نشریه پژوهش در ورزش تربیتی
پیاپی 22 (بهار 1400)

The purpose of this study was designing of a pedagogical model to implementation the goals of the physical education curriculum of schools during the Covid-19 pandemic. The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with an exploratory nature and in 3steps. In the first step, synthesis research method was used to extract the effective factors. The second step included distance interviews with 31 physical education (PE) teachers and PE group leaders, experts, and specialists of curriculum to enumerate more specialized and local factors. Finally, in the third step, a focus group consisting of experts was used to validating and designing the model. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 79%, which indicates the reliability of the research coding process. A total of 50 concepts and 10 main categories were extracted. Findings showed that goals, learner characteristics, Educational platforms and learning environment play a role as fixed and influential factors. In contrast, the elements of teacher, content, teaching methods, Educational materials, family and Assessment as available and flexible factors play a decisive role in students' learning. Finally, it is suggested that physical education teachers consider role of each of these elements, especially the characteristics of learner (individual, social, cultural, etc.), family, educational contexts (quality, facilities, etc), educational materials (suitability for learning environment, family level, etc) and learning environment in the educational plan process. It is also suggested that the Ministry of Education hold additional training courses focusing on content production, teaching and assessment methods in Virtual space.

Due to the rapid environmental changes and their resultant uncertainties, greater planning and future studies are required to encounter the potential future changes. This is particularly important when it comes to physical education and sports, especially at an early age, because the changes having occurred in today's life and the mechanization of activities have led to loss of mobility and various diseases. Therefore, this study has aimed at identifying the uncertainties of physical education and student sport in 1404 . This is an applied research in terms of purpose, and a descriptive research in terms of the data collection method. In terms of the research method, this is a qualitative research and a prospective study. The structural analysis method has been used to identify the uncertainties of physical education and student sport, and the calculations of this method have been performed using the MicMac software. Consequently, library studies and in-depth interviews with experts were used to identify 21factors influencing the physical education and student sport. A pair wise comparison questionnaire was then used and completed using some experts' views. Further, the relationships between the factors were described by constructing a matrix and drawing a graph. Finally, the groups of factors were identified and the uncertainties were extracted, which included "statesmen's attitudes toward physical education and sports", "upstream documents", "human resource quality", "the share of sports in the household's cost basket", and "inter-institutional and inter-organizational interactions". Consequently, if we want to have good planning , we need to consider these uncertainties.

The purpose of this study was to present a role model for community sport schools in Iran. The research method was qualitative. The statistical population of the present study was university professors and experts with sport and non-sport expertise. The sampling was purposive and snowball technique. The research tool was an interview with 13 people. The validity of the research instrument (interview) was evaluated and confirmed by the interviewers and then by the expert lecturers. In order to assess the reliability, the in-subject agreement method was used 0.80. The test was also approved. The theoretical method of data extraction was used to analyze the data. The results of the semi-structured interviews showed that 5 categories of effect can be considered as role indicators of sport science colleges. These five categories include: production of specialist science and education, community awareness and health, sports-based business, social prosperity, and services. These 5 categories themselves contain 13 concepts and 49 agents or open source. Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that these indicators should be best addressed to school managers and that schools can plan their impact on society by considering these categories. Take action.

The purpose of this study was to present a qualitative model for the development of educational justice in the field of sport science, which was presented in the case of Jahrom University. This study is a qualitative research method that systematic approach of Grounded theory was used to analyze the data. By reviewing the background and theoretical foundations, the introductory list was formulated as interview questions and the primary tool for collecting data and interviewing guide. Then, three sessions with 20 undergraduate and postgraduate students in the field of sport sciences were held as the focal points of the university. We tried to consider good, moderate, and poor students in equal choices (about 7 students). Also, 12 interviews were held with the faculty members and educational justice elite at Jahrom University until the data reached a theoretical saturation, meaning data was the same as previous data. In the analysis of the data, after the open and axial coding process, and based on the analysis of the obtained factors, the coding process was performed. Results in two general dimensions of educational injustice platforms and educational justice strategies formed the final pattern of research. General concepts derived from inequities include facilities, educational resources, academic discrimination, laws, personal characteristics, professors, content and geographic location, and educational justice strategies include transparency, development of evaluations, training, local development and interaction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate of the effect of dimensions of the scale of occupational and family values on the self-efficacy of the students in the field of education by considering the role of mediator of creativity and leisure. The research was descriptive and correlational. The population was physical education students (1800). The sample size was estimated by 360 Morgan sampling table (randomly). The research instrument was four questionnaires: occupational and family values scale (1970), Nazarian, and Ramezani, leisure time (2012), Moghimi's creativity (2009) and Darabi's self-efficacy (1395). The validity of the questionnaires was approved by 15 professors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used for instrument reliability. The results indicated that the effect of scale of occupational and family values on self-efficacy through creativity and leisure was positive and significant in postgraduate students. part of the variable effect of the scale of family and occupation values is transmitted by the time-honors and creativity variables on the self-efficacy of the students in the field of higher education. it can be concluded that family and employment are among the most important issues of human life, which, if it is adapted to the conditions and interest of the students in the field of education, will have a favorable effect on society. Creativity leads to a balance between work and family, and this results in higher self-efficacy among the students in the field of higher education, those who have a higher self-efficacy, are more active in leisure than possible obstacles.

