مجله تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی دامپزشکی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

The anatomical studies about the one-humped camels are very little compared to other domestic animal species. The stomach and adjacent organs are blood supplying with the celiac artery. The research on the celiac artery in one-humped camel is very little. The knowledge of branching and variations of the celiac artery is clinically significant, especially in surgical operations. To do this research, five number stomach and adjacent organs of Camelus dromedarius were prepared from the abattoir and then fixed, dissect and analyzed. The celiac artery in the total specimen was originated from the abdominal aorta, separates from the cranial mesenteric artery and divided into three branches, included the hepatic, splenic and left gastric artery. The splenic artery has reached the blood to the spleen only. The left and right ruminal artery were originated together by a common stem from the left gastric artery. The terminal part of the left gastric artery in the lesser curvature of the third compartment (omasum- abomasum) of the camel stomach was divided into two branches, lateral and medial left gastric artery. In the total specimen was recognized one gastroepiploic artery. This artery was originated from the gastroduodenal artery and near the middle part of the greater curvature of the third compartment, ramified into the left and right branches. This study showed that the blood supply of the stomach in one-humped camel is different from other ruminants, and the knowledge of this point is essential in surgical operations.

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of different levels of tarragon powder on growth performance, carcass traits, immune system and microbial population of broiler ileum using 432 Ross 308 strains in a completely randomized design. During the test, the broiler herd became infected with the flu. Experimental treatments were: diet without additives (control), and experimental diets containing 0.5, 1 or 1.5% percent of dried tarragon powder.  The performance of chickens was recorded in different stages and at the end of the experimental stages. On day 34 of the experiment, blood samples were taken from a vein to measure antibody titer against Newcastle and influenza. On day 38, two birds from each replicate were injected with diluted 0.5% SRBC solution at a rate of 2.5 cc. One week later, a blood sample was taken through a wing vein and then antibody titer levels against SRBC and serum IgM and IgG levels were determined. At the end of the experiment, 2 birds (male and female) were killed from each replication and ileal contents were collected. The weight of parts such as chest, thighs, abdominal fat, liver, heart, spleen and bursa of Fabricius was also determined. The results showed that the use of tarragon powder at all levels, without a significant effect on feed consumption, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio of birds in the final stage of rearing (p <0.05). Heart weight in birds fed diets containing tarragon powder decreased compared to the control diet (p <0.05). Diet containing 1.5% tarragon powder significantly increased serum IgM antibody production. Supplementing the diet with any of the tarragon powder levels in comparison with the control treatment significantly reduced the population of Escherichia coli in chickens and also the diet containing 0.5% of tarragon powder reduced the lactobacillus population in comparison with the control treatment. The present results indicate that the use of tarragon powder in the diet of broilers improved their growth performance. According to the findings of this study, the optimal level of tarragon powder consumption is 0.5 to 1%..

Total antioxidant capacity is a combination of compounds that are able to maintain a biological system against the harmful effects of active oxygen species and nitrogen. Pregnancy is a period of increased metabolic activity that may lead to an imbalance between production and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comparison of Total Oxidant Capacity (TOC) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) among healthy cows and cows with retained placenta (RP) showed that changes in TOC during the transitional period in cows with RP and healthy cows until up to parturition were increased and changes in TAC from one week before parturition to parturition time was a decreasing trend in both groups. For TOC and TAC, there was a significant difference between healthy cows and cows with RP in all weeks. Therefore, there is a meaningful relationship between the amount of TAC and TOC in preparturient weeks and the occurrence of remained placenta.

Visceral pain is an unpleasant feeling that Using synthetic drugs for treatment has some side effects, such as psychological dependence and blood dyscrasia and for decreasing these side effects, administration of herbal medicine can be an appropriate approach. Based on existing information in traditional medicine and some recent scientific surveys, Thymus vulgaris plant is one type of herbs that has different therapeutic effects of which it is possible to point to antibacterial and antifungal effects and its application in some respiratory disorders The aim of this study is evaluation of the palliative effect of Thymus vulgaris on visceral pain. This experimental study was done on 40 NMRI male mice. (36±4g). Mice were divided randomly into control groups, positive group (flunixin), treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3. Control groups and positive group, normal saline and flunixin (2mg/kg) and also treatment groups respectively 150, 300, 450 mg/kg of Thymus vulgaris received intraperitoneally. 15minute after each injection, for visceral pain induction, mice were injected by acetic acid 0.6% (10ml/kg) and during  30 minutes, the analgesic effect was recorded by counting the number of Writing. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey test with a significant level of P< 0.05. The extracts of Thymus with 150, 300, 450 mg/kg doses and flunixin with 2 mg/kg dose induced a significant reduction in pain response. (P<0.05). This study confirms the palliative properties of Thymus Vulgaris, but further clinical studies are necessary to find out a suitable place for that among the other visceral Analgesics.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in research into the Anaplasmataceae family. In this family, there is the genus Ehrlichia, which is a compulsive intracellular and zoonotic bacterium. The main carriers of these bacteria are mites, the most common species of hard ticks that are found mainly in all parts of the world, such as Ixodes, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma. The aim of this study was to track the molecular detection of Ehrlichia ewingii among referred dogs referred to the veterinary clinic of Semnan University. In this study, 134 dogs were randomly assigned to each of them in the amount of 4-5ml of blood and they were used to extract DNA using phenol-chloroform method. Subsequently, with the help of Anaplasmataceae primers, the desired gene was traced and positive cases were recorded. Based on the results, out of the total number of reference samples, 35 samples were positive, of which 21 were male and 14 were female but none of them were Ehrlichia positive after the second round of PCR.

