نشریه علوم آبزی پروری پیشرفته
سال دوم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

In this study the increase per capita consumption of marine protein sources, requires a review of traditional treatments and as well economical use of small fish such as Kilka Fish, which is not normally well-liked   and, on the other hand, it has the proper reserves to produce a new product with different sensory and tissue properties.The breaded kilka was coated (raw and fried) by common and Tempura Batter.For determination of quality assessment and shelf life, samples were stored at freezer (-18°C Results showed that tempura batter improved the quality of the product such as organoleptic properties. Results showed that tempura batter improved the quality of the product such as organoleptic properties. All of the sensory properties including smell, taste, tenderness, and adhesiveness were significantly different between two types of batter (p<0.05) in breaded kilka. It showed that applying the tempura batter coating improves the quality of the breaded kilka from the organoleptic point of view considerably than common batter during frozen storage. According to progressive oxidative deterioration in breaded kilka at the end of 4 months after production and also decreasing in sensory properties, the shelf life of raw and fried breaded kilka was determined 3 months during frozen storage (-18°C). In conclusion, the tempura batter is better than the common one.

Algae are very rich sources of essential compounds that are used as food sources in the aquaculture industry. During the past few decades, new and numerous compounds have been extracted from algae, and many of these compounds have significant biological activity. These biological compounds have a wide range of effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. Fucoidan is one of the sulfated polysaccharides that is extracted from brown algae and has many biological activities. The present study was conducted to investigate the fucoidan, properties, applications and its potentials use in aquaculture development. The findings of this study showed that fucoidan extracted from brown algae can play an important role in the development of aquaculture industry in the future.

The aim of this study was to compare stress responses of rainbow trout reared in saltwater earthen ponds and freshwater fiberglass tanks. To this, 10000 fish were distributed in a three-ha earthen pond and 150 fish in three fiberglass tanks (2000L). Blood samples were taken after 3 months rearing. The source of fish and feed was similar between the saltwater pond and fiberglass tanks. In the blood samples, concentrations of cortisol, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. There was no significant difference in water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH between the pond and tanks; however, water salinity and ammonia was higher in the pond compared to the tanks. Serum cortisol, glucose, lactate, LDH and AST of the fish in earthen ponds were significantly higher than those of the fish reared in fiberglass tanks. The results suggest that the fish in the earthen pond experienced higher stress, which could be due to water salinity and ammonia. As a result, it suggested that hygienic and managerial approaches are particularly followed when trout are reared in earthen saltwater ponds to prevent disease outbreak.

Over the past years, the aquaculture has had a high rate of meat  production as human population has increased. However, with the growth of dense and semi-dense breeding systems, the increase in the prevalence of epidemics in aquatic animals, which reduces production, is increasing Oncorhynchus mykiss has been expanding rapidly in recent years. Along with such an expansion that calls for increased fish density per unit area, a variety of infectious diseases are spreading more rapidly in the spawning population, So that each year, it injures more than 10% of its annual output to the industry. Phytobiots, A group of natural stimuli that have been considered in aquaculture in the past two decades. These stimulants have a wide range of bioactive materials and have extensive activity, such as: stimulating intake of food, increasing digestive tract discharging, increasing immunity, anti-coccidiosis activity and anti-motility based on their permeability. Since rain bow trout due to marketable and well-culture in pond , the main fish concern of most farmers.in this review, we have studied phytobiotics and their effects on growth factors, bactericidal activity, immunity, blood indices and resistance to common pathogens of rain bow trout in the world.

Seafood consumption is increased mainly due to its availability, nutritional value, health benefits, reasonable price in comparison to livestock and poultry and finally lack of fatal diseases such as BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) and FMD (foot and mouth disease) risk. Food contamination with mycotoxins is a serious setback to animal health and performance with subsequent health issues to animal protein product consumers. Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites with different chemical charactristics and physiological effects. It is estimated that 25% of the world's agricultural products are annually affected and practically become useless. Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins with carcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects. Aflatoxins can transfer to body through food/feed and also via inhalation. Human and animal food/feed ingredients are susceptible to fungal colonization and growth. Aflatoxins are mainly produced by fungi species such as Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. They concentrate in various tissues including liver, kidney, immune system, genital organs, nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Certainly, they are considerably accumulated in the liver, for instance the hepatic concenteration of aflatoxin would be 10 times higher that its mascular concentration. Various risk management approaches have been proposed to deal with mycotoxins expecially aflatoxin contamination of feed ingredients, mainly including at-harvest and post harvest managemnets. In at-harvest method mostly avoiding insect damage, choosing varieties resistant to fungal diseases and well-adapted to growing area and biological control are addressed. However, avoiding delayed harvest, avoiding grain kernel damage, grain sorting, managing temperature and humidity of silos and ozone treatment and etc. are mainly considered in post harvest management of feed ingredients . This review summarizes the management strategies for preventing the toxicity of aflatoxin in aquaculture along with reviewing existing literature on the toxicity of aflatoxin in aquaculture animal and other monogastric animals expecially poltury.

Pikeperch is valuable, endemic and economical species of the Caspian Sea. Since the 1986, it has only been considered for stock enhancement, and there has not been much work to enter of this species to aquaculture industry. So, it has been tried to reach of biotechnical production, in this research. The weaning of pike perch was taken manually for 12 days, which was first used for larvae, and gradually the concentrate and half-immersed plate were used. The appropriate breeding temperature is 23 degrees, and the color of dark gray of tanks is suitable. Appropriate light period is 8L: 16 D.  The average weight of fishes reached from 2.8 gr to 62 gr over 170 days. The highest survival rate occurred in the third phase (25 gr to 60 gr stage) and SGR was calculated 0.9% / day.