Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Autumn 2017

The study was undertaken to determine the socio-economic impact on agricultural farmers converted to fish farmers of Muktagachha Upazila in Mymensingh district. Questionnaire survey method was followed to collect data from the sample farmers. From the survey it was found that all 30 fishermen were male. Large portions (34%) of fishermen were in the age group between 41 and 50. It was also found that 86% of the fishermen families lived in joint families and 57% family consist of 6 to 10 family members. All the fishermen families enjoyed electricity facilities. Major portion of the fishermen community took their health service from the Upazila Health Complex. Moderate educational status were observed in the study area though 14% possessed no education, 20%, 22%, 14% and 9% were educated up to primary, SSC, HSC and higher education, respectively. Majority of the farmers (50%) used their own land for fish farming. Only 7% fishermen borrowed loan from commercial bank/friends or relatives while 67% used their own money for culturing fish. Only 8 fishermen (27%) had received training on fish culture. About 86 % farmers increased their family income through fish farming. Almost every fisherman expressed that they were happy but not fully satisfied by culturing fish due to some obstacles.

The study of criminal phenomenon in criminology also occurs with a greater focus on the individual offender. Measures and activities governing the abused children among the victims who are particularly vulnerable ,Before victimization, by eliminating factors influencing victimization of children - including individual factors( biological, psychological factors), general factors ( economic, social, cultural, political, environmental )and also situational factors (including opportunities for crime) have particular importance and are the subject of social and situational prevention . While crime prevention measures, after the victim is a child, are placed in the area of criminal prevention. In this type of prevention, abused children who have been exposed to this purpose with the criminal justice system .as for juvenile offenders in the criminal process , it must adopt a differential policy , for abused children , also suggesting support-differential criteria is essential. Thus, to implement these policies, the special mechanisms be adopted in every step of the process of justice, for their children against the crimes occurred - regardless of their role in the crime. As the first official institution of the criminal justice system, police who have responsibility of discovering the offense, be faced with abused children. If police, regardless of the vulnerability of children in this stage, only serve as detecting crime, it isn’t considered the best interests of children. This study in theoretical library part and documentary and field research is a descriptive-analytic study. The method of this study is correlation and fundamental method. The statistical population consisted 191 street children in Tehran. To collect data, it is used of the questionnaire. It is used of the multidimensional social support of Zimt et al. (1988), a questionnaire on police attitude achieved by Dr. AnsariFard Najd (2011) .Data using software SPSS Version 19 and through descriptive statistical methods are the correction factors Chi-square and Pearson correction, parametric test and distance measuring scale. The results indicates that according to the main hypothesis , there is the positive and meaningful relationship between social support and attitude of police in street children .These factors affect in the number of street children and this theory is confirmed with confidence factor 99% . In studying the details of a research, it is measured the relation between the factors and street children that all variables have the positive and meaningful relations with street children and it is separately measured their effects which it is confirmed the effect of all variables on job satisfaction. After substituting all variables in regression model, results indicated that the variables and factors have positive affection on street children

Each society has a social health definition based on its characteristics. One of the important and influential factors on social health is the level of social consensus in society. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of social consensus on social health. The statistical population of the study is all citizens living in Tehran. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Social consensus variables were measured based on indicators, basic trust, social trust, symbolic unity, opposition, and mental participation. The social health of the community was measured based on indicators of social cohesion, social acceptance, social participation, social adaptation, social flourishing. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by Cronbach's alpha test. The result showed that the instrument has a desirable reliability. Analysis was performed by Lisrel software and the RMSEA coefficient showed that the observed results can be generalized to the entire statistical society. There is also a strong correlation between independent and dependent variables.

Gender identity disorder is an urgent sense of discomfort and inappropriateness of the sexual anatomy and urgent desire to get rid of genital organs and to live as a person of the opposite sex. The importance of studying gender identity disorder and its negative impact on the living conditions of suffering people, was laying the groundwork to do some research in terms of psychology and sociology. In this study, 160 people referred to the welfare centers were studied by using multi-stage cluster sampling or survey method. Standard questionnaire to measure sexual identity disorder is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) that was used after localization and adaptation in accordance with the required data in the research. The questionnaire was prepared structured and structures were measured with Likert scale. In order to assess the validity of the questionnaire, method of calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. The dependent variable in this study is gender identity disorder that was calculated in three dimensions: emotional, cognitive and behavioral. The statistical indicators were used to describe information, (median, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis), (Pearson) statistics were used to examine the relationship between variables, and regression statistics were used to predict factors influencing gender identity disorder. The results show that the average of gender identity disorder in respondents is equal to 3.84 that are higher than average (3), and reflects the high level of gender identity disorder among respondents. In addition, 9.5 percent of the changes in gender identity disorder are related to social capital and quality of life variables, and indicates an inverse relationship between social capital and quality of life with gender identity disorder.

The following paper is dealing with the topic of nations and nationalism. After giving a general overview of the mainstream work conducted regarding the national subject, the paper will in the first place focus on Bourdieu’s so called scholastic view which can be summarized as the bias between a scientific, theoretical reason and the practical reason that is applied by the social actors in the daily life. Taking this major assumption into account, the paper will introduce a new approach, against the strict macro- or micro pattern of understanding, to analyze and describe the phenomenon nation or nationalism. This will be carried out by referring to the work of Brubaker who defines ethnicity, nation or race not as things or entities in the world but rather views on the world standing for dynamic and flexible categories. It will be then the main task to integrate the habitus concept of Bourdieu into the theoretical structure of Brubaker in order to provide the link that combines the claimed overcome of the stiff division between macro- and micro analysis of nations. The outcome shall be a so called and to be defined national habitus that on the one hand brings up national features of the habitus of social actors and on the other hand provides us with explanatory models of how the habitus influences, explains and clarifies the national category.

Present study has been done with the aim of reviewing effects of eight-year war between Iran and Iraq on the first program of economic and social development in Islamic Republic of Iran. Theoretical framework of this study is functionalist perspective in order to identify positive and negative functions of this war for the first development program after Islamic revolution that has been done with the method of documentary and library studies. The study indicate that except improving quantity and quality of multipurpose defense industries with higher defensive scientific standards that has been resulted in independence in defense, saving foreign exchange and defense exports, other aims of this program which included decreasing reliance on oil, increasing non- oil exports, economic and food independence have not been fulfilled by increasing investment and efficacy and stopping consumerism, providing needs of the poor, decreasing unemployment, fulfilling social welfare and meeting the sanitary and health needs, development of culture and education and preventing city growth and immigration have not been fulfilled or have been fulfilled lower than the predicted points. At last, detailed solving methods have been presented for confronting with consequences and negative functions of possible war in the future.

Migration as a human phenomenon has some consequences and repercussions. One of these effects is crime commitment and inducing disturbance in land and national security in immigrants' residence country, in other word, international migration, especially illegal migration, have different penal-security effects. Finding reason that the permeability of borders and increasing illegal traffic, drug trafficking, the spread of terrorism, criminal gangs and mafia activities, labor exploitation and sexual abuse of women and non-immigrant, anti-spyware and activities security, disturbance of religious ethnic composition of the host country threats and degradation of natural resources and environmental capacity, the spread of infectious disease and as part of the outcomes of criminal, political and non-security immigration, particularly immigration international law in the field. Knowledge that a branch of applied sociology, criminology, criminal, always in the ideologies of some of its schools, including schools, Chicago and preferred socializing and cultural conflict, according to the causal relationship between crime and immigration, especially in the field of realization of delinquency people and differences in the type and amount of crimes natives and immigrants in terms of cultural conflict is important and this has been proven by studies Ali realistic and field arena.