مجله جامعه شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی
پیاپی 22 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

Today, one of the most important issues of human life is to pay attention to the environment in which one lives. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social and cultural capital and environmental responsibility based on the concept of capital in Bourdieu's thought.

This research was carried out using a survey method with a statistical population of citizens aged 15 years and older in Yasouj city. Based on Cochran's formula and the variance calculated from the pre-test with 95% confidence, 323 people were selected as the sample size. The validity of the questionnaire was also measured by its formal type and reliability using Cronbach's alpha.

The research results showed a significant relationship between social capital and embodied cultural capital and environmental responsibility. There is no significant relationship between contextual variables (gender, education, employment status, and marital status) with environmental responsibility. Structural equation modeling showed that 44% of the variance of the environmental responsibility variable is explained by the variables of social capital (with more influence) and cultural capital.

Based on the findings of this research and Bourdieu's theory, the more social and cultural capital citizens have, the better their environmental responsibility. In the city of Yasouj, due to the commitment to ethnic and tribal relations and ties, having social capital in the form of social support in communication networks plays a very effective role in encouraging people to behave in an environmentally responsible manner. Therefore, in line with the theoretical and practical training of people in environmentally responsible behavior using citizens, it is suggested to issue licenses to NGOs in the field of environment with minimal government interference, holding workshops, conferences, and public gatherings, strengthening communication bridges between people and responsible organizations in the field of environment, especially through virtual space, strengthening communication and building trust between people and non-governmental organizations, including religious institutions, and educating families through schools.

The aim of the current research is to investigate the social causes of the weakness in the adoption of biofertilizer technology, despite the passage of three decades since Iranian technologists achieved their industrial production.

The present study followed a qualitative research approach and used the case study strategy. The data collection was carried out through document study, unstructured interviews, and participatory observation, and the studied unit was the socio-technical fertilizer system. Data was collected from policy-making departments, public and private companies, and universities and was analyzed using the explanatory construction method.

During the three decades under study, policy nests in the field of laws and institution building by the government and technology nests in technology promotion and market development have been created by biofertilizer producers. Also, in the shadow of global developments such as the embargo, war, increased fertilizer prices, and demand for healthy products, the domestic perspective is also under pressure, but it has not led to a significant increase in the acceptance of biological fertilizer.

In addition to the characteristics of authoritarianism and rigidity towards the change of procedures in the executive body, the custodian of fertilizer supply and distribution in the country as a network of politically connected companies by using mechanisms of regulatory capture, hiding and denying the effectiveness of technology, limiting the access of competitors, and discrimination in law enforcement, has not allowed the formation of windows of opportunity in the socio-technical system of fertilizer. Also, the entanglement of the prospect of self-sufficiency in agricultural products with the provision of chemical fertilizer subsidies in the form of imports has made it impossible to form a new configuration in the technical-social fertilizer system. At the same time, the custodian body considered the barriers to the release of biofertilizers as their high price, lack of effectiveness in performance, and lack of acceptance of bio-fertilizers as small ownership, old age, and low education of the Iranian agricultural community; an issue that was not true in the field of practice.

Privatizing education has recently been a highly debated topic among policymakers. Privatization of education aims to reduce the burden on government budgets and create a competitive market, focusing on improving the efficiency of resource utilization in teaching and learning. This research aims to critically analyze the discourse surrounding the privatization of education in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, specifically examining the perspectives of both the principled and reformist governments.

The present study adopts a qualitative approach using Foucauldian critical discourse analysis to describe, interpret, and elucidate the nature and discursive elements of education during these historical periods.

Results indicate that the reformist discourse strongly emphasizes public participation in education, consideration of local conditions, and attention to minority groups in education. On the other hand, the principled discourse places greater importance on supporting non-governmental schools addressing local and regional needs, promoting participation, decentralization, and educational councils. These components are less prevalent in rival discourses. Each discourse rejects the previous discourse and accentuates and centralizes its own views and policies, thus strengthening and affirming its own identity.

