مجله پژوهش های کاربردی در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 38 (پاییز 1400)

The aim of this study was to identify the barriers to strategic management in the Deputy of Physical Education and Health of Education in Iran.In terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection, it is qualitative and semi-structured interviews. The population of this study included all managers, staff advisors and provincial deputies in the deputy of physical education and health, from which 50 people were selected based on work experiences, published articles, authorship of related books and their executive areas that were related to the present study. And the sampling method was theoretical and purposeful.To analyze the information obtained in the interviews, open and centralized and selective coding methods were used.The results of the interviews indicated that strategic management barriers in the Deputy of Physical Education and Health of Education include 3 general categories and 9 components that include organizational ideology (educational barriers, structural barriers, design and planning barriers and professional ethics barriers), external organizational factors (legal and regulatory barriers, and environmental barriers) and organizational resources that include (information barriers, human barriers, and financial barriers). And one of the features of this research is to find new obstacles compared to other researches. The Deputy Minister of Physical Education and Health can take effective measures to remove the desired obstacles by using the capacities of the national media, attracting financial sponsors, participatory decision-making in implementation and continuous monitoring.

Nowadays, with a growing number of services and raising the access level to information and distribution channels, customers show more flexibility in decision-making. Due to intense competition in service industries such as Gyms, managers of these centers need to take new approaches to attract and retain customers. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the impact of experience creation through sensory stimuli in gyms on perceived value, brand strength, and word-of-mouth advertising.This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The sample consisted of 215 customers of luxury gyms in Tehran selected through purposive sampling. The main data collection tool was a questionnaire composed of Semi self-made and pre-existing questions. The questionnaires used include sensory stimuli scale (Hosseini et al., 2017), brand experience scale (Brakus et al., 2009), perceived value scale (Wiedmann et al., 2018), brand strength scale (Wymer., 2013), satisfaction scale (Chung et al., 2005), and word-of-mouth advertising scale (Helgesen & Nesset, 2007). Finally, structural equation modeling was applied using Smart PLS 3 software to identify the interactions between the variables.The results indicated that sensory stimuli lead to brand experience creation, and this path leads to customers’ perceived value. Furthermore, perceived value leads to brand strength and ultimately to positive word-of-mouse advertising.

The purpose of this study is factor analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Iranian Championship Sports Station. The statistical population of the study consists of managers and experts of championship sports station and university professors and sports experts about 154 people. For example, in the qualitative part, 20 people were purposefully selected and in the quantitative part, 134 people were selected as a total number. The method of collecting data for this study are combined, the first Delphi technique were used to identify the SWOT of Championship Sport Station And designed based on the provided list, the researcher-made questioner with 62 questions. Then its face validity was confirmed by 5 professors of sports management and experts and to assess the content validity, the content validity relative coefficient (CVR) was used. Also To determine the reliability of Alpha Cronbach test 0.88 was used. For data analysis; respectively in qualitative part; Delphy method, and for quantitative part descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods, including one sample T-test, Friedman-test and confirmed factor analysis by application of AMOS and SPSS software wereused. Among the most important findings of the research are the facilities and equipment of the station, lack of strategic plan, interest and acceptance of young people in championship sports, increase in the price of equipment and tools needed and maintenance costs, focus on consequentialism instead of process orientation.

The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of knowledge management in the relationship between information and communication technology and organizational culture with organizational learning in Iranian sports federations. the research method was correlation descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the heads and experts of the country's sports federations in 1398 (N =750), who were selected as the sample by simple random sampling (256 people) according to Morgan table. Data collection tools were the standard questionnaire for Hernandez et al.'s ICT, Lawson Knowledge management Questionnaire (2003), organizational learning (Pham & Swierczek, 2006), organizational culture (Quinn & Cameron, 2011). Structural equation modeling of variance-based approach using PLS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the greatest effect was on the impact of organizational culture on knowledge management. Organizational culture had a relatively high impact on organizational learning. The mediating role of knowledge management was confirmed in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational learning, however, it was not confirmed in the relationship between information and communication technology with organizational learning. It is suggested that in Iranian sports federation help to increase and improve organizational learning by promoting information and communication technologies, creating a proper organizational culture and proper knowledge management. Therefore, the federations take a step in the direction of learning growth and become a learning organization and keep up to date with global knowledge.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate of the effect of physical activity on the ethical behaviors of medical students of the University of Medical Sciences: the role of mediator in the use of social networks and individual attitudes about their physical image. The research was descriptive-correlational, and an applied research that was done field-by-field. The statistical population was all students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In order to estimate the sample size, Morgan table was used and the sample size was estimated to be 300. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts (15 professors of sports management). The reliability of the questionnaire was also reported using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (physical activity: 0.85, moral behaviors: 0.81, social networking: 0.86 and individual attitude about body image: 0.83). The validity of the validation structure of the questionnaire was also accomplished through analysis of the main components with the varimax rotation. Data analysis was performed using software, Spss version 25 and Amos version 23. The results of the findings indicate that the use of social network variables cannot play a mediator role. Also, the results showed that the individual's attitude about his physical image could have a mediating role. It can be concluded from the results that if students have regular exercise activities, their attitude toward their physical image has increased and this will lead to self-esteem and students will show positive moral behaviors.

