527, sig=0.000) There is also a difference between dissatisfaction with family life and gender variables. (t=-1.968, sig=0.05). The type of activity (F=2.09, sig=0.08) has a direct and significant relationship. This means that women are more likely than men and housewives to be more dissatisfied with family life than other occupational groups. In addition, the results of this study showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between social dissatisfaction and income level. (F=5.37, sig=0.001). This means that people with lower incomes are more dissatisfied with society than other income groups.