A number of pathogens can cause health problems and even production problems in sheep. In any case, internal parasites can cause the most concern in this regard. Pulmonary parasites are one of the most important and common parasites of small ruminants that lead to lung damage and since the respiratory system is one of the most important tissues in the body and due to the connection Close to other tissues of the body, so damage to this tissue leads to fundamental disorders in animal health and production problems. In this regard, in order to investigate the prevalence of pulmonary parasites in sheep in Naghadeh, we inspected after slaughtering 655 sheep in 18 sampling sessions (3 times a month) from early January 2015 to late June 2016. According to the results, 8.7% of sheep had various pulmonary parasites (Cystocaulus ocreatus 2.9%, dictyocaulus filaria 1.67%, protostrongylus rufescens 0.76%, Hydatid cyste 5.19%). Hydatid cyst is the most common and Protostrongylus rufescens is the rarest respiratory parasite of Naqadeh sheep.

Sarcocystis is composed of 130 species of heteroxenous coccidian and differ in terms of life cycle and pathogenicity. This parasite is common between humans and livestock and human being infected by eating raw or semi-ruminating meat. The infection is a global outbreak, causing many diseases in many animals and causing many health and economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of contamination of sarcosystis in slaughtered livestock in Semnan abattoir using compression and digestion methods. Hence during the winter of 1396 and spring of 1397, 334 cattle and 334 sheep and goats (evenly sheep and goats) were randomly selected at abattoir and examined by digestive and compression methods for the presence of Sarcocystis cyst. The mean of contamination of Semnan in cattle was determined using digestive method of 87% and with compressive method of 60%, in goats by digestive method 83.33% and using compressive method 59% and in sheep by digestive method 81% and with the compressive method was 59.52%. The results showed that the digestive method was the most sensitive method for detecting sarcocystis in abattoir in Semnan. Regarding the high prevalence of sarcosysts, the complete cooking of meat it should be considered, regardless of the apparent inspection outcome.

A cross-sectional study was conducted during four seasons from April 2016 to Mach 2017 to assess the status of cystic hydatidosis in the slaughtered camels at the Semnan municipal slaughterhouse,  in Semnan province. Hydatid cyst count and characterization were conducted based on routine meat inspection. Out of the total of 254 camels (97 females and 157 males divided in three age groups as <5, 5–10, and >10 years old) examined visually and manually by palpation and incision, 51(20/07%) were found harboring hydatid cysts in lung, liver and spleen. A significantly higher infection was detected in older camels (P<0.05) than younger ones. Of the total 51 infected, 25 (9.81 %) had hydatid cysts only in the lung, 11 (4.33 %) in the liver, 16 (6.29 %) in both the liver and lungs, and 2 (0.78 %) in lung, liver and spleen. Out of the 70 viscera harboring hydatid cysts, the highest (58.57%) was the lungs followed by the liver (38.57%), and the spleen (2.85%). In addition, out of the total 405 cysts collected, 16.79% were calcified cysts. The rate of cyst calcification was higher in the liver than in the lung. The results showed that hydatidosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the study area. In light of the result obtained and the current situation in Municipal abattoirs in Semnan province, serious attention for its prevention and control is warranted.

Effect of nicotine on male and female mammal fertility capability. Nicotine decrease reproduction and cause infertility in each sex. It causes disorder in luteal phase by inhibition of release progesterone. In present study cellular effects of nicotine were studied on rat ovary by histochemichal methods.  Fifteen rats were selected as three groups which each group contained five animals. Control group, once treatment samples received low dose nicotine (0.2 Mg/Kg) daily and second treatment samples received high dose nicotine (0.4 Mg/Kg) daily during twenty one days. injection was given intraperitoneally. rats were killed by carbon dioxide and ovaries were removed and frozen, and then were sectioned by cry microtome with thickness 10 µm were prepared. stained by Oil-Red-O, Sudan Black B and PAS method. And were examined by light microscope. Results appeared that, in low dose group follicular fluid, some of the growing follicles, and cystic follicles were PAS positive. All of the positive effects were observed in high dose group too but accuracy of follicle degeneracies was more in this group. Obtained results appeared many Oil-Red-O positive areas in treated ovaries that it guidance cell degeneration and unused cell energy source. Many distributed Oil-Red-o and PAS Positive area in treated group appeared that nicotine cause cellular degeneration. Therefore degenerative effects of nicotine on ovary can be  cause infertility in female animals.