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors of sports entrepreneurship in Iran. The type of research was fundamental and qualitative. The statistical population consisted of 16 different experts. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling method. To collect data in this study, theoretical foundations were used first and because the topics were not enough, semi-structured interviews were used. In this study, qualitative analysis approaches including open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the research findings. The results of open coding indicated that 110 initial codes were obtained from the analysis of interviews and documents. The results of axial coding showed that 15 categories were obtained from this coding. Finally, the findings of selective coding included 4 concepts (inhibitory factors, facilitating factors, developmental factors and consequences). The results of the codings showed that the sports entrepreneurship program in Iran is based on various factors. Therefore, when the mechanism of action of these factors is properly identified and diagnosed, we can see the growth and development of sports entrepreneurship program in Iran. Considering these cases, a bright future can be imagined for the sports entrepreneurship program in Iran. Since, from the experts' point of view, the lack of communication between universities and production and industrial centers is considered as one of the important factors. It is suggested that the necessary measures be taken to establish a favorable relationship between the university and industry through the proper education of students in accordance with the needs of industry.

Hormozgan Province, located in the south and neare the warm waters of the Persian Gulf on the one hand and having a variety of natural attractions, historical, tourism, climate diversity and economic potential on the other hand is a good place for attracting tourists and investing entrepreneurs. Tourism industry is a user industry and The perpuos of this study was the Role of Sports Tourism on the Development of Enterepreneurship in the Hormozgan Province (Focus on beaches and Water Sports). The method of this study was descriptive and survey with the practical purpose. The statistical population was include all Cultural Heritage and Tourism organization experts, Science and Technilogy park experts, native professors and MA of physical educations, Yoth and sports Department experts and Travel agencies employee. Valuom of statistical population was estimated 332 people. Samples were selected through randomaly targeted. Valoum of sample was calculated by Morghan table and it indicated 175 people. The measurement tool in this research was researcher- designed questioner. The final questionnaire's face validity was approved by experts. Cronbach s Alfa coefficient was calculated 0/88. For data analysis used Leven test, Kolmogrov Smirnov test and Linear Regresstion. The resulrs shwoed that, sport tourism development can be strong predictor for enterpernership development. Which shows the degree of variability in the development of tourism industry on entrepreneurship development in Hormozgan province. So develop ment of beach infrastructures for sport tourism development can be lead to enterpernership and reduc the number of jobless in Hormozgan Provience.

This study was conducted with the aim of Identifying strategic disadvantages of developing sport for all: experts point of views. The paradigm used in this research was an interpretive with a qualitative approach that used a phenomenological strategy with a hidden content analysis tactic to do it. The tools used in this study were the study of documents related to the Federation of Public Sports and interviews with 14 elites and experts in the field of public sports who were purposefully selected using the theoretical saturation rule. The data format was text, audio and video, which eventually became textual data. Data analysis was performed by coding (summarization) using MaxQDA software. In order to check the validity and reliability, the researcher and two academic experts in the field of public sports performed the coding work that about 84% of the codes were shared with each other (validation confirmation). That the codes are scientifically meaningful (confirmation of reliability). Based on the coding results in the first stage, 61 open source codes were identified, which after categorization, 13 main categories: interpersonal, lack of time, interpersonal, structural, infrastructure, attitudinal changes, communication system, media performance, coordination, culture, management and planning. Financial and economic and human resources were created. After reviewing the literature and taking the opinion of the best experts and avoiding the use of paradigmatic model, the researcher categorized the categories that were conceptually related to each other.

Social tolerance is one of the concepts that is addressed in different scientific disciplines.In the present qualitative research, this concept has been done in the field of sociology with the aim of designing a model for developing social tolerance of Iranian football club spectators to using Grounded Theory.17 interviews with experts were performed by purposive sampling method and analyzed with the help of Maxqda software. The result of these interviews was a set of basic themes that were collected during the coding process and categories were extracted from them; Then, in the axial coding stage, the link between the categories under the following headings: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences of social tolerance was determined in the form of axial coding paradigm; Then, in the selected coding stage, the story was drawn. Based on the results, the spectator social tolerance pattern in addition to causal conditions (mental, value and institutional conditions); Underlying conditions (individual, cultural and social) The intervening conditions (physical and educational infrastructure) are also important in the development of social tolerance, which ultimately has consequences such as interaction, empathetic action and well-being of football spectators.