نشریه روانشناسی اجتماعی
سال نهم شماره 59 (بهار 1400)

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the diseases that affects all aspects of human existence and in addition to physical disabilities, has social and psychological consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment approach on irrational beliefs and body image in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 1397-98. By available and purpose-based sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly replaced in two equal groups of 30 people. Data were collected using the Irrational Belief Questionnaire (Jones, 1968) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relationship Questionnaire (Cache, 1997). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), tests related to statistical presuppositions and repeated measures variance with SPSS statistical software version 26.

The aim of the present study was to predict Oppositional Defiant Disorder based on parenting styles, personality traits and perfectionist characteristics of parents. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all children aged 7 to 10 years in Tehran in the academic year 1398. 250 people were selected by available sampling. The research instruments were pediatric symptom questionnaires (Gadow and Sparfkin, 1994), parenting styles (Bamrind, 1991), neo-personality traits (McCray and Costa, 1992) and perfectionism (Frost et al. 1990). The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method, the value of which was higher than 0.7 for all four questionnaires. Content validity was also used to test the validity of the questionnaire, for which the questionnaires were approved by the relevant experts. Data analysis was performed from questionnaires through spss-22 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression). The results of data analysis showed authoritarian parenting style, 17% and psychoticism can be 24% positively and meaningfully, extroversion and adaptability variables 19% and 23% respectively negatively and meaningfully, as well as worry about mistakes, doubts about actions, parental criticism and personal standards. 13%, 24%, 34% and 28%, respectively, are able to positively and significantly predict the variable of confrontational disobedience (P <0.05). Therefore, based on the findings of the present study, Oppositional Defiant in children is related to parenting styles, personality traits and perfectionist characteristics of parents and can be predicted by it.

The purpose of this study was to comparison of effectiveness of empathy training and social perspective-taking training on social cognition of adolescents with cyber bullying. This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up one month. The statistical population of this study included all the female students high school in Bushehr city in year academic 2018-2019 and 45 student were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups (each group of 15 student) and control (15 student). The experimental groups underwent empathy training (10 sessions 90 minutes) and social perspective-taking training (10 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data cyber bullying questionnaire of Antoniadou, Kokkinos and Markos (2016) and social cognition questionnaire of Nejati, Kamari and Jafari (2018). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). The results of the study showed that both types of treatment in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on social cognition of adolescents with cyber bullying (p < 0.05).  Also, social perspective-taking training had stronger effects than empathy training in improvement of social cognition (p < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be said that social perspective-taking training and empathy training can be used as a treatment to improvement of social cognition in educational and therapeutic settings.

This study aimed to compare attachment styles and perceived social support in people who approached a fortune teller and those who did not. The research was causal-comparative study and the research population consisted of people referred to forger in year 1398 in Shiraz. The sample was 50 people who approached a fortune teller and 50 who didn’t that they were selected by using available sampling method. Research instruments included Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The validity and reliability for tow scales are satisfactory. To analyze data were used the analysis of variance method with SPSS-21 software. The results indicated that the difference between attachment styles and social support was significant between the groups. The difference between avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment between the groups was significant. Other results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of family social support and social support of other groups.

The purpose of this study was to predicting the social health of teachers based on the variables of metacognitive beliefs and loneliness. The research applied in terms of purpose and method was descriptive, correlational one. The statistical population consisted 550 of teachers of the Secondary School of Amol. The statistical sample was 226 participants that determined by the using Krejcy and Morgan table, and selected by stratified random sampling according to gender. The instrument for collecting data was three questionnaires of social health Keyes (2004), metacognitive beliefs Wells & Cartwright-Hatton (2004) and loneliness Russell, Peplau & Cutrona (1980). Their reliability was calculated to 0.75, 0.78 and 0.82 respectively by the use of Cronbach’s Alpha. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data in SPSS-22 software. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant correlation between social health and metacognitive beliefs. But there is a reverse relationship between loneliness and social health. Also, metacognitive beliefs were able to predict 16.3% of teachers' social health changes (p < 0.05). But feeling lonely cannot predict the social health of teachers. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the quality of their metacognitive beliefs and prevent their sense of loneliness in increasing teachers' social health.

Propriety, moralist and human behavior, according to customs and cultural standards, which is socially accepted and it is the consent of the community members. The purpose of this article is to standardize the social solidarity questionnaire. This study was conducted in descriptive method in 2017. 385 students were selected as a sample by estimating the sample size. The reliability of the 50- item social decency questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha test was 0.87 and the two-half method was 0.79. 34 out of 50 items are related to interpersonal etiquette and 16 items are related to individual etiquette. The content validity of the questionnaire is more than 0.99. Bartlett test was obtained with 6911.8 chi-square, 1225-degree of freedom, significance level of 0.000 and value of KMO = 0.750. As a result the completed questionnaire is a valid and reliable, so that can be used to assess the level of social propriety.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the perception of disease and psychological capital of patients with type 2 diabetes in Shahrekord in 1398. In this quasi-experimental study, pre-test-post-test design and control group were used. For this purpose, 30 people with type 2 diabetes who had a file in the Shahrekord Diabetes Association were selected using purposive sampling using the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Data collection tools included Disease Perception Questionnaire (Bradbent et al., 2006) and Psychological Capital (McGee, 2011) which were completed by the participants. Then the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive-behavioral therapy and finally the data using the method Analysis of covariance was analyzed. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy improved the perception of the disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (p <5%). The results also showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy increased psychological capital and its components in patients with type 2 diabetes (p <5%). The cognitive-behavioral group intervention with the protocol used in this study was effective in increasing the perception of disease and psychological capital in the population with diabetes and this method can be used along with drug therapies for patients with type 2diabetes. One of the limitations of this study is the limited sample of patients with type 2 diabetes, which can not be a good and sufficient indicator for the community. Therefore, generalizing the results only to the target community is logical and possible, and for other levels we must do so with caution. Data were prepared using self-report questionnaires that may have response biases.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation training and interpersonal skills training on girls' resilience. The method of this research was quasi-experimental with post-test pretest design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all female students of Urmia Girls' Technical College in associate and bachelor degrees in the number of 1200 people in the academic year 1398-99. Were. Experimental groups 1 and 2 were trained for 18 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention. Connor-Davidson (2003) resilience questionnaire was used to collect the required data among the three groups. Data obtained using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as; Mean, standard deviation, Leven test and multivariate analysis of covariance were analyzed in SPSS25 software. Findings showed that emotion regulation trainings and interpersonal skills have an effect on girls' resilience components (P