In this research, 10 pairs of healthy adult male dog testicles were obtained by castration and immediately transferred to the laboratory. After reaching the laboratory, for the harvest of sperm, several incisions were performed at the regions with less blood capillaries of epididymis. Three levels of glutathione (3-5-7 mM) were added into human tubal fluid containing sperms (40×106 sperm/ml), with 10%, bovine serum albumin and were kept for 24 hours at 5 ºC. Sperm motility was examined at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after kept in refrigerator at 5 ºC with CASA. We applied one-way ANOVA of SPSS   version 22 analyses and tukey HSD and tamhane post hoc test to determine meaningful differences. The results showed that CASA parameters; rapid progressive motility (Class A, %), immotile sperm (Class D, %), motile sperm (Class A+B+C, %) and the parameters of sperm velocity; curvilinear velocity (VCL, µm/s), straight line velocity (VSL, µm/s), average path velocity (VAP, µm/s), were the best in control groups, till 12hrs evaluation (P<0.05). But at 24 hours the three levels glutathione had more numerical means than control, but without meaning full results. In conclusion; glutathione can be effective in improving the quality of dog epididymis sperm at 5°C, but leading to this effect depending on the dosage and duration of sperm storage.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of copper nanoparticles on the performance and immune system of broilers. Fertile eggs from Ross 308 breeder broiler flock were divided into 4 groups as follows. The group was injected with one mL of physiologic serum and the groups injected with copper nanoparticle solutions at doses of 50, 75 and 100 ppm in the air cell, at the first day of incubation. The daily feed intake and average daily gain at the rearing period was higher in 100 ppm group (P <0.05), while there was no diference in feed conversion ratio. There was no diference in antibody titers against the influenza virus. The higher and lower antibody titer against Newcastle virus were observed in the group injected with 75 ppm and 100 ppm nano-Cu injected group, respectively (P <0.05). Total white blood cells and heterophils in broilers at 10 days of age were decreased in 50 ppm nano copper group (p <0.05), however, the lymphocytes of the same group (50 ppm) was significantly increased (P <0.05). The hematocrit percentage of blood samples at 10 days of age in broiler chickens in 100 ppm nao copper group decreased (P <0/05). A linear decrease in serum triglyceride levels was observed with the in ovo injection of 75 and 50 ppm copper nanoparticles compared to the control group (P <0.05). Serum cholesterol and HDL levels in the 50 ppm copper nanoparticles groups  were lower than the group of 75 ppm copper nanoparticles and the control group (P <0.05). Serum LDL levels were not affected by experimental treatments. The results of this study showed the positive effect of in ovo injection of copper nanoparticles, especially at 50 ppm level on feed intake, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

This study was performed effect of vacuum packaging on the drip and drip protein Otolithes rubber, Scomberomorus commerson, Eleutheronema tetradactylum and Largescale tonguesole from Persian Gulf for 20 days in 2016. Samples of fish were collected for Abadan seaport. Fish fillets were maintained in two ways the usual packing and vacuum packaging at +4º and -18° C. The highest and lowest of drip were in Otolithes rubber fillet vacuum packaging at -18° C (21.56±0.27 g) in 20 days and Largescale tonguesole fillet usual packing at +4º C (1.46±0.35 g) in 5 days. Changes of drip in Otolithes rubber showed this index on the 5 day to the 20 day of the two methods conventional usual packing and vacuum packaging stored at +4º and -18° C was obtained higher than three species of Scomberomorus commerson, Eleutheronema tetradactylum and Largescale tonguesole. The highest and lowest of drip protein were in Eleutheronema tetradactylum fillet vacuum packaging at -18° C (14.13±0.19 %) and Otolithes rubber fillet usual packing at +4º C (2.41±0.1 %). The drip and drip protein increased in the different treatments studied in four species of fish Otolithes rubber, Scomberomorus commerson, Eleutheronema tetradactylum and Largescale tonguesole in two ways the usual packing and vacuum packaging at +4º and -18° C for 20 days (P <0.05). In general, the results of this study showed that the amount of gutter depends on the temperature used to keep the fish, so that it affects the amount of gut protein (percentage), as well as the amount of gutter and protein in the gut of fish fillets under the influence of packaging. Vacuum had a significant increase and in fillets packed under vacuum the amount of these indicators was higher than fillets stored at +4 and -18 ° C.