دو ماهنامه بررسی های بازرگانی
سال نوزدهم شماره 107 (خرداد و تیر 1400)

This study examines the factors affecting the promotion of productivity, competitiveness and technology level of small industrial units. The statistical population of the study consist of all managers and experts of small industrial units located in Eshtehard industrial town in 2018-2019 to 1646 people, of which; A total of 312 people are selected as the sample size using the Cochran's formula. The data needed to analyze the relationship between research variables are collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, inferential analysis of data through structural equation modeling show that government policies, laws and regulations, and technology infrastructure as external factors affect of the productivity, competitiveness and technology in small industrial units.

Research on the export performance of firms, and the variables that influence it, has long been considered of significant interest to researchers, managers and policy makers. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of four variables of export commitment, market orientation, export strategies and competitive advantage on export performance using a meta-analysis approach. This paper is a documentary research; and target population is all researches related to effect of these variables on export performance; that based on a search in various internal and external databases, 41 studies are found and after refining the articles, 26 articles entered to process of meta-analysis. Finally, the CMA2 meta-analysis software used to calculate the effect size of each research. The results showe that export commitment with effect size equal to 0.260, market orientation with effect size equal to 0.421, export strategies with effect size equal to 0.328 and competitive advantage with effect size equal to 0.295, affects export performance.

The aim of this study is to investigate the differences and commonalities of the transfer of state-owned enterprises to the private sector within the framework of Article (44) of the Constitution as one of the macro strategies of the country's economic system with selected countries: England, Germany, Italy, France, Turkey, Malaysia. , Czech, Poland and Chile. Accordingly, the present study is “applied” in terms of results; “qualitative” in terms of the data used; “longitudinal” in terms of implementation period. The method used in the qualitative research section to collect data is participatory observation along with library studies. The statistical population of the study is all companies and enterprises assigned to the non-governmental sector within the framework of Article 44 of the Constitution during the last four years (2014-2019). According to the two general stages of privatization, "before" and "after" of the transfer, six axes (1) goals, (2) methods, (3) preparation, (4) planning, (5) ) Culture and education and (6) effects and consequences were considered in order to adapt and compare countries with each other.
The results of the study showe that pre-divestiture measures, including structural reconstruction, strategic and operational planning for divestiture, deregulation and removal of production barriers, selection of appropriate and comprehensive methods for privatization, publicity and transparent information, as well as monitoring Effective in privatizing the country has not been considered in comparison with other successful examples of privatization.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Maskan bank lending facilities on the value added of the housing sector in Iran for the period 1994-2017. The issue under consideration is of particular importance both in terms of the status of the housing sector in the Iranian economy and in the impact that the policies of the housing sector have on this sector. In this study, to evaluate the long-run relationship between variables for using time series data after reliability tests, model estimation is performed using ARDL based on boundary test. The long-run relationship between the variables is confirmed and the results related to the coefficients of housing bank logarithm, private sector investment logarithm, and inflation rate logarithm showe that these variables have a positive and significant effect on the value added. Housing sector and the coefficient obtained for the logarithm of the rate of interest rate of the facility reflects the impact. The negative aspects of this variable are the value added of the housing sector. Also, the estimated ECM coefficient in the negative model 2 is less than one and confirms the existence of convergence in the model, indicating that 70% of the imbalances in each period are corrected.

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of competition in the product market on the quality of profits of homogeneous and non-homogeneous industries of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research sample is selected from 245 companies during the years 2007-2018, which have been divided into two groups based on product market competition and homogeneity. To test the hypotheses, according to the results of Hassmann and Broch-Pagan tests and the existence of serial self-correlation, the combined data model with random effects is selected and the generalized method of integrated PGLM data is used to estimate. The research findings indicate that the higher the concentration in the product market, the lower the quality of profit. Also, companies that compete in concentrated industries but in a homogeneous environment are more competitive than companies that compete in concentrated industries and heterogeneous environments, and have higher levels of profit quality than companies that compete in a heterogeneous environment.

Designing a warehouse entry system, layout, movement and removal of products from the warehouse is critical to maximizing productivity. The use of cross docking has become increasingly important to speed up warehouse operations. Cross docking is a distribution strategy that plays an important role in enhancing the efficiency of distribution networks and reducing customer response times. In loading and unloading products through cross dock warehouses, the products are unloaded by incoming trucks and with a slight delay and sometimes without any delays, they are loaded directly into the outgoing trucks in the temporary storage area. This article, deals with the modeling and design of a cross dock warehouse and the purpose is to determine the allocation of warehouse floor locations to retailers in order to minimize the distance traveled in the warehouse and the vacant space of the warehouse and also maximizing the satisfaction of retailers by considering their shipping priorities. Augmented Epsilon constraint method is used to solve the problem. Finally, ideas and suggestions are presented to develop the model.

The purpose of this study is to design the paradigmatic model of cooperation model between knowledge base organization and automobile value chain by focusing on supply chain and new product development and areas explanation the related strategies. The approach of this study is qualitative and is derived from the grounded theory.
 The results of the data analysis in the model has been organized according to the policy making approach in three dimensional model with regard to the interconnectedness of auto makers in all stakeholders environment. Identify trends the in the new generation of new cars in the area of medium and high technology, reviewing the internalization depth based on 1404 plan for knowledge base companies needs definition in policy point of view, knowledge based organization units creation in design and development centers … in structural point of view, in the infrastructure view, knowledge networking creation in national industry, sanction defensive plan explanation are as the guidance strategy for this field.

Underwriting plays an important role in the initial public offering of securities. In fact, the issuers of securities employ the underwriters for two main purposes their first goal is to get a guarantee for the sale of securities, so that they can be assured of future sales of their shares; their other purpose is also facilitating the finding of a buyer for the securities. In this sense, the underwriters also play the role of mediator between the issuer and the investor. This dual function of the Underwriting makes it difficult to identify its legal nature. For this reason, the main issue to be considered in this article is the legal nature of the underwriting. Also, from commercial law point of view, it is necessary to determine what is the relation of Underwriting with institutions such as factoring and brokerage, and generally whether it is a commercial act or not. In short, the Underwriting contract appears to be a contract, but not in the form of any specific contract, and it is a special legal format in which the issuer's discretion is only limited to choosing the underwriter. From a business perspective, the act of Underwriting does not seem to be an original commercial practice, but rather a Subordinate commercial practice.