مجله جامعه شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی
پیاپی 17 (بهار و تابستان 1400)

This research has been prepared to measure the tendency towards modern spirituality in people over eighteen years old in Gorgan (city in the north of Iran) and to identify social factors and determine their impacts. In this survey, stratified random sampling (appropriate to the population living in different parts of the city) and a researcher-made questionnaire (with Cronbach's alpha of 0.75) were used. By using appropriate statistical techniques, the findings showed that 55.5% of the population with a score above average (3.12 out of 5) had a tendency to modern spirituality. The two variables "age" (with a Standardized partial correlation coefficient -0.28) and "the importance of religiosity in everyday life" (with a Standardized partial coefficient -0.24) directly and significantly have affected on the modern spirituality. And explain 16% of its variance. Also, the two variables " The importance of religiosity for parents" and "social class" indirectly (with Standardized partial coefficient -0.11 and 0.031) have affected on this trend. It can also be inferred from all the findings that the hypothesis "Modern spirituality as destroyer of the religiosity" is probably more correct than the hypothesis of the transformation and compatibility of religiosity.

The main purpose of writing this research is to examine the characteristics of cultural and political identity of young people in the first and fourth decades of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, she was in the city of Babolsar and the similarities and identity differences of the youth of these two decades are expressed. This study examines the identity characteristics of young people in the first and fourth decades of the revolution using the theoretical framework of Emmanuel Castells Regarding identities, in the city of Babolsar, the answer to the question is what was the difference and similarity of the cultural and political identity of the youth in the first two and fourth decades of the revolution? The present research is descriptive in terms of method and its collection tool is through the use of library resources including books, Articles as well as a survey include the distribution of a number of questionnaires in the form of survey sheets and the refinement and monitoring of these questionnaires. SPSS software was used in the statistical analysis of the surveys. The findings of the study indicate that although the revolutionary Islamic identity of the youth of the fourth decade has become much less colorful than that of the youth of the first decade, But the youth in this period still have similarities with the youth of the first decade of the Islamic Revolution.

Similar to many other countries, Iran has witnessed growth in youth unemployment over recent years.The purpose of this study is to understand the sociological causes of youth unemployment. This is a qualitative research and its participants are 19unemployed youth in Kermanshah citywho have been selected by purposive and theoretical sampling. Data collection tool is in-depth interview .Data analysis was performed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method, which includes open, axial and selective coding. The results show that youth unemployment factors include 104 concepts, 33 subcategories, 11 main categories and a core category entitled "dual structural unemployment and low employability". The results showed that job-seeking youth due to causal conditions such as mismanagement and lack of systematization for job creation, inadequate job contexts, Sexism; Underlying conditions such as family constraints on access to employment and inefficiency and low quality of human capital and intervention conditions such as job misconceptions and rural repulsion are faced with a dual structural unemployment and low employability.In such a situation, people use two contradictory action strategies such as passivity and inefficiency and self-efficacy and the desire to change or cope with the problem of unemployment.The need for synergy and comprehensive support of relevant and responsible institutions in order to improve the business environment and increase job opportunities for young people in Kermanshah is a serious recommendation of this study.

This article examines the impact of "Prisoners Support Association" service" on the performance of prisoners' families in Tehran province and its objectives are to assess the impact of services "welfare and livelihood", "cultural and educational", "employment and vocational training", "health and medical", "Education and counseling" on the performance of prisoners' families. In the theoretical framework, Hill Prisoner Family Crisis Theory, The McMaster Family Theoretical Model of Family Performance, Social Support Models Including Direct Impact, Indirect or Impact, Weiss Model, Duty Assignment, Compensatory Hierarchy, Loss, Identity Accumulation and Model "Optimal matching Model of stress and social support" was examined. This research is of "quantitative research" based on "survey method" and "questionnaire tool". The instruments include the researcher-made questionnaire "Prisoner Support Association Services" and the standard Epstein Family Performance Assessment Questionnaire (FAD). The statistical population includes all families covered by the services of the Prisoners Support Association in Tehran province (3400 families), of which 384 people were selected as a statistical sample based on stratified random sampling and research questionnaires were completed in the winter of 2021.The Findings showed that "material and livelihood", "cultural and educational", "employment and vocational training", "health and medical" and "educational and counseling" services have positive effects on the performance of families of prisoners in Tehran province. The structural equation model also showed the variables "Support Association Services", "Economic and Social Status" and "Family Profile" on the subscales of "Problem Solving", "Roles", "Affective Responsiveness", "Communication", "Affective Involvement", "Behavioral control" and "General Functioning" have positive effects. Therefore, the families of prisoners in the components of "welfare and livelihood", "cultural and educational", "employment and vocational training", "health and medical" and "education and counseling" need the support and assistance of support institutions such as the "Prisoners Support Association" to part Recover from the challenges and threats posed by the lack of a head of household.

