نشریه پژوهش ملل
پیاپی 69 (آبان 1400)

The emersion of new kind of virus, called Covid-19, has been become a Pandemic which affected the hygiene & general health in all over the world & created the anomalies condition in people’s ordinary life in form of prospering to organized crimes & we can refer to such these crimes like publication of false statements & fake news. The current research is seeking to investigate of Corona impact on organized crimes in international law with emphasizing publication of false statements & fake news. From this point of view, after expansion of thematic conceptual space, we will examine the investigating of Corona impact. According to presented thematic documentaries in this research, the research method is Descriptive- Analytical & the information gathering in this research is library. The research findings indicate that first; it seems that displacement of organized crimes from real space to cyberspace is the most important of Corona impact on organized crimes scene in international law & second; the Corona virus causes to reduction of crimes kind in real space & crimes increasing in cyberspace such as publication of false statements & fake news.

With the expansion of the process of globalization and the transition from hard power and emphasis on soft power, various types of diplomacy were introduced in this field, among which we can mention sports diplomacy. This type of diplomacy can be considered as "public diplomacy", which is used to improve the mid-term and long-term relations between governments by influencing the general public abroad to achieve foreign policy goals. Therefore, the present article, which seeks to study the role and impact of sports diplomacy in international relations, will examine the issue of sports in the form of sports diplomacy after expanding the conceptual space of the research topic. According to the thematic documentation presented in this article, the question that can be asked is what effect does sports diplomacy have on international relations? The research method used is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is library method. The findings of this article indicate that sports diplomacy is a subset of public diplomacy in which the public diplomacy, under the rules of sport, pursues a policy of sharing norms between nations, which at the same time can facilitate cooperation, strengthen intercultural understanding, and eliminate alienation or separation between peoples and governments.

Development is a complex concept that there is no consensus among researchers and theorists on what is it and how to achieve it. With transition from development as economic growth, development is now seen as a multidimensional concept related to political economy that, in addition to economics, issues such as politics, government, gender, and the environment are among its important dimensions and components. Despite the attention to development as a multi-layered and complex issue and the emphasis on its social and human dimensions, economics is still a central issue in development from the perspective of the dominant approach to development. In addition to paying attention to the achievements of the dominant approach to development, the shortcomings of this approach in explaining phenomena such as the gap between north and south, environmental issues and women's issues that the world is facing today are also examined. This study believes that better confrontation with the shortcomings of the dominant approach to development in explaining the said problems requires a review of the dominant approach on important issues such as the role of governments and the status of politics, public participation, gender and the environment in development. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method that uses library resources to examine the shortcomings of ignoring the role of politics in development.

Although the concept of good faith is one of the legacies of ancient Roman law, its close relationship with ethics has caused the aspects and effects of this concept to have an important place in the legal system of most countries. The principle of good faith and fair dealing in contracts has not only had significant influence in countries with written law - countries that have been pioneers in formulating and expanding this principle - but also in the countries with the common law. The concept of good faith, its scope and consequently how it is accepted and applied in these countries is different from the view of written law countries in many ways. The development and concept of this theory, its examples, cases of application and also its effects on contracts have proponents and opponents who have each approached it with a different perspective and for their own reasons. In this article, we try to identify the place of good faith in the legal system of written law countries and customary law in international law, and by analyzing the legal system of these countries, we seek to examine the place of good faith in the legal system of written law and customary law.

States, as guarantors of the security of societies, can sometimes lead to insecurity themselves. In this case, the state may commit a crime as a legal entity. However, the state’s harmful behavior is not criminalized in international law and instruments, and there are legal loopholes in this regard. But states can violently, non-violently and blamefully violate human rights and harm people and society, and therefore must be held accountable. Accordingly, the main question of this article is “how the states commit crimes and what crimes do they commit?”, and the article seeks to answer it in a descriptive-analytical way. In this article, while examining the concept of state crime from a legal perspective, the types of crimes committed by states and the constituent elements of such crimes are examined, and finally, it is concluded that today the international community must recognize the criminal responsibility of states by criminalizing the harmful behavior of states so that international judicial institutions can administer justice to criminal states.

In any legal system, the issue of ownership is one of the most important issues. By recognizing ownership in any legal system, one can know the view of that system on any legal issue. Considering that there are many definitions and descriptions in jurisprudential and legal texts, its importance in the Islamic system can be realized. Since ownership is an issue against usurpation, and when usurpation takes place, the property of individuals is taken away, the purpose of this article is to clarify the necessity and legal importance of ownership and competence in the registration of deeds and instruments. This article gives a full explanation of the issue of ownership, including the definition of ownership, the nature of ownership, types of ownership, and so on. Competence and ownership are legal, jurisprudential, logical and intellectual necessities. The most important factor that prevents the violation of people's rights and preserves their property is the registration of deeds and instruments. However, if the registration is not accompanied by the observance of a set of principles and conditions, it can itself be a cause of conflict and violation of the rights of individuals in society.

The spread of awareness and discussion in positive thoughts is the product of the human inner will and deed. In this interdisciplinary study, which is related to both literature and educational sciences, in addition to comparing the positive attitude in Persian literature and literature of other nations, we try to reach the conclusion that there is an issue of human mental power both in theory and practice. Using this mental process leads to creating health, improving the quality of life, patience, love and hope, finding skills, feeling satisfied, and in general, recognizing the existence of human beings. And according to the obvious identities and using the explanation and exploration, the present study suggest that a defective cycle is running in our body and with the help of positive thinking and showing its clear evidence and experiences subject to the law, we try to neutralize negative forces and use a variety of intelligence, including cellular intelligence, in this regard.