Post-revolution discourses have not sufficiently addressed all the dimensions and indicators of education privatization in a balanced manner. In most cases, the examined documents adhere to a singlediscourse model and lack interest in incorporating elements from rival discourses.

Iran has experienced extensive internal migrations in the last few decades, and this migration trend continues to increase in the inter-provincial dimension. These migrations have been associated with vast challenges in the country’s regions. Therefore, the current research seeks a female narrative of migration waves, which are formed due to the two-way instability in the immigrant-sending and immigrant-receiving regions.

This research followed the qualitative method and used the grounded theory approach. The participants were 21 women who immigrated to Yazd city from different provinces. They were selected purposefully and by theoretical sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was done by open, central, and selective coding methods.

The findings of the present research indicate the existence of stable instability in the internal migration cycle of the country. As a result of the inefficiency of the regional policies, the immigrant-sending regions have faced widespread instability, which has become the basis for large group migrations from these regions. On the other hand, the ineffectiveness of the policies in the immigrant-receiving regions in properly and proportionally absorbing the immigrant population has caused the balance between population and resources to be disturbed, and the foundations of these areas have also faced severe instabilities in various dimensions.

The continuation of this process, without timely and appropriate government intervention, will cause a new wave of migration from these areas, in which priority is given to people with more human and economic capital to move to more developed metropolises. Therefore, this path requires more accurate monitoring and efficient management and policymaking

The present study investigates the formation of social modernization components connected to virtual social networks.

The research is descriptive and wasdone with a survey technique. The statistical population included all the students of Payam Noor University of Golestan province, numbering 6168 people, of which 463 were randomly selected using Cochran's sampling method.

The results of correlation coefficients showed that the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the components of social modernization, including the variables of universalism, individualism, emotional neutrality, and familyism, was significant. On the other hand, the relationship between this factor and other components of social modernization, including the variables of separation, acquisition, and cosmopolitanism, was not significant. The results of structural equation modeling in the test of research hypotheses showed that the variable of using virtual social networks could explain emotional neutrality, individualism, separation, and universalism from the components of social modernization, respectively.

The result of the research shows that the use of social networks by students has increased the formation of social modernization components (universalism, individualism, emotional neutrality, and separation) in them. Therefore, virtual social networks can be used in the formation of social modernization

This study aims to examine some critical moments in the history of the student movement during the second Pahlavi era to show how insisting on maintaining the protest worldview and turning intransigence into a political virtue can paradoxically provide room for reactionary forces to exploit revolutionary radicalism. This research used documentary study and Karl Marx's class analysis of the political forces active in France after the 1848 revolution. In some critical moments, student protests, contrary to expectations, instead of criticizing the ruling power and the dictatorship of the court, unwittingly rushed to its aid and, in practice, became supporters of the court and the king’s power. During the three prime ministerial periods of Ahmad Qawam, Mohammad Mossadegh, and Ali Amini, politicians who had the ability to revive the government’s power against the court came to power. However, the student protests weakened the power of these governments, and the court was able to remove these competitors from its way and establish its dictatorship more than before. One of the traumatic dimensions of political culture in contemporary Iran is the lack of attention to the tactical value of radicalism and its transformation into a fixed and unchanging policy at some historical moments. Recognizing the patterns and choices that have led to the closure of society to create an open political space should be subject to critical-historical reflection so that their repetition does not lead to the aggravation of political problems and sufferings.

The current research aims to investigate the social health status of students and its relationship with specific trust, generalized trust, and institutional trust.

The current research is quantitative and survey-type. Three hundred fifty-nine students were selected as the research sample through Cochran's formula and stratified random method. The data collection tool was Keyes' standard social health questionnaire (1998) and researcher-made social trust questionnaire, whose reliability was estimated through Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability index (CR), and its validity was estimated through average variance extracted (AVE) and diagnostic validity. Data analysis was done at two descriptive levels through SPSS software and inferential through the partial least square (PLS) method.

