مجله تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی دامپزشکی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

In this study, the purpose of the study was to investigate the fungal flora of animal feed and the Concentration of aflatoxin M1 in the milk produced by traditional cattle ranches in Shahre-kord city, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. For this purpose, since spring 2019 to spring 2020 (During one year), samples of animal feed consumed annually by twelve traditional dairy farms with the number of animals above 15 heads, located in different parts of Shahre-Kord city, the capital of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, were randomly sampled. Isolation, cultivation and detection of fungi in the feed as well as the amount of aflatoxin in the produced milk in order to investigate the relationship between the composition of animal feed, mold and aflatoxin M1 in cow's milk was measured and measured using the ELISA method. The results of this study showed that the ingredients of animal feed include corn, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal, nutritional supplements, barley, wheat bran, dry bread, fat powder and alfalfa containing contamination factors and molds of Aspergillus flavus, Clavanthos and Rhizophos stolonifer. In addition, the results of this study showed the presence of aflatoxin M1 in the milk of all farms under study during the test period. The results of statistical analysis on animal feed and aflatoxin data confirmed the existence of a strong correlation coefficient between rapeseed and soybean meal with Aspergillus molds in animal feed and milk contamination with aflatoxin. In general, according to the results of this research, it seems that controlling the contamination of animal feed with mold and fungi is the best method to prevent the contamination of milk and its products with aflatoxins, which plays an important role in improving the health of society.

A corneal ulcer is one of the most common eye diseases, which can be caused by trauma and chemical or some microbial agents. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of autologous platelet supernatant (PS) on corneal burn ulcer healing in 30 adult male New Zealand white rabbits. After general anesthesia, alkali wounds were created on the right corneas of rabbits by applying a 6 mm round filter paper, soaked in 1 M NaOH for 60 s. All rabbits were divided into three groups (n=10). In group A, platelet supernatant and in group B, atropine plus ciprofloxacin (AC) eye drops were used (one drop/12 h for 10 days). In group C, rabbits received normal saline, as the control group. Rabbit corneas were collected for histological examination on days 5 and 10. Histopathological factors such as epithelialization, vacuolar changes in epithelium and inflammation were evaluated. According to histopathological findings, a significant difference was observed between the PS group and with two another groups, while no significant difference was found between the AC group and the control group. The results from this study demonstrate that platelet supernatant can significantly promote the healing process of corneal alkali burn in rabbits.

Hydrocephalus is a nervous system disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure and head enlargement. Increased intracranial pressure is a direct consequence of fluid accumulation in the ventricular system. This condition can affect almost all animal species, including domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, and cats.A lamb that was born by caesarean section and had hydrocephalus abnormality was evaluated biometrically and anatomically after dying in the dissection hall of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, as well as cerebrospinal fluid culture was evaluated in the department of microbiology and mycology.The results of this study showed that this abnormality did not have a bacterial or fungal cause, so it is very likely that it can be caused by the issue of nutrition and contamination in the feeding of the mother sheep, or a lack of micronutrients, or a viral factor.Cognitive and physical defects can occur as a result of hydrocephalus. The pathophysiology of hydrocephalus is unclear. While the circulation theory is widely accepted as a hypothesis for the development of hydrocephalus, there is a lack of sufficient proof in clinical situations and in experimental settings. However, there is increasing evidence that osmotic gradients are responsible for the water content of brain ventricles, similar to their presence in other water-permeable organs in the body. Therefore, brain disorders that result in excess macromolecules in the ventricular CSF alter the osmotic gradient and lead to hydrocephalus.

