Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Summer 2019

Political office holders are chiefly entrusted with the formulation and implementation of government policies and programmes designed to enhance sustainable development. Their activities can therefore make or unmake a nation, geo-political region initiative. The mental health and emotional intelligence of political office holders had been linked with their personal growth initiative and achievement striving behavior in other parts of the World aside from Nigeria. The present study was therefore conducted to examine the mediating role of mental health and emotional intelligence in personal growth initiative and achievement striving behaviour in a sample of 200 political office holders in South-West, Nigeria. Correlation and regression analyses were employed. Results showed that there were significant inter-relationships among achievement striving, personal growth initiative, mental health, and emotional intelligence and that personal growth initiative significantly contributed to achievement striving behaviour. It was also found that whereas mental health had a significant mediating effect, emotional intelligence had no such effect.

The paper aims to examine the population ageing as a new phenomenon effecting rural areas in Iran. Population ageing is going up throughout the country especially in the rural areas by 6.8 percent. fertility decline, increase in the youth migration to cities, and coming back to rural areas after retiring are the major factors which involve in rural ageing. This may jeopardize the communities. findings derived from conducted research indicated as the rural population ageing increases the elderly who are the resident of the areas will be faced with challenges such as lack of social security, inadequate access to health care services due to lack of proper infrastructure, Social isolation and loneliness etc. On the other hand, the rural shrinkage leads to metropolitan centers and prefectural capitals expand very rapidly, which results in over- crowding in some urban districts. In addition, resistance to change production modes, lack of creativity, innovation, and production development, reduction in productivity, decline in fertility, vicious circle of rural ageing, limited agriculture land falling into disuse, and threatening the economic security are the direct consequences of rural ageing threatening the whole country. So, if the policymakers pay no attention the rural ageing, we will encounter serious problem in the near future.

The city is the base and the space for people to come together. The space in which human interaction and social affairs occur and is identified in terms of epistemic and ontological support. So that we can talk about beautiful city, industrial city, western city and Islamic city. This paper uses the method of thematic analysis to explain the Islamic city by analyzing the relevant sources that are selected from their searches on the scientific sites and with the highest relevance. Based on the results of the research, eight major themes and four central themes have been identified in the explanation of the Islamic city, which resulted in two nuclear categories, "the link between Islam and the city," and "explaining the centrality of the Islamic city to the definition and the theory of its centrality." In general, the findings of this research show that the Islamic city has several, sometimes conflicting, definitions, each of which is critically evaluated in its own right, therefore, it should be explained in terms of definition and theorizing. It can be said that the Islamic city is backed up with Islamic identity and its symbols, and this city is different from non-Islamic cities.

Culture is one of the factors tourists consider to choose their destination, and what is the level of cultural Host community and cultural differences compared to what other nations. Therefore, recognizing the culture of the society itself is one of the ways in which it can attract the tourists by refining its competitive advantages and by stepping up the knowledge of the weaknesses in order to eliminate them. The methodology of this research is qualitative and is based on the grounded theory. Data was collected through interview and observation. The research community was selected from tourism experts including university professors, officials and tourism industry activists using snowball method and theoretical saturation criterion. 13 of them were selected. The findings of the interviews are coded (open, axial, and selective) and the concepts and categories obtained are analyzed. The core topic of this survey is "Tourism Culture", which covers other categories. The research findings have twenty propositions about this phenomenon. In summary, it can be said that the causal conditions include identity rings, influence on others, the inherent interests of humans, reflections of behavior and culture, cultural similarities, inner conflicts and self-adaptation, and dramatic behaviors. Familiarity with literature and travel algorithm, influencing other cultures, moving away from daily routine were only international conditions, and strategies include maintaining identity, interactive spaces, dissenting, rules, regulations and policies, as well as reducing opportunities for growth, reducing economic growth, unifying Culture, cultural divide, consumption and commercialization of the culture were related to the consequences.

This study aims to present a model of learning organization in Islamic Azad University. It is practical in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of implementation. At the first step of the research, after analyzing the information, using inductive content analysis, 15 components were identified and were categorized into 5 dimensions of learning levels, systematic thinking, shared vision and aspirations, models and mental models and learning organization evaluation. At the second step of research, the data were analyzed at two descriptive levels using statistical indices (such as frequency, percentage and mean) and inferential level (Levine test, t-test), confirmatory factor analysis was done. The results of dimensions analysis indicated that among the dimensions, mental models and learning have the least impact on learning organization in Islamic Azad University and the respondents are not satisfied with the status of its components in the questions. All the components of learning organization in Islamic Azad University are highly capable to be improved.

Violence has dramatically increased in recent years. The statistics of social and cultural factors of the violence against women has turned into an acute social problem and this unnatural growth is a sign of different factors. If we want to reach a common and continuous solution there is a need for fundamental revisions through the political, social and cultural structures in order to provide a proper psychological and cultural context. The present article deals with the analytical aspects of the key studies about violence against women and documented statistics and information. Then there are key guidelines that can help in the creation of the proper cultural and social context. Finally it is suggested that it is better instead of concentration on finding the differences or similarities between women and men, we search for their common existential points to use the whole abilities of these two genders in the development of the human life.

Existing of racial, ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity in different countries, has forced their educational system committed to decent response to the phenomenon of diversity of their communities in ways worthy of attention in national educational curriculum. Multicultural education is a kind of approach that responds to cultural diversity in a society and its educational system. This study aimed to analyze the content of the Iran's national curriculum in case of attention to multicultural curriculum components. In this study, a new method derived from the theory of systems is used to process the data's and the document of National Curriculum analyzed by using Shannon model of quantitative content analysis. National Curriculum includes eight sections, each section contains parts. Due to thisreason paragraphs the unit of analysis is chosen. In order to all cases to be included, the national curriculum targeted by fifty five components (components of multicultural education) content analyzed. First obtained frequencies in each component. The findings indicate that commitment of all eight sectors of Iran's national curriculum to multicultural education components is in low level and even has been neglected.

The present study aims to study the sociology of knowledge in Gramsci's theories and its role in epistemological sociology and to analyze the part of Gramsci's ideas related to the sociology of knowledge. Considering that Gramsci and his theories are not related to the sociology of knowledge (that is, Gramsci has not deliberately discussed sociology of knowledge), the most important discussions of Gramsci's views related to the sociology of knowledge have been considered according to our context. The most important parts of Gramsci's ideas related to the sociology of knowledge investigate the influence of historical conditions as an awareness factor, the hegemony debate, dialectical theory, civil society, the emphasis on pragmatism of "will-mindedness",and the role of intellectuals, economic agents (infrastructure), and political factors (Workers' Council and etc.). This study is a fundamental research which is based on content analysis qualitative methodology. The library method has been used to collect the data.