Despite the consensus of social scientists on the greater religiosity of women than men in all religions and sects, explaining why this empirically stable pattern is considered a scientific puzzle. To solve this puzzle, sociologists have also made various theoretical efforts, the most recent of which was introduced in the late twentieth century as the "theory of risk preference". The present study was conducted in continuation of this new field of study in the sociology of religion on the relationship between risk preference and religiosity in the light of a synthetic theoretical model. Therefore, at the theoretical level, an attempt was made to combine the theory of power-control and the theory of risk preference to develop a model for the sociological explanation of gender differences in religiosity. Then, at the experimental level, testing this theoretical model with the data obtained from the national population of Iranian Muslims. Overall, the results of this study indicated the empirical support of this theoretical model among Iranian Muslims so that the two constructs of "family structure" and "risk aversion" were able to significantly reduce the gender gap in all aspects of Iranian Muslims' religiosity.

The aim of this study was to study the changing role of men in families in Yazd according to the interpretation and experience of men themselves. To conduct the research, we used the research method of grounded theory. The research feild was the city of Yazd and in order to obtain the data, 30 men living in Yazd participated in the research using purposive sampling method. We used semi-structured interviews to collect data and theoretical coding to analyze the data. In the initial coding stage, we extracted 34 concepts from the interviews and finally organized in 5 main categories. According to the findings, the role of men in the family includes the democratization process and other family members have found a more prominent role in the power structure. Men have moved away from the definition of their traditional role, transforming masculine tastes and limiting themselves. The media, education, urbanization and women's employment are the causal conditions that have led to this change. The consequences of these changes have been the domination of the materialist domination of the role partners and the new meaning-making of masculinity.

One of the most important reasons for doing this research is to show that water should not be considered as a mere commodity with an institutional-material value. On the contrary, it has a cultural-nonmaterial value that can be effective in regulating and formulating water policies and management. Due to the emphasis on one dimension of water values and neglect of the other dimensions in water resources management, there are profound shortcomings in understanding diverse water value systems and water resources management. The purpose of this research is to examine the awareness and attitude of the employees of water-related institutions and organizations and show the importance of water values. To determine this, the present study distinguishes between two types of institutional-material value and cultural-nonmaterial value. The present quantitative research uses the survey method and questionnaire to collect data. In this study, water department employees were selected using quota sampling. The results indicate that there is a distinction between the positions of cultural values (cultural-nonmaterial values) and institutional-material values (water as a consumer goods) according to the administrative organizations and their employees. In fact, the orientation of employees of water organizations was mostly towards institutional-material values.

The present study tries to investigate the level of social trust in the medical institution and its impact on the level of community compliance with health recommendations in the Covid 19 pandemic. For this purpose, quantitative method (survey) and questionnaire tools were used. The statistical population is people over 20 years old in Tehran, which according to the latest general population and housing census in 2016 is equal to 6666801 people. Among them, 306 people from 22 districts of Tehran were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method appropriate to the size and using Cochran's formula. The average Cronbach's alpha of the indicators was more than 0.7, which indicates the acceptable reliability of the measurement tool.The results showed that the rate of compliance with health recommendations in the survey period (July 2021) is relatively high among Tehran citizens. Also, according to the average index of trust in the medical institution (3.18), it can be said that in general, the level of trust of the respondents in the medical institution (in all its dimensions) is relatively high. Pearson correlation test was used to test the research hypotheses. The significance coefficient of all four relationships was below 0.05 and significant; Therefore, all four research hypotheses were confirmed. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a significant positive relationship between trust in the medical institution in all its dimensions (competence, confidentiality, fidelity and honesty) and compliance with the health recommendations related to Covid-19. As a result, it can be said that by increasing institutional trust in institutions such as the medical institution in the community, it is possible to greatly increase social participation in compliance with pandemic-related health advice and thus achieve effective control of pandemics in society.

Any kind of administrative and government corruption can be a brake and a lever to disrupt all countries' important trade and economic areas. In this study, we have examined the situation of corruption in the Iranian press. In this study, we seek to answer these questions: What are the conflicting discourses in the formation and perpetuation of corruption? What groups and institutions is corruption related to? From what position or position does corruption arise? The four newspapers Vatan-e-Amrooz, Shargh, Etemad, and Kayhan have been used for reading, and from each of these newspapers, based on a theoretical sample, several texts have been selected as samples to analyze and interpret the issue of corruption. The Laclau and Mouffe frameworks have been used to answer the research questions. Based on Mufeh's framework, a model on the issue of corruption was presented to each newspaper. The top signs formed on the issue of corruption in each of the newspapers are: justice-oriented management, transparent management, diverse meritocracy management, and Islamic management, respectively. In general, newspapers, instead of structurally examining the issue of corruption and providing solutions to the problem, are more involved in exposing corruption and attributing it to the era of opposing discourse management, and there is a kind of rhetorical discourse in the press.