نشریه پلاسما و نشانگرهای زیستی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، پاییز 1400)

Tomato pulp is one of the by-products of the food industry that is produced in large quantities in Iran and due to the high percentage of fiber, its level of consumption in broiler diets may be limited.Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the nutritional value of tomato pulp using a multivalent enzyme in the nutrition of broiler chickens.

In this experimentthebroiler chicks fed diets without tomato pulp and enzyme (control), containing 5% tomato pomace without enzyme, containing 5% tomato pomace and 0.2% multi-enzyme, containing 10% tomato pomace without enzyme and 10% tomato pomace and 0.2% multi-enzyme for 42 days.

During the Finisher and the whole the experiment period, chicks fed different levels of tomato pomace with enzyme had a higher weight gain than enzyme free comparable diets (P<0.05). There was an increase in the the empty gizzard weight in chickens fed 5% tomato pomace with enzyme compared to the control group and also the 10% tomato pomace and enzyme group (P <0.05).Serum lipids including cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were not affected by the experimental diets, but diets containing tomato pomace had higher HDL concentration than the control group (P <0.05). The villi height of jejunum and ileum of chicks fed 5% tomato pomace with enzyme was significantly higher than other treatments, but highest amount of villi of jejunum and ileum was observed in the group fed 5% tomato pomace without enzym. (P <0.05).The 10% level of tomato pomace reduced feed cost per unit of live weight gain by 5%.

The results of this study showed a positive effect of multi-enzyme use on increasing the nutritional value of tomato pomace up to 10% of broiler diet.
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The aim of this study was investigation of effects of biotronic top3 on some growth indices, mucus and serum immunity and expression of genes involved in growth of Persian sturgeon .240 fish (with an average weight of 104±1 g) were fed for 8 weeks under three experimental diets with different levels of biotronic top3, including: 2, 4 and 8 g / kg diet and a control group. At the end of the period, sampling was done randomly to evaluate the growth indices, mucosal and serum immunity as well as the expression of genes involved in growth.The results showed that the best growth performance and the highest expression of genes involved in growth (GH, IGF-1 and Ghrelin) were presented in the control group (P <0.05). The highest amount of alkaline phosphatase, total mucus protein and total serum protein and the lowest amount of serum alanine transaminase were presented in the treatment fed with diet containing 8 g biotronic top3 / kg of diet, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). Diets containing biotronic top3 significantly increased and decreased serum lysozyme mucus and aspartate transaminase activity, respectively, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in serum glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels in all treatments with the control group (P <0.05).Diet containing 8 g of biotronic top3 / kg diet, despite not having an effect on growth indices, improved the mucus and serum immunity parameters in Persian sturgeon .

Drug-resistant infection is one of the leading causes of death from burn injuries. Bacteriovorus stalpii, like other predators, invades and destroys the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the Bacteriovorus stalpii on the healing rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wounds in rats.

30 albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of positive, negative, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and staphylococcal bacteriorex after 3 burn wounds.30 rats N-MRI were randomly divided in to 5 groups positive and negative control, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and Bacteriovorus stalpii, and except for the negative control group, all groups Burned and Infected by 4 multidrug resistant Pseudomonas isolates. After treatment with bacteria and antibiotics, wound colonies were reported every other day and wound area was measured within 20 days.

The results of colony count showed that Bacteriovorus stalpii in infected wounds significantly reduced the amount of bacteria in 21 days compared to other groups and this decrease was better than the performance of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. Measurement of wound area over 20 days also showed that the use of predatory bacteria reduced wound area in burnt rat compared to control groups. Histological examination of the resulting wounds showed that the predatory bacteria reduced inflammation, increased fibroblasts cell and increased tissue collagen compared to the control group.

Bacteriovorus stalpii can accelerate the treatment process in drug-resistant infections.

The function of the liver as an insulin-dependent organ is strongly affected by diabetes. Diabetes can lead to liver damage through oxidative stress. The present study was performed to evaluate the possible effects of hydroalcoholic extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and glyceric acid on Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic factors in male type 1 diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 72 male Wistar rats were injected into diabetic control, diabetic control and diabetic groups treated with hydroalcoholic extract of licorice and glycyrrhizinic acid at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg / kg by injection. The time intervals of 15 and 30 days were divided. Diabetic control and treatment groups became diabetic with a single intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg alloxane monohydrate. At the end of the treatment period, Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic factors were measured. The results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test.

Bax apoptotic factor was significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to the diabetic control groups and Bcl2 anti-apoptotic factor was significantly increased (p <0.05) which indicates improvement in the structure of damaged liver tissue in the groups. It is a treatment.

Hydroalcoholic extract of licorice and glycyrrhizic acid is in expressed doses of anti-apoptotic and has a protective effect against liver damage induced by diabetes.

The use of chemical anti-cancer drugs frequently create serious side effects. However, probiotics are natural and treat different kinds of cancer without undesired effects. In this study, a nano delivery system was planned to transport the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. GG) cytoplasmic fraction (Cf) to cancerous tissue in the mouse model.

