Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 3, Summer 2017

Rapid growth of urbanization and its complications in recent decades has absorbed urban planners' attention to stability and stable development issues. In this regard community which is the core stone of urban development stayed away from formal system of spatial planning, and established communities are in contrast with preserving stable development rules and principals, therefore this research in descriptive - analytical way with the aim of analyzing sustainable development indicators and the status of sustainability of neighborhoods located in various tissues in the city of Mahabad, in terms of four types old, middle, new tissue and informal settlement, based on five main indicators (physical, social, cultural, economic, service, and environmental) and 44 sub-indicators derived has been carried out that the main indices as the main variable and sustainability of neighborhoods as the dependent variable have been considered and the Pearson test and analysis of variance of without scale data in SPSS and excel show that between the three indicators economic, physical and service and combined indicator there was a correlation and significant relationship, as well as path analysis in AMOS software indicated the relationship and the direct and indirect impact of three main variable (service, economic and physical indicators) on sustainability of neighborhoods dependent variable, then based on TOPSIS model, studied neighborhoods have been ranked and the results showed that the rank of neighborhoods formed in middle and old tissues due to their proximity to downtown and better enjoyment is more desirable, and the rank of new neighborhoods and informal settlement, which have been developed in recent decades at a lower place in comparison is located.

There seems to be a debate on the validity of democratic peace theory. Whilst, some scholars and schools of thought have argued that democracy engenders peace, others have argued exactly the opposite. In the Nigerian context, democracy appears to have been characterized by violence, this paper examines democracy and violent conflicts and in origins and its implications for development with a particular focus on the Nigeria’s Fourth Republic violent ridden. This paper therefore concludes that the nature of competition for political power, multi-ethnic nature of the polity as well as corruption, unemployment and poverty are some of the factors which make democracy in Nigeria Fourth Republic violent ridden. The researcher therefore, recommends among others the need to cut down on remuneration/ allowances of political office holders and emphasize the re-orientation of political elites towards shunning divisive politics.

Play and Game are considered as the oldest cultural behaviors as the universal elements of human culture in all communities and groups. Gilan province in Iran, especially their villages, has a unique folklore especially its local games and plays. Nevertheless, it is necessary to document and analyze the immense information about the folklore in these villages before it vanishes in the sea of socio-cultural change. The main purpose in this paper is To Anthropological Study of local games and plays with the focus on Fooman town ship in Gilan province. This article is based on quality and tools of data collection is documental, Informal – in depth interviews and participant observations. It is mention in the theoretical framework the present research for its analysis of data, is based on Structural Functionalism theory.

This article has been done with aims to investigate impact of the quality of social security organization policy-making on pensioners' life style in that organization in the city of Mahabad and based on the criteria of environmental, Economic, Social, Political, Health, Personal security, life expectancy, housing and other services have been research case that are the most important factors that can provide healthy living for older adults and pensioners. The statistical population of this research is all of the social security organization main pensioners in the city of Mahabad, that in a total were 1817 persons. The sample size was estimated by using Cochran formula to the number of 317 persons and has been selected to the method of stratified random sampling. Information collection tools is include researcher questionnaire in relation with mentioned research that after the measurement of validity and formal reliability was estimated by getting the respected professors feedback and determination of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (r= 0.827). The questionnaire after the collection and statistics and classification of the information was analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistic by the SPSS software. Obtained results revealed that quality of social security organization policy-making have direct impact on the pensioners' life style changes in that organization in the city of Mahabad.

The penetration and growth of the Internet, as a key technology of the 21st century, caused to some major changes in all individual and social aspects of human life. Some of these changes, which associated with the evolution and changes in the concepts, including legal and political ones, have become a challenge. Identity as a legal and Government as a political concepts are in those fields which have changed and faced challenges in cyberspace. As, identity is difficult to be verified and authenticated over the internet, it leads to problematic aspects of identification in cyberspace. From the public administrative perspective, in fact, the challenge of identity is one of the legal challenges of e-Government. As e-government becomes a reality, all legal and political policy makers, are in an attempt to overcome the challenges of identification in the virtual environment of the internet. Thus the need for building a new legal framework for identification and authentication, as a key prerequisite of e-Government, becomes increasingly urgent. The present article discusses the legal issues of identity and identification in e-Government and tries to propose the solution to related challenges.

The purpose of the present study was to determine validity and reliability of Persian version of organizational silence questionnaire. The population was all employees of ministry of youth affairs and sports of Iran. Due to the population size, total population sampling method was used in which sample size is the same with population size. To collect information Vacola and Bouradas questionnaire (2005) was used. This questionnaire is consisting of three components including top management attitude toward organizational silence, supervisors' attitude toward organizational silence, and communication opportunities. Face and content validity of questionnaires were discussed and confirmed by university professors and experts. And using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability was calculated in a case study in which the reliability is 0.90. To describe statistical data, descriptive indicators was used and to determine construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results showed that based on relations and significant levels, all the questions had significant relationship with factors and could be an appropriate predictor for their factors. Regarding to the results of this research, Persian version of organizational silence questionnaire has acceptable level of reliability and validity.

This study is carried out to examine the economic factors affecting the services exports using descriptive-survey method. Research objectives are Identification of economic variables affecting the services exports, Identifying the critical components of service exports, The study of the structural model on the effect of discovered components on export services and Ranking the weight of each of the factors obtained compared with the other factors. The statistical population includes Pasargad bank experts. 310 experts are selected by simple random sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by the community of experts and its Cronbach's alpha is 89%. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation...) and inferential statistics (factor analysis and structural equation analysis) were used to analyze the data. The variables identified by factor analysis include the following four factors: The relations of international relationships, On-the-job skills, Competitive financial infrastructures and Foreign markets contexts. According to the results obtained from the AMOS software, all of the identified components have a significant effect on the service exports variable at 95% level. It was observed that competitive financial infrastructures had the most impact on the service exports variable. The market contexts variable is in the second place, and On-the-job skills are in the third place and, finally, the relations of the international communications had the lowest effect on the service exports variable.