Mastitis is an important disease that can infect livestock throughout their life. Gram-negative EscherichiaColi is the main cause of most of this disease. The aim is to investigate EscherichiaColi isolates containing fluoroquinolone antibiotic resistance genes in mastitis milk using multiplex PCR technique. In this study,150milk samples from cows suffering from mastitis were used. The samples were sent to the microbiology laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Kazeroon University for evaluation. After culturing the suspected EscherichiaColi colonies, according to the CLSI tables, the sensitivity of the isolated strains was evaluated. The results of electrophoresis of PCR products showed that among the 7 strains of Escherichia coli resistant to flumoquine; The qnrS gene was observed in one strain and the qnrB gene was observed in one strain, and one strain had both qnrS and qnrB genes. In this study, among 17 isolates of Escherichia coli resistant to enrofloxacin (36.36%), 1 isolate has qnrB gene, 1 isolate has qnrS gene and 1 isolate has both qnrS and qnrB genes. occurrence of resistance to quinolones in Escherichia coli pathogenic strains can be a danger to public health. The most abundant pattern of multiple resistance obtained was related to the strains that were resistant to several antibiotics at the same time.The results showed that qnr S and qnrB genes are the most important genetic factors involved in resistance against quinolones and fluoroquinolones.

Immediately after spinal cord injury, nerve inflammation causes neuropathic pain and motor impairment. As a phytohormone with a modulating role in plants, abscisic acid has anti-inflammatory effects in various animal tissues. In this study, the effects of abscisic acid as an anti-inflammatory agent were used in the acute model of spinal cord injury.The weight throwing method was used to create a model of spinal cord injury in rats. For this purpose, 36 adult male rats were used and the animals were grouped as follows: the control group: no injury and drug administration, spinal cord injury group without drug treatment, spinal cord injury group with intrathecal administration of fentanyl, spinal cord injury group with abscisic acid treatment (10μg /rat. IT), spinal cord injury group treated with 15μg/rat.IT), spinal cord injury group treated with methylprednisolone (30mg/kg. IP). To evaluate the effects of abscisic acid on pathological changes in In the acute phase of spinal cord injury, the spinal cord tissues were cut at the lesion site and examined by a pathologist. This study showed that the administration of abscisic acid causes improvement in the amount of edema, bleeding, and necrosis at the pathological level in the spinal cord injury induction groups compared to the control group, although this difference was not significant.The histopathological findings from the present study showed that abscisic acid can reduce the pathological effects in the acute phase of spinal cord injury to some extend and further studies are necessary in this field.

Trichomoniasis is one of the common infectious diseases in birds, which is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trichomonas gallinae. The symptoms of the disease are various and include anorexia, diarrhea, swallowing, purulent plaques and bad and sour smell inside of the oropharyngeal cavity. Conventional diagnosis is based on the preparation of a wet mount and its examination under a microscope. This is a descriptive-analytical study. Since no study has been conducted to compare the wet mount method and PCR in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in Tehran, In this study, we decided to use the molecular PCR method and based on the amplification of the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 gene of Trichomonas gallinae to compare its accuracy, specificity and sensitivity with the wet mount method. From 60 pigeons referred to the clinics in Tehran, 2 samples were taken from their oral cavity and crop using sterile swab. A wet mount was quickly prepared from a sample and examined under a microscope. Another sample was also used for PCR testing. 40% (24 samples) with the wet mount method and 85% (51 samples) were positive with the PCR method. The data was analyzed with SPSS software version 24 and with a confidence level of 95% there is a significant difference between the results of wet mount and PCR in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Therefore, compared to PCR, the wet mount method has good "specificity" in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis, while it has low "sensitivity" and "accuracy" in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis.

The objective of this study was to assess and compare the impacts of incorporating boiled potatoe or molasses, with or without bacterial inoculation, on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and in vitro gas production in corn silage. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with eight experimental groups and five repetitions. The experimental groups comprised the corn silage group without additives (CS), corn silage group with 4% molasses additive (CSMol), corn silage group with 3% potato additive (CSPot3), and corn silage group with 6% potato additive (CSPot6). Additionally, four groups, including the aforementioned ones, were inoculated with bacterial supplements.The CSMol group with bacterial inoculation exhibited the highest levels of dry matter, crude protein, ash, and nonfibrous carbohydrates, as well as the lowest amount of insoluble fibers in neutral detergent fiber. There was a significant decrease in pH in the bacterial-inoculated groups compared to those without bacterial inoculation (P<0.05), with the lowest pH observed in the CSMol group with bacterial inoculation. The CSMol experimental group with bacterial inoculation showed the highest concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid, along with the lowest concentrations of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen (P<0.05). The lowest concentration of acetic acid was noted in the CSPot3 group without bacterial inoculation, which did not significantly differ from the CS and CSPot6 groups without bacterial inoculation (P<0.05). The highest and lowest levels of organic matter digestibility were observed in the CSMol group with bacterial inoculation and CSPot3 group without bacterial inoculation, respectively (P<0.05). The gas produced during the 24-hour incubation period was highest in the CSMol group with bacterial inoculation, not significantly different from the CSPot3 and CSPot6 groups with bacterial inoculation (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding molasses with bacterial inoculation enhances the concentration of volatile fatty acids and organic matter digestibility in corn silage. Additionally, potatoes, when used with bacterial inoculation, can improve the fermentation quality of corn silage.