Descriptive findings showed that the social health status of students is average. Inferential findings showed that all three variables have a positive and significant relationship with social health, but generalized trust has a stronger effect than the other two variables. In addition, institutional trust mediates the effect of specific and generalized trust on social health.

The results emphasize the importance of cultivating trust at different levels to increase social health. Educational institutions and policymakers should strive to foster environments that promote trust at all levels.

The present study aims to understand the lived experience of female heads of households from mothering. The current research followed a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. Fifteen mothers who were heads of households in Marand city and supported by welfare organizations were selected through the purposive sampling method, with whom deep and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. The lived experience of female heads of households from mothering were classified under the five main themes of "worried mothering", "maternal sacrifice", "identity while playing multiple and conflicting roles", "double financial pressure", and "abnormal adaptation". Thirteen sub-themes were also found, namely "feeling worried about the child's future","intolerance of the child's discomfort", "expressing regret for becoming a mother", "dedication and self-sacrifice", "tolerating hardship for being with a child", "reluctance to remarry because of the child", "the role of fathering, head of household,  and mothering", "inability to meet needs", "child abuse and punishment", "stigma and sexual greed", "exclusion of family and acquaintances", and "hiding identity". The maternal experience of female heads of households is associated with many challenges in their personal, family, and social lives. After accepting the role of the heads of the household, they perform the duties of mothering and fathering together, which are beyond the duties of a mother alone. They experience special difficulties due to economic, social, and cultural pressures and multiplicity of duties. Adopting appropriate measures and policies in the economic, socio-cultural, and psychological fields is essential for policymakers and support institutions to empower mother heads of households so that they can fulfill their role as mothers with fewer worries.

Paying attention to the future of urban society and its changes is considered a basic necessity in the management system, and a proper understanding of the future will improve managers’ capabilities in maintaining social identity. The efficiency of art organizations at the level of urban society is ambiguous due to the lack of clarity of the policies of managers and their neglect of the role of social capital. Due to the orientation of the recent views of contextualism towards cultural-social discourses, this research seeks to better understand the potentials and limitations of the artistic community by focusing on the architectural planning for the urban society of Kalaleh.

The present study focuses on the necessity of professional interaction of art managers with native artists to achieve social sustainability. This qualitative research used discourse-style interviews with art managers and an empathy-based questionnaire written by Kalaleh artists, as well as the critical discourse analysis method, to answer two questions: what are the characteristics of a successful art complex, and what can hinder its dynamics? The method of critical discourse analysis was considered a desirable approach for drawing the landscape of native art and redefining the perceptions and expectations of two groups of artists and managers in art organizations.

Issues such as prioritizing the most vulnerable artists, ensuring the equal representation of all cultural groups in the programming process, and recognizing the significant and unwanted effects of the context, including exclusive political-economic activities, are raised in the conclusion of this study.

By highlighting the distinctive effects of socio-local institutions, i.e., the community's social capital, the professional interaction between managers and native artists creates a more comprehensive artistic experience for both sides, which supports sustainability and future success.

Consumption and cultural consumption are among the important phenomena of contemporary society that affect different aspects of people's lives. Many experts consider cultural consumption and consumption to be influenced by and representative of social class. Some studies, especially in the modern world, in addition to class, have considered individual characteristics and individuality to be important determinants of consumption and cultural consumption. The purpose of this research is to examine the amount and type of cultural consumption of citizens of Tehran and the factors affecting it, emphasizing the two above approaches.

The method of this study was a survey, and the data collection instrument was a questionnaire.

The results show that individual characteristics, individuality, and class of people are related to the amount and type of cultural consumption; however, their relationship is different in various cultural goods. In general, these factors have multiple correlations with cultural consumption (R = 0.688) and can explain (R2 = 0.461) the changes in cultural consumption. Most of the weight belongs to cultural tendencies, modern-traditional, and then class variables.

The regression equation confirms the theoretical insight of the paper, which claims that cultural consumption is simultaneously influenced by individual characteristics, individuality, and class of individuals.