نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 62 (بهار 1400)

Apprehension of the fundamental and noble notions of art, can lead to a better understanding of practical arts such as architecture, the- atre and cinema and their similarities. Architecture, theater and cin- ema, apart from their practical aspect, which creates the environ - ment, in the process of comprehending the space, all three share the same three principals which are interwoven together by architects and directors. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach is studying the generality of this similitude and the ability to use this similarity in practical arts. Using the virtues of wisdom and experience are two important factors in this research, which can simultaneously use both divisions alongside each other. Architec- ture, cinema and theatre can be mediums to present ideas, and these ideas can be common between different Medias and different fields. Indeed architecture, theatre and cinema are composed of the same main elements such as stage, space, light, movement, and perspec- tive. Architects, directors of theatre and movies are continuous - ly trying to communicate associative concepts in order to narrate ideas and complex concepts in a symbolic environment. Indeed the art of architecture in theatre and cinema represents itself as the factor creating balance and harmony in the shape of images and composition of stage in which special and temporal properties of the space, color, lights, shadows and shades have different effects on spectators. Visual perspectives in the background of a movie have an important role in creating the ideas of the director and the producer of the movie. Actually, directors create the environment and temper of the space and characters by using architecture by the mean of concepts and visual perspective. Identification of these interactions and their effect can be of great help to the artists in cre- ating their artistic product and create an appropriate understanding .of environment and space required for each category

Contemporary Iranian architecture and its Vicissitudes has always been discussed from different perspectives. Among different architecture style, transit or transfer period, has al ways been questioned due to sudden changes in architectur al design. Considering to the fact that many factors affect the design of architecture, in this article, tried to examine the relationship between the three factors of “governmen tal politics or rules”, “urban planning” and “architecture, especially urban facade”. The transit period is a historical period with a fluid and non-quantitative nature in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi period. It is also more difficult for a variety of reasons, including the power shift of kingdom and the lack of resources attributed to this period. Therefore, in order to present a comprehensive and inclusive research for each feature, the three periods of the late Qajar, transit and the first Pahlavi have been studied and the evolution of events and developments has been presented comprehen sively. The research method is using a combined strategy of two interpretive-historical methods in the position of the main method and case study in the position of the comple mentary method. It is the city of Tehran, which centrality capital in all three periods has been considered as the area of this study. The focus of this research is on the urban fa cade of residential houses. An urban facade is the architec ture façade view that can be seen from the urban space or the street and alley. Analyses and Interpretation of the ur ban facade evolution and reading its relationship with urban planning and governmental politics has been identified as the purpose of this study, which indicates the existence of a significant relationship between these factors.

Villages as one of the human habitats and environmental hazards as a natural phenomenon are the most important issues in geography in the field of spatial planning. Therefore, considering the ideals of achieving sustainable development, improving the quality of life, welfare and social and environmental development, it is necessary that natural hazards and vulnerability to it in the focus of develop- ment and planning in various sectoral and spatial dimensions and at different local levels. In this regard, the present study seeks to .provide a favorable model of safety of rural settlements in Tehran The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology and applied in terms of purpose. Data collection and information was done in the field (Delphi questionnaire) and documents and in the analysis with the help of Arc GIS software. Expert Choice 11. SPSS statistical and spatial analysis was used. The results of Delphi technique show that there is no effective model in the safe- ty management of rural centers. These centers are dependent on urban centers in terms of safety and fire services, and as a result, the lack of preventive methods on the one hand and the facilities of appropriate facilities and equipment on the other hand cause the high vulnerability of these centers to hazards. Also, spatial analysis shows that the majority of villages in Tehran in the southern half of the city and in the downstream part of Tehran metropolis were lo- cated at altitudes less than 1400 meters, while in terms of environ- mental hazards (earthquake, flood) have the highest vulnerability and noteworthy These centers also face serious problems in terms of fire services due to the existence of industrial units and ware- houses, and jobs that have a high risk of fire. The correlation anal- ysis of the research also shows that the farther away from Tehran the rural centers are, the more deprived they are in terms of security services. Also, the higher the environmental risks of the village, the .greater the job and income dependence of the village on Tehran In the villages of Tehran, the safety of the integrated management of the village and the city by giving priority to the prevention and preparation phase with the participation of rural volunteer forces can be a suitable model in the field of safety and bring the villages .to sustainable conditions in terms of safety