Research on wound healing agents is a developing area in biomedical sciences. Traditional Persian medicine is one of the holistic systems of medicine providing valuable information on natural remedies. Foeniculum vulgare mill has analgesic, healing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Foeniculum vulgare mill leaves on skin wound repair.Wounds were induced on 60 rats in four groups, control, nitrofurazone treatment, user ointment, and treated with Foeniculum vulgare mill the 10%onitment extract. The treatment was performed daily, until day 21 after wound induction. Wound closure was measured and the features of the repaired tissue were investigated by histopathology in 7, 14, and 21 days after wound induction, including epithelization, inflammation, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and fibroblasts.The histopathological findings show that the Foeniculum vulgare mill Group and nitrofurazone group have significant differentiation from the control and user groups. Day 7 in collagen and fibroblast factors showed significant differentiation. Day 14 in epithelization factor and day 21 in collagen fibroblast and inflammation factors showed significant differentiation.Therefore, the ability of anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antibacterial parameters of the Foeniculum vulgare mill could be suggestible effective for the treatment of wounds.

In recent years, the importance of research on the Anaplasmataceae family has increased. In this family, there is the genus Ehrlichia, which are obligate intracellular and zoonotic bacteria. The main carriers of these bacteria are ticks, which are common species of hard ticks that are mostly found all over the world, such as ticks. Ixodes, Dermacentaur, and Repicephalus cause bites and contamination of dogs and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Ehrlichia canis in domestic dogs in Shiraz. To carry out this study, sampling was done from the bodies of 36 tick-infested dogs that were kept outside the house. In the next step, DNA isolation and commercial PCR were done. IFAT results show a very low serum prevalence of anti-E. canis antibodies (3 dog collars; 1.5%). The prevalence of the Rhipiscephalus sanguineus in the studied dog population was reported to be 18% (36 dog collars). Based on the results of the PCR test, it was found that 3 out of 200 studied samples (1.5%) were positive for Ehrlichia species. In the present study, all 3 infected dogs had the Rhipiscephalus sanguineus, and in the examination of the peripheral blood smears of the tested dogs, Ehrlichia canis morulae was not found in the lymphocytes. Considering that some species of ehrlichiosis are considered as potential zoonoses, therefore, the role of infected dogs as potential sources of infection for humans is important due to the common aspects between humans and animals.

Langerhans cells (Lc) are a subset of dendritic cells that reside in the epidermis. Antibodies or immunoglobulins arise from a combination of amino acids and as a result, the immune system can be affected by dietary amino acid.Methionine, in particular, is a vital amino acid for mammals, and studies have shown that a deficiency in S-adenosine methionine (SAM) can lead to a weakened immune system So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of intra peritoneal methionine on LC numbers in rat.Forty female rats of the same age were divided randomly into the four equal groups. Treatment groups received a daily corresponding dose of L-methionine (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg B.W.; i.p.) for 10 consequent days. After slaughtering, epidermis,dermis. and Langerhans cells wereThe results in the epidermis and dermis showed no difference in the thickness of these layers in all groups. Histopathologic findings did not display any congestion or inflammatory cells infiltration in all treatment groups compare to the controls.Obtained results revealed that methionine cannot change the number of Langerhans cells in healthy skin.