Magnetic iron nanoparticles (MINPs) were synthesized and loaded with L. GG-Cf (0, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg/ml) and administrated for three weeks to treat experimentally induced murine breast cancer in a constant magnetic field. At the end of the trial, the treating efficacy of this complex molecule was evaluated via western blotting and qPCR.

Results showed MINPS can deliver and accumulate the L. GG-Cf in cancer tissue, also the size and volume of the tumors were reduced. Additionally, in cancer tissues of treated mice with 2.5 mg/ml of Cf-MINPs significant induced apoptosis was seen compared to untreated (control), and our data proved that this induction may be due to the caspase-3 pathway.

In conclusion, L. GG-Cf could treat the murine breast cancer and MINPs are a suitable candidate for drug delivery because of their safety, uniformity, and magnetic properties.

Argas reflexus or pigeon tick is a soft tick of Argas genus. This tick is an external parasite of poultry that often feeds on pigeon blood and is one of the most important pigeon ectoparasites that can endanger human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and behavioral effects of feeding Argas reflexus larvae on mice.

After collecting the Argas reflexus ticks and in vitro production of their larvae, mice were infected with 30, 40 and 50 larvae in three treatments, respectively, and 5 mice were treated in each treatment. Then, Physiological symptoms such as changes in weight and temperature, behavioral changes and skin symptoms were monitored and recorded daily.

The results of this study show with increasing the number of larvae in infected mice, the severity of symptoms also increase. It also seems that in addition to the number of larvae, the longer feeding of larvae from the body of laboratory animals, the greater the severity of clinical and cutaneous symptoms and their stability.

According to the results, it is necessary to pay attention to the dangers of the presence of this tick in birds as the main host of this tick and also in the habitat of humans and to develop control and preventive programs against this tick.

King soldier bream is one of the species of family Sparidae, which is commercially and ecologically very important in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. The species of this family are morphologically very similar to each other and they may be mistakenly known as another species. Therefore, molecular identification of them has to be considered.

In this study, the phylogenetic relationship of king soldier bream fish based on mitochondrial region(CO1) was investigated using DNA sequencing method. For this purpose, 90 samples were collected from the soft tissue of the caudal fin using Ammonium acetate, and its quantity and quality were determined by Spectrophotometry and Electrophoresis. Optimal DNA samples for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing were examined. After gene amplification and sequencing, Bio Edit version 7.0.1, BLAST, MEGA 7.0.2 and DnaSP 5.10.01 software were used to draw phylogenetic trees.

Based on the phylogenetic tree obtained from the sequences, king soldier bream was divided into two main branches in Bandar Abbas, Bandar Bushehr and Bandar Chabahar areas. All samples of the first branch showed a sister relationship with the second branch and all the samples of branches one and two showed sisterhood with samples KJ012292 and kJ012291 from the Gene Bank in Italy with 82, 67 and 86% accuracy.

The results can provide useful information on the conservation and management programs, for the preservation, revitalization, and resource of the population this valuable species.

Fish growth is regulated by many environmental and physiological factors and is shaped by the genetic background of each organism. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plays an important role in various biological processes of fish. This study aimed to examine the rate of expression of IGF-I mRNA growth gene at different stages of growth in local and imported rainbow trout in Iran.

Hence, local and imported trout fish in three sizes of small, medium and large, with a total mean weight and size of 453.66±244.34 gr and 32.25±6.78 cm, respectively, were obtained from the fish breeding center in Guilan province (Rasht). First, 20 mg samples of the liver tissue of the fish were obtained under sterile conditions after anesthesia from both local and imported breeds. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed according to the RT-PCR standard method in the Genetics Research Laboratory of Tonekabon Azad University.

The results showed that the expression of IGF-I gene was significantly different between local and imported breeds so that the highest and lowest gene levels were in the small size of imported breed and medium size of local breed, respectively (P<0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the amount of gene expression and weight and length of fish (P˃0.05), while IGF-I expression showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the fish size.

These findings suggest that the IGF-I gene may play a key role in the growth and development of rainbow trout.

Gastric cancer is second leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Use of herbal drugs because of having fewer side effects is of importance. The anticancer effects of catechin polyphenols in green tea have key role in promoting cancer cells to apoptosis. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in the expression rate of Bax and Bcl_2 genes in AGS cells after treatment with green tea extract.

Concentrations of 800, 1200, 2000  μg /ml of Green Tea extraction were treated in AGS cells as two groups 48 and 72 hours. Extraction of  RNA, synthesis of cDNA and the study of genes expression was performed by Real time PCR and also GAPDH gene was used as reference gene.

The results of Real time PCR data analysis by 2- Ct method shows significant increase expression rate of  Bax / Bcl_2 genes in doses of 800, 1200 and 2000 μg / ml for times of 48 and 72 hours.

Green tea is the reason of increasing Bax/Bcl_2 ratio which it is dependent to concentration and time, and it can lead cancerous cell to programed cell death. This extract can be useful in the treatment of gastric cancer for patients with this cancer. To clarify the effective molecules and their mechanisms, further studies are undertaken on animal models and humans.