Nowadays, the field of value and value studies has entered many sciences and researches and has left various influences. The field of architecture and urban planning studies is no exception and the issue of value and the views around it has become an important focus that has a great impact on the adoption of measures at various scales. Values in architecture and urban planning actually represent events that affect the context of time (history), present and future. It can depict a variety of species at different time intervals. The val ues of the Iranian-Islamic city are no exception to this and are a key phrase in urban research. The purpose of this study is to deduce the values of the Iranian-Islamic city with emphasis on the theory of derivative perceptions of Allameh Tabatabai. According to the pur pose, this research is included in the category of qualitative studies. The research method is a mixed of content analysis method, de scriptive-analytical method with logical reasoning approach (cul tural-discourse) using library and documentary studies. According to the studies and evaluations, the use of the philosophical theory of derivative perceptions in urban studies requires transfer filters, which are called the basics of urban study, which have been identi fied in five species. And then the ten values of the Iranian-Islamic city were inferred. These values include: the value of monotheistic belief and unity, the value of justice and distribution of interests, the value of security and collective interests, the value of balance in all urban strata, the value of willingness to participate, the value of social capital and neighborhood-citizenship rights, the value of attention to creation Environment is the value of peace and natural perfection, the value of human dignity and the value of Islamic manifestations of the city. Identifying values in an urban context requires attention to the context and culture that the theory of de rivative perceptions of this context has provided and led to a prin cipled investigation and inference of the values of the Iranian-Is lamic city. Paying attention to this theory and the values inferred can be effective and efficient in the decision-making process, deci sion-making and especially urban management and planning.

About 50 thousand tonnes of construction waste is produced in Tehran daily, which is about 7 times the household waste. This results in the movement of more than 4500 trucks during the day inside the city. These movements without having smart and integrated management not only increase the traffic and pollutes the city air but also impose other problems such as illegal waste disposal in passages upon urban management. Hence, by smartification of the con- struction waste transport system, not only illegal disposal of this debris can be prevented, but also by reducing the truck traffic or their path length, huge positive steps are taken to- ward reducing overall traffic and air pollution. Via a proper organization of construction waste, in addition to sustaining the natural resources and environment, it can provide mone- tization and job makings. This research was performed based on the analytical hierar- chy process (AHP) with a view to urban sustainable devel- opment to identify the best approach of transporting con- struction and demolition waste in Tehran. It has shown that option “smart and integrated management” with a weight of 0.851 is the best choice for transporting construction and demolition waste compared with the option “using the tradi- tional method” with a weight of 0.149.

The metropolis of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, faces nu - merous physical, spatial and functional challenges. The purpose of this study is to provide criteria and indicators of the optimal model of spatial management for the metropo- lis of Tehran with a sustainable development approach. The research method, qualitative method and the main tool of data collection and analysis, Delphi Technique have been selected. The statistical population of the study is the me- tropolis of Tehran and the statistical analysis unit including officials, executives and managers of relevant national, pro- vincial and local executive bodies; Academic experts and experts in the subject area of this research and consulting engineering companies. The sample population was 30 ex- perts in the relevant fields. In addition to Delphi stages anal- ysis, a set of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods including Content Analysis, rational and logical reasoning and one-sample T-test have been used. The results show that the sustainable development of Tehran metropolis depends on the desired model of spatial management of the metropo- lis. The components (criteria) of such a model are: integrity, participation, flexibility, responsibility, accountability, stra- tegic, forward-looking and sustainable. Also, the favorable situation of spatial management of Tehran metropolis should monitor the realization of various dimensions of sustainable urban development and meet the different environmental, socio-cultural, institutional, economic and physical-spatial .needs of the metropolitan area

This research with exploratory-descriptive nature seeks a model for understanding the concept of citizenship. The mixed (quantita- tive-qualitative) method has been used in data collection and infor- mation processing. First, by studying the existing theoretical litera- ture, the basic conceptual model of “citizenship” is extracted, then based on the themes and using the method of content analysis of the country’s cultural policies in documents such as the constitution, the first to sixth economic, social and cultural development programs. J.A.A., Charter of Citizenship Rights ... The existing model of citi- zenship was obtained and in order to ensure the fit of the model, it was approved by a sample of thirty elites of university centers who were selected by non-probability sampling and purposefully. A ques- tionnaire was used at this stage. Pls software is used in this step. The model of citizenship based on cultural policies, which was ob- tained in two dimensions of citizenship rights and citizenship re- sponsibilities and 10 components in 55 indicators, is used as a basis for judging the state of citizenship in society based on the results of frequency distribution of citizenship dimensions. Obviously, any im- balance between the two dimensions of right and responsibility of citizenship will leave its mark. This claim does not mean not accept- ing the intertwining of these two dimensions, but merely a separation to know more about the status of citizenship in society. Based on this model, one of the most important findings was that the results of frequency distribution of citizenship dimensions in the first to sixth development plans indicate a higher frequency of salaries of 61.36 percent compared to the dimension of citizenship responsibili- ties with 38.64 percent. This means that the general guidelines, which are at the helm of future changes in citizenship and citizenship, see citizenship as a right rather than a duty and responsibility. Thus, cit- izens as important actors in this field are deprived of responsibility and most of the government in the position of guardian is responsible for ensuring citizenship rights.