Achieving the goals of physical education in schools requires a happy teacher with psychological well-being, Hence the aim of this study was to examine The impact of professional ethics of sports teachers on their psychological well-being with the role of mediator’s self-efficacy. The research method was descriptive-correlational, which was done using structural equation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all Shiraz physical education teachers, which included 611 people that the sample size was determined by krejcie and Morgan table equal to 240. finally, after the distribution and collection of data, 282 questionnaires were used for analysis. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire in the field of study that validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was carried out at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS, smart Pls and Lisrel software. The findings indicated that professional ethics had a direct impact on self-efficacy and psychological well-being, and professional ethics also indirectly influenced psychological well-being through self-efficacy. According to the findings, the professional ethics of physical education teachers, through increased self-efficacy, lead to the development of their psychological well-being and education officials in order to increase the psychological well-being of sports teachers, they must specialize in institutionalizing their professional ethics.

Today, funding for education and, consequently, funding for student sports are facing serious challenges. The purpose of this study was to provide strategies for developing financial resources in the student sports, which was carried out with qualitative methods. So after the literature review, semi-structured and deep qualitative interviews with experts have been done. Interviews continued until saturation point and identification of all solutions (N=17). A total of 27 strategies were identified in the form of six main factors of the category. Four identified factors (use of religious donors and taxes, attracting sponsors and private sector participation) based on the use of opportunities inside education and two other factors (using donors and religious taxes, attracting sponsors and private sector participation) based on the use of abroad opportunities of education. The use of capacities in education needs to be aware of the solutions of financial resources development, the efforts of operational managers and supporting of executive managers. The use of opportunities outside education also requires the integration and culturalization of legal conditions for private sector entry.

The purpose of this research was to design a paradigm of recreational women's sport in Iran, which was carried out with a qualitative exploratory approach-the grounded theory with the Strauss and Corbin (1998) approach. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the experts who had practical and scientific expertise in the fields of recreational sports and women's sports and was selected using Purposive Sampling and Snowball method. Data collection tools included interviews and note-taking. After 17 interviews, the researcher got theoretical saturation. The data was analyzed by MAXQDA10 software and Qualitative Content Analysis. The results of analysis were 417 open codes, 53 categories in axial coding and finally26 major categories in selective coding. The paradigmatic model includes: the causal conditions include the national sports championship approach, different roles of women, women's lifestyle, the nature of sport,women's citizenship rights, The domestic and foreign developments of women's sports; Intervening conditions include Cultural-social issues, Islamic bases, political issues, Financial resources, Management, Places and Sports Facilities and geographic environment; context conditions include education and scientific foundations, external factors, internal factors, financial resources and advertising end the media; the strategies include Principled development strategies and all-out protection of sport women; the consequences include increasing the participation of women's recreational sports with four sections: cultural and social consequences, Individual consequences, Economic consequences and management Consequences. This recreational sport framework helps to sport management to achieve a comprehensive understanding of women's recreational sports that proposed proportional strategies are used to compensate for backwardness and development.

The purpose of this survey was to study the social perceptions of Iranian spectators in the Volleyball Men's Nations League. This applied research was carried out with quantitative method. The statistical population of the survey was all Iranian spectators of Volleyball Men's Nations League 2018 that held in Iran. The sample size was 380 according to Morgan table and 371 correct questionnaires were analyzed. The research instrument was a 27-item questionnaire of Inoue & Havard (2014) with three sub scales of determinants, social perceptions and outcomes of social perceptions. Content validity of the questionnaire was verified by eight sports management professors, and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.79). Analysis of data in Amos software version 23 showed that the measurement model had good fit index. The result showed the effect of Social Responsibility of the Event and social Camaraderie on social perceptions were positive and significant, while sport participation and Cause Importance had no significant effect on social perceptions. Also, social perceptions had a significant positive effect on both variables of Event-related behavioral intentions and Intentions to Consider Event Sponsors’ Products that this effect on behavioral intentions was stronger. Overall, the social achievements of hosting this sporting event for our country can be well described, which can be considered in hosting other sporting events.

Rope jumping enhance coordination and doing joint rope jumping successfully requires precise temporal and spatial coordination. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics parameters in rope jumping plan and prediction of interpersonal coordination among elite players. In the applied research, 12 rope jumping available elite girls (13-18 years) were subjects of it. The participants practiced the different rope jumping tasks (individual and joint rope jumping in different distances with online landing) for one month, until they could do them properly and without online feedback (Seeing or hearing each other). The researcher used a Vicon motion analysis device with six infrared cameras capable of 120 frames per seconds to record three- dimensional movements of the legs and rope whirling. The results of one- way ANOVA showed that with enough practice, even in the absence of feedback, hand-foot deviation time and timing variation in rope whirling of joint groups reached an equal level while their movement time, jump height and Landing Position showed a significant difference. The rope jumping, angular momentum and body vertical displacement are combined. In the other hand, placing and timing are important. So increasing difficulty and demand of joint task, amount of intra and interpersonal coordination will increase and coupling and anticipation power varied depending on joint and individual task constraints.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the factors affecting the development of marketing in students' sports. The systematic qualitative research method was conducted using semi-structured interviews. The research community comprised all the officials, directors, assistants and leading teachers of Tehran sport. The sampling method was purposeful, which in total, the researcher achieved theoretical saturation with 13 interviews. Findings of the research indicated that in track of Elli causes as up people student and basing student sport for islomic republic of Iran, in track of Contextual conditions motivation causes and development barriers and interferer conditin human and managment causes was important causes. Base of results, first we need to increase the knowledge and knowledge for the development of sports schools and to assess the status quo and challenges in order to be able to The second step reduces the constraints and increases the motivators by identifying and analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, and opportunities and challenges. It also contributed to the implementation of sports schools by presenting and employing solutions such as economic, social, human and managerial factors. When sports, especially at such a level, are faced with marketing development, capital will also enter this part of the sport, and so it will be possible to boost student sport.