The aim of this study is the effectiveness of self-regulatory education on psychological cohesion and marital turmoil in families with differences in Kermanshah. The method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the method of collecting quasi-experimental research data of the pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the study includes all couples with marital differences who referred to counseling centers in 1398. The sample size was estimated based on the available sampling method of 30 pairs (experimental group 15 pairs, control group 15 pairs). Research instruments include the Marital and Communication Disorder Screening Scale of Wischman et al. (2009), and the Flensberg et al. 2006 Mental Cohesion Questionnaire. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data using two levels of descriptive statistics (percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics for mean difference between nodes. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the tutor. The reliability of the questionnaires through Cronbach's alpha test for marital turmoil was 0.83 and 0.86, respectively. The results showed that self-regulatory education was effective on psychological cohesion and marital turmoil in families with differences in Kermanshah.

The aim of this study was to definition the effectiveness of life skills training with Islamic approach on epistemological beliefs and psychological well-being of male students and the method is a semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design with control group. second secondary school male students in Qom city in 2018-2019, 40 male students were selected based on the entry students available and randomly assigned in to one therapeutic group (with 20 people) and a control group (with 20 people).The data gathering tool was Schommer's epistemological beliefs (1990), Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire (1989). Also, in the experimental group, an educational package of life skills training with Islamic approach was implemented for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, however, the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using of spss19 and through single-variable and multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that life skills training with Islamic approach have a significant effect on epistemological beliefs and only on two sub-components of it (the inherent ability of learning and learning fast) and on psychological well-being and all sub-components of it (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, communication Positive affirmation with others, purposefulness in life and admission) of male students have a significant effect (p ≤0.05).

The aim of this study was to compare the self-esteem and interpersonal problems of incompatible, adaptive and normal narcissists.

The research method was causal-comparative. From the population of Islamic Azad University students, 210 people were selected by available sampling method and based on the evaluation of two questionnaires of pathological narcissism (PNI) and narcissistic personality scale (NPI) in three groups of 70 people consistent narcissism, maladaptive narcissism and no narcissism they got. To measure the desired variables, the Questionnaires of Rosenberg self esteem scale (RSES) inventory of interpersonal problems – 32 (IIP-32) were used and finally the data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test.

The results showed that self-esteem in all three groups showed a significant difference (P <0.05) and self-esteem in the adaptive narcissistic group was reported more than the other two groups. Also, all dimensions of interpersonal problems in all three groups showed significant differences with each other (P <0.05).

Incompatible narcissism can negatively affect the self-esteem, and interpersonal problems of medical students. People with incompatible narcissistic traits use being in the crowd only as a means to create a sense of superiority and dominance, are not subject to others in important life decisions, and express themselves regardless of the impact they have on others. In essence, the existence of narcissistic and incompatible narcissistic traits causes interpersonal problems on the scale of advocacy and participation. Because the feeling of merit and superiority, lack of empathy, inability to create and maintain warm and emotional ties with others and lack of shared orientation towards relationships cause the prerequisites for establishing healthy interpersonal relationships in these people to be harmed.

Numerous studies have shown the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological disorders. This study seeks to determine whether avoidance coping styles can influence the relationship between rejection and disconnection schemas and binge eating.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role avoidance coping styles in the relationship between rejection and disconnection schemas and binge eating.

The research method is descriptive-correlational and in particular form of structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all people with eating disorders who referred to counseling centers in Qom From this community, 234 people were selected as the sample group in a purposeful manner using the Millon scale ш. Research tools included the Young and Brown Schema Questionnaire (2003), Garner et al (1982) Extreme Compensation, and Yang-Ray Avoidance (1994). The data were analyzed using structural equation method.

The results showed that the fit of the research model was favorable (GFI >0.9) and avoidance coping styles, The relationship between rejection and disconnection schemas and binge eating played a mediating role.

So Young's coping styles play a mediating role in the effects of rejection and disconnection schemas on binge eating. The results also showed that there is a positive relationship between schemas in the field of exclusion and overeating. In addition, it was found that there is a positive relationship between coping styles with avoiding overeating. This means that as uncompromising coping styles of avoidance increase, overeating increases. On the other hand, coping styles of avoidance play a role as a mediator of the relationship between the early uncompromising schemas of exclusion